Deck 21: Multivariate Data Analysis: Analytics With Interdependence Techniques

Question 1

In factor analysis,"communality" is a measure of the percentage of a variable's variation that can be explained by the factors.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Exploratory factor analysis is used when a researcher is certain about the number of factors and which variables belong in each.

Answer 2

False
Exploratory factor analysis is used when a researcher is uncertain about the number of factors and which variables belong in each.

Question 3

The specific variance is the source of variance that is common to all variables.

Answer 3

False
the specific variance is the source of variance that is specific to an individual variable.

Question 4

Parsimony means the researcher seeks a simple solution that still maintains sufficient meaning to represent reality.

Question 5

In cluster analysis,each cluster should have low internal homogeneity and high external heterogeneity.

Question 6

Promax is a rotation technique that produces factors that represent the degree of correlation among factors.

Question 7

Multivariate statistical techniques fall into two broad categories of using dependence and interdependence techniques.

Question 8

Varimax is the least common type of factor rotation.

Question 9

The error variance is the source of variance that is external to variables or factors such as faulty measurement or other error sources.

Question 10

The purpose of factor analysis is to summarize the information contained in a large number of variables into as large a number of factors as possible.

Question 11

Factor analysis accomplishes data reduction by capturing means from many variables with a single variate.

Question 12

A factor loading indicates how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor.

Question 13

The common variance is the source of variance that is common to all variables.

Question 14

Latent constructs can be observed directly.

Question 15

Factor rotation is a mathematical way of simplifying factor results.

Question 16

A factor is an underlying dimension that helps understand the nature of the variables in a data set.

Question 17

Factor rotation produces more obvious patterns of loadings.

Question 18

The most common rule for extracting factors in factor analysis is to base the number of factors on the number of eigenvalues greater than 5.0

Question 19

Composite factor scores are numbers that represent an individual respondent's score on each individual latent factor.

Question 20

A data reduction technique allows a researcher to summarize information from many variables into a reduced set of variables.

Question 21

All of the following are examples of interdependence methods of analysis EXCEPT ____.

A)factor analysis
B)cluster analysis
C)principal components analysis
D)multiple regression analysis

Question 22

A(n)____ is a number of observations sharing characteristics associated with some outcome of interest.

A)factor loading
B)dimension
C)segment
D)factor

Question 23

A researcher who is uncertain about the number of factors and which variables belong to each factor might pursue ____.

A)statistical analysis
B)regression analysis
C)exploratory factor analysis
D)composite analysis

Question 24

Which multivariate analysis statistically identifies a reduced number of underlying dimensions from a larger number of measured variables?

A)factor analysis
B)regression
C)discriminant analysis
D)logit analysis

Question 25

The correlation between a variable and any factor is called a ____.

A)factor loading
B)dimension
C)segment
D)factor

Question 26

Cluster analysis is an important tool for identifying market segments.

Question 27

A scree plot provides a mathematical calculation that indicates where the addition of one more factor adds little additional common variance.

Question 28

A researcher who seeks a simple solution that still maintains sufficient meaning to represent reality is seeking ____.

A)factor loading
B)parsimony
C)latency
D)composite factor scoring

Question 29

A researcher has 57 variables in a large dataset and wishes to summarize the information from them into a reduced set of variables.Which multivariate technique should be used?

A)factor analysis
B)multidimensional scaling
C)logit analysis
D)regression analysis

Question 30

In cluster analysis,the researcher wants clusters to have high ____ within-clusters and high between-cluster ____.

A)independence;dependence
B)significance;insignificance
C)heterogeneity;homogeneity
D)homogeneity;heterogeneity

Question 31

The mathematical way of further simplifying factor results that involves new reference axes for a set of variables is called ____.

A)factor loading
B)factor reduction
C)factor rotation
D)factor analysis

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of an interdependence analysis method?

A)factor analysis
B)multiple regression analysis
C)conjoint analysis
D)logistic regression

Question 33

The two basic groups of multivariate techniques are ____.

A)dependence methods and interdependence methods
B)primary methods and secondary methods
C)simple methods and complex methods
D)partial methods and complete methods

Question 34

Which measure indicates how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor?

A)factor β
B)discriminator
C)factor link
D)factor loading

Question 35

Cluster analysis identifies objects or individuals that are similar to one another in some respect.

Question 36

In factor analysis,what does the researcher seek during data reduction?

A)statistical significance
B)latency
C)parsimony
D)construct validity

Question 37

Underlying meanings that help provide structure to common observations are called ____.

A)factor loadings
B)dimensions
C)segments
D)factors

Question 38

A(n)____ is an unobservable phenomenon that can be inferred from multiple measures.

A)factor loading
B)parsimonious segment
C)latent construct
D)composite factor scoring

Question 39

A scree plot graphs eigenvalues against the number of factors.

Question 40

Cross-loadings exist in a solution with simple structure.

Question 41

Which method provides a visual clue to where the addition of one more factor adds little additional common variance?

A)factor loading
B)logistic regression
C)scree plot
D)y bar plot

Question 42

Which type of variance is characterized by communality?

A)common variance
B)specific variance
C)error variance
D)systematic variance

Question 43

The best single tool for assessing construct validity is ____.

A)confirmatory factor analysis
B)regression analysis
C)exploratory factor analysis
D)composite analysis

Question 44

Which method is commonly used to reduce the number of variables that need to be included in a regression analysis?

A)logistic regression
B)ordinary least squares
C)bootstrapping
D)factor analysis

Question 45

Which term is used when a variable has relatively high correlations with more than one factor?

A)cluster
B)scree plot
C)simple structure
D)cross-loading

Question 46

Which term is used for results that neatly line up variables with only a single factor?

A)cluster
B)scree plot
C)simple structure
D)cross-loading

Question 47

An individual respondent's scores on each individual latent factor are represented by ____ scores.

A)factor loading
B)factor reduction
C)composite factor
D)latent construct

Question 48

The two types of multivariate techniques are ____________________ methods and ____________________ methods.

Question 49

Which factor rotation technique produces factors that represent the degree of correlation among factors?

A)factor loading
B)varimax
C)minmax
D)promax

Question 50

The purpose of ____________________ analysis is to summarize information in a large number of variables into a smaller number of factors.

Question 51

Which statistical technique identifies components based on all three sources of variance?

A)factor loading
B)principal components analysis
C)logistic regression
D)multiple linear regression

Question 52

Multivariate techniques that try to group things together are known as ____________________ methods.

Question 53

Which type of variance is unique to each individual variable?

A)common variance
B)specific variance
C)error variance
D)systematic variance

Question 54

An indication of how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor is given by the ____________________.

Question 55

Which factor rotation technique maintains a 90-degree angle between all factors?

A)factor loading
B)varimax
C)minmax
D)promax

Question 56

Which variance is indicated for the composite scale of four items with the following loadings: 0.7,-0.7,0.8,0.9?

A)0.61
B)0.73
C)1.72
D)3.48

Question 57

One of the most widely used tools for assigning observations to groups in cluster analysis is ____.

A)cross-loadings
B)K-means
C)promax
D)latent construct

Question 58

The most common type of factor rotation is ____.

A)factor loading
B)varimax
C)minmax
D)promax

Question 59

Which type of variance is external to variables and may include factors such as faulty measurement?

A)common variance
B)specific variance
C)error variance
D)systematic variance

Question 60

A mathematical way of simplifying factor results that involves a new reference axes for the data that produces more obvious patterns of loadings is ____________________.

Question 61

A(n)____________________ graphs eigenvalues against the number of factors.

Question 62

Multivariate statistics that make no distinction between independent and dependent variables and seek to identify the underlying structure of a set of data are known as ____________________ techniques.

Question 63

What are the two important pieces of information that exploratory factor analysis provides?

Question 64

Describe factor analysis.

Question 65

Explain how cluster analysis can identify market segments.

Question 66

Underlying meanings that help provide structure to common observations are referred to as ____________________.

Question 67

In factor analysis,the most common decision is to retain the number of factors that display an eigenvalue of at least ____________________.

Question 68

In cluster analysis,____________________ is among the most widely used tools for assigning observations to groups.

Question 69

Discuss the purpose of interdependence techniques.List the statistical techniques that can be used for this method.

Question 70

Discuss the three purposes for factor analysis and the corresponding analytical approach for each.

Question 71

In a big data environment,data ____________________ is a key goal.

Question 72

Cluster analysis,discriminant analysis,and logistic regression all represent ____________________ techniques.

Question 73

Cluster analysis seeks to put observations with low distance scores into the ____________________ group.

Question 74

A number of observations sharing characteristics associated with some outcome of interest is referred to as a(n)____________________.

Question 75

The first step in cluster analysis is determining how many ____________________ to analyze.