Deck 7: B: Memory

Question 1

Essay questions,fill-in-the-blanks,and the recitation of poems all measure memory through

A) relearning.
B) recognition.
C) recall.
D) retroactive redintegration.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The ability to predict beforehand whether one will be able to remember something is called

A) déjà vu.
B) episodic memory.
C) consolidation.
D) the feeling of knowing.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Tests that require verbatim (word-for-word)answers are measuring memory through

A) relearning.
B) recognition.
C) recall.
D) redintegration.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Three commonly used methods of measuring memory are

A) recall, recognition, and relearning.
B) redintegration, recognition, and constructive processing.
C) iconic, echoic, and tactile.
D) spaced practice, massed practice, and consolidation.

Question 5

Which of the following ways of measuring memory involves supplying or reproducing memorized information with a minimum of external cues?

A) relearning
B) recognition
C) recall
D) redintegration

Question 6

Which of the following methods of measuring memory is being used when a student is required to recite poetry or the lines of a famous play verbatim?

A) recognition
B) relearning
C) recall
D) serial position

Question 7

Recall,recognition,and relearning are three commonly used

A) methods of measuring memory.
B) mnemonic devices.
C) types of rehearsal.
D) states of forgetting.

Question 8

Information is remembered,without explicit cues or stimuli,and often verbatim,when which of the following is used to measure memory?

A) recall
B) recognition
C) relearning
D) redintegration

Question 9

Déjà vu,the experience that you have previously experienced a new situation,is an example of

A) semantic memory.
B) eidetic imagery.
C) lucid dreaming.
D) partial memory.

Question 10

The illusion that you have already experienced a new situation that you are actually seeing for the first time is called

A) redintegration.
B) eidetic imagery.
C) a flashbulb memory.
D) déjà vu.

Question 11

Rogelio recognizes a theme song from a popular television show,but he is unable to remember the name of the show.He is experiencing

A) memory decay.
B) memory displacement.
C) the tip-of-the-tongue state.
D) encoding failure.

Question 12

You are watching a popular TV game show; and one of the contestants is about to solve the puzzle.You can tell by the look on his face and by the tone of his voice that he will give the right answer.You were observing the contestant's

A) tip-of-tongue state.
B) feeling of knowing.
C) elaborative processing.
D) redintegration.

Question 13

Your first psychology quiz consists of 20 fill-in-the-blank questions on the history of psychology.This test is measuring memory by

A) recall.
B) recognition.
C) relearning.
D) redintegration.

Question 14

Déjà vu experiences feel familiar but yet strange because

A) redintegration has occurred and obscured most of the memory.
B) elaborative processing obscured the original memory.
C) repression is only partially able to block the memory from your awareness.
D) a past memory was retrieved but was too weak to yield adequate details.

Question 15

A history exam that requires students to "Discuss economic factors that contributed to World War I" is measuring

A) recognition.
B) recall.
C) relearning.
D) serial position.

Question 16

You and your husband go to the movies.About 20 minutes into the movie,he asks you who that actress is that just came on the screen and if she is on some television show you watch.You know that you know her name but you just cannot recall it.This illustrates

A) the savings score.
B) suppression state.
C) encoding failure.
D) the tip-of-the tongue state.

Question 17

When a new experience triggers the retrieval of a past experience without yielding any of the details,this new experience seems familiar even though the older memory is too weak to rise to the level of awareness.This experience is known as

A) déjà vu.
B) eidetic imagery.
C) lucid dreaming.
D) a sane hallucination.

Question 18

You are playing a trivia game on the computer when the category of "American Presidents" comes up.Having just taken an exam on this subject,you smile as you read the first question and the correct answer immediately "pops" in your head even before the four answers appear from which you will choose.You are experiencing

A) memory consolidation.
B) the feeling of knowing.
C) elaborative processing.
D) déjà vu.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used method of measuring memory?

A) recall
B) redintegration
C) recognition
D) relearning

Question 20

Essay questions tend to be more difficult than multiple choice because with an essay question,

A) there are more cues to stimulate memory.
B) recall is required rather than recognition.
C) there is more proactive inhibition.
D) there is often retroactive encoding failure.

Question 21

Although Jordan practiced the poem several times,when he performed in front of his English class,he remembered the beginning and the end but forgot the middle.This pattern of forgetting illustrates the __________ effect.

A) serial position
B) attentional
C) ordering
D) consolidation

Question 22

If you witnessed a crime and were asked to pick out the person who committed this crime from a lineup,your memory was being tested using

A) eidetic imagery.
B) relearning.
C) recall.
D) recognition.

Question 23

According to the serial position effect,you are most likely to forget which items on a list?

A) first
B) middle
C) last
D) first and last

Question 24

Naming Santa's reindeer with no hints or clues is measuring memory by

A) serial position.
B) relearning.
C) recall.
D) recognition.

Question 25

In his graduation speech,Donald did well at the beginning and end of the speech,but faltered in remembering the information he wanted to express during the middle section of his speech.This is an example of the __________ effect.

A) ordering
B) attentional
C) serial position
D) consolidation

Question 26

Naming the seven dwarfs with no hints or clues involves measuring memory by

A) serial position.
B) relearning.
C) recall.
D) recognition.

Question 27

When learning an ordered list of words,which items will be remembered well because they enter an "empty" short-term memory,which allows you to rehearse the items so they move into long-term memory?

A) first
B) middle
C) last
D) none of these items

Question 28

On the reading comprehension test,a student reads a sentence and then the examiner turns the page and asks the student to select which picture out of four best illustrates what he or she read.The student's memory for what was read is being tested using

A) recall.
B) relearning.
C) recognition.
D) redintegration.

Question 29

Remembering the first and last items of a list better than items in the middle is due to

A) the tip-of-the-tongue state.
B) redintegration.
C) the serial position effect.
D) the pseudo-memory effect.

Question 30

In a classic study on memory,the researcher showed people 2,560 photographs at a rate of one every ten seconds.Each person was then shown 280 pairs of photographs with each pair having an "old" picture (from the first set of photos)and a similar "new" image.The subjects could tell which photograph they had seen before in what percent of the paired photographs?

A) only 5 percent
B) 15 to 25 percent
C) 45 to 55 percent
D) 85 to 95 percent

Question 31

Multiple choice and matching questions involve measuring memory through

A) recognition.
B) recall.
C) relearning.
D) retroactive redintegration.

Question 32

Regarding methods of measuring memory,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Recognition memory can be amazingly accurate for pictures and photographs.
B) Recall is usually superior to recognition.
C) Witnesses who disagree when they try to recall a suspect's height, weight, age, or eye color often agree completely when they merely need to recognize the person.
D) Many hundreds of people have been put in jail on the basis of mistaken eye witness memories.

Question 33

Twenty years after graduating,a subject is able to correctly "pick out" photographs of students she attended high school with from a larger group of strangers.To do so she has used

A) recall.
B) recognition.
C) eidetic imagery.
D) reminiscence.

Question 34

You witness a crime,and the police ask you to describe in detail what you saw.The memory test being utilized in this instance is

A) recognition.
B) relearning.
C) recall.
D) eidetic.

Question 35

When learning an ordered list of words,which items will be remembered well because these items are still in short-term memory when you try to remember them?

A) first
B) middle
C) last
D) none of these items

Question 36

Regarding the accuracy of recognition,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Recognition is always superior to recall.
B) Recognition is superior to recall when the distractors used are dissimilar to the correct item.
C) Recognition is superior to recall when the distractors used are similar to the correct item.
D) Recognition is always inferior to recall.

Question 37

When learning an ordered list of words,which items are neither held in short-term memory nor moved to long-term memory,so they are often lost?

A) first
B) middle
C) last
D) first and last

Question 38

A subject learns a list of words.The next day,she is given a long list of words and asked to underline the ones she learned the day before.This type of task illustrates

A) serial recall.
B) recognition.
C) paired-associate learning.
D) free recall.

Question 39

A research participant is asked to memorize a list of words.The next day,this participant is asked to write all the words on a piece of paper that she can remember were on the list.This type of task illustrates the measurement of memory through

A) serial position.
B) recall.
C) relearning.
D) recognition.

Question 40

The ability to correctly identify previously learned information is known as __________ memory.

A) recall
B) recognition
C) relearning
D) redintegration

Question 41

If distractors are very similar to the correct item on a multiple choice test,

A) there will be a lack of recognition for the information.
B) a false sense of recognition may occur for the information.
C) the serial position effect is likely to occur, regarding the information.
D) redintegration is likely to occur, regarding the information.

Question 42

Geraldine witnesses a robbery in the parking lot at her college.At the police station,she is shown one photo at a time of possible suspects and is asked if this is the person she saw.Geraldine is undergoing a

A) false positive interrogation.
B) sequential lineup.
C) serial position lineup.
D) cognitive interview.

Question 43

Instances have occurred in which witnesses described a criminal as black,tall,or young; and then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites,the only tall suspect,or the only young person.Having situations like this would produce

A) the serial position effect.
B) false positives.
C) proactive interference.
D) memory consolidation.

Question 44

The false items that are included with the correct answer to be recognized are known as

A) trick responses.
B) false icons.
C) mnemonics.
D) distractors.

Question 45

On a multiple choice test,if only one choice looks like it could be correct among the other dissimilar distractors,

A) there will be a lack of recognition for the information.
B) a false sense of recognition may occur for the information.
C) the serial position effect is likely to occur, regarding the information.
D) redintegration is likely to occur, regarding the information.

Question 46

Which of the following is the most sensitive test of memory?

A) recall
B) relearning
C) recognition
D) redintegration

Question 47

Regarding the sensitivity of the various measures of memory,the correct order from most sensitive memory measure to the least sensitive is

A) relearning, recognition, recall.
B) relearning, recall, recognition.
C) recognition, recall, relearning.
D) recall, relearning, recognition.

Question 48

In a classic experiment,a psychologist read a short passage in Greek to his son every day when the boy was between 15 months and 3 years of age.At age 8,he was asked to recall the passage,to recognize the passage,and later to memorize the original quotations and others of equal difficulty.The results of the experiment showed that the boy was

A) able to recall the passage at age eight.
B) able to recognize the passage when presented with the original passage and other Greek passages.
C) able to exhibit evidence of relearning by memorizing the original passage 25 percent faster than the other Greek passages.
D) unable to do any of these three memory tasks.

Question 49

Ricky is taking a multiple choice test in which the distractors for every item are very dissimilar to the correct answers for these items.Ricky will most likely experience

A) a lack of recognition.
B) false positives.
C) the serial position effect.
D) retroactive redintegration.

Question 50

In which method of measuring memory is a savings score used to demonstrate the retention of information?

A) recognition
B) recall
C) relearning
D) redintegration

Question 51

Cory is a new teacher and has had very little experience writing multiple choice questions.So,on a question asking for the "father of psychology," he listed Wilhelm Wundt and three women psychologists as the possible responses.This type of question would most likely produce

A) the serial position effect.
B) a false positive.
C) proactive interference.
D) excellent recall memory.

Question 52

You are asked to learn the information presented in a psychology chapter,and you study for four hours.Then three months later,you are asked to study the same chapter information,and you finish your study in only two hours.In this case,your memory of having learned this information three months ago is shown through

A) relearning.
B) recognition.
C) recall.
D) redintegration.

Question 53

In a classic experiment,a psychologist read a short passage in Greek to his son every day when the boy was between 15 months and 3 years of age.At age 8,he was asked to recall the passage,to recognize the passage,and later to memorize the original quotations and others of equal difficulty.Which of the following was the most sensitive measure of memory in this study?

A) recall
B) recognition
C) relearning
D) redintegration

Question 54

In relearning,the amount remembered is measured by the

A) number of items recalled.
B) savings score.
C) confidence level of the subject.
D) time it takes to recall all items.

Question 55

The occurrence of false positives during police lineups can be minimized by all of the following techniques EXCEPT for

A) having all the distractors look like the person witnesses described.
B) warning witnesses that the culprit may not be present in the lineup.
C) using very dissimilar distractors to aid recognition.
D) using a sequential lineup in which one photo at a time is shown.

Question 56

Tests of memory based upon relearning use which of the following to demonstrate the retention of what was previously learned?

A) recognition score
B) the curve of forgetting
C) redintegration score
D) savings score

Question 57

When conducting a police line-up,it is best to have all the distractors look like the person witnesses described and also to warn the witnesses that the suspect may not be present in the line-up.These steps will reduce the occurrence of

A) false positives.
B) proactive interference.
C) the serial position effect.
D) memory consolidation.

Question 58

Nicky is taking a multiple choice test in which the distractors for every item are very similar to the correct answers for these items.Nicky will most likely experience

A) a lack of recognition.
B) false positives.
C) the serial position effect.
D) retroactive redintegration.

Question 59

If you witnessed a crime and were asked to pick out the person who committed the crime from a lineup of six people,the other five people are called

A) savings.
B) distractors.
C) primers.
D) false positives.

Question 60

Sequential lineups in which one photo at a time is shown to the witness can reduce the occurrence of

A) false positives.
B) proactive interference.
C) the serial position effect.
D) memory consolidation.

Question 61

The type of memory which a person does not know exists and which is retrieved unconsciously is called __________ memory.

A) explicit
B) implicit
C) eidetic
D) flash-bulb

Question 62

In an experiment,it takes you one hour to memorize all the terms on a list.Two years later you relearn them in 45 minutes.The time difference of 15 minutes,or 25 percent (15 divided by 60 times 100),is called the

A) recognition score.
B) curve of forgetting.
C) redintegration score.
D) savings score.

Question 63

You worked for 10 years after high school and have now decided to go back to college.One of the courses you will be taking first semester is World Civilization.You had World History when you were in tenth grade.However,as you go through your college history class,you realize that you are learning this material very quickly because you must have retained memories from your high school history class.This story illustrates

A) recall.
B) constructive processing.
C) recognition.
D) relearning.

Question 64

Which of the following measures of memory would provide the greatest evidence of learning years after a student has completed a course?

A) redintegration
B) recognition
C) recall
D) relearning

Question 65

Recall,recognition,and the tests you take in school rely on __________ memories.

A) primed
B) implicit
C) explicit
D) eidetic

Question 66

When persons are able to recall apparently forgotten memories after being given several letters or a partial figure,which of the following has occurred?

A) priming
B) chunking
C) convergence
D) eidetic imagery

Question 67

The type of memory which a person is aware of having and that is consciously retrieved is called __________ memory.

A) iconic
B) explicit
C) implicit
D) eidetic

Question 68

If someone asks you to name all the teachers that you had in elementary school and you are able to remember their names,you have just exhibited __________ memory.

A) implicit
B) semantic
C) contextual
D) explicit

Question 69

Which type of memories are revealed through the use of priming?

A) echoic
B) episodic
C) eidetic
D) implicit

Question 70

Which type of memory would be used to answer this multiple choice question?

A) implicit
B) explicit
C) episodic
D) contextual

Question 71

When students who go to graduate school have to brush up on a foreign language they learned before,they find it easier the second time around.This illustrates

A) redintegration.
B) recognition.
C) recall.
D) relearning.

Question 72

Activating implicit memories by providing partial information that has been previously linked with them is known as

A) priming.
B) chunking.
C) constructive processing.
D) eidetic imagery.

Question 73

Although it would be difficult for you to list in order the letters on the computer keyboard,you have no difficulty in typing any letter called out by the teacher.This illustrates __________ memory.

A) eidetic
B) implicit
C) explicit
D) flash-bulb

Question 74

Which of the following psychologists pioneered the scientific study of forgetting using nonsense syllables and plotted the curve of forgetting?

A) Herman Ebbinghaus
B) Elizabeth Loftus
C) Karl Lashley
D) George Sperling

Question 75

After memorization,most forgetting tends to occur

A) immediately.
B) two days to five days.
C) one to two weeks.
D) six months to one year.

Question 76

A good reason for studying a wide range of subjects in high school and in college is the time and effort you will save because you will be able to do which of the following more quickly later on when you need this information?

A) undergo proactive recognition
B) completely recall the information
C) relearn the material
D) undergo retroactive interference

Question 77

While studying memory loss caused by brain injuries,psychologists found that the patients,who could not explicitly recall words presented earlier,would actually say these words unconsciously when asked to say any word that begins with a certain letter.Being able to tap into memories that the patients were unaware they had by giving them the first letter of a word illustrates the use of

A) eidetic imaging.
B) recoding.
C) internal imaging.
D) priming.

Question 78

Marisa read a short vignette about a deer wandering through a forest in her English class.Later that day,she was working the puzzle in the newspaper,which required her to unscramble the letters TARIL to form a word.The first answer that pops into her head was the word trail.Marisa's experience illustrates the power of

A) chunking.
B) priming.
C) sensory memory.
D) eidetic imagery.

Question 79

You are taking a math exam,and you are actively searching through the information stored in your memory to come up with the formulas to answer the questions.You are using your __________ memory.

A) explicit
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) contextual

Question 80

You are taking a psychology course on-line.It takes you two hours to successfully pass the module on classical conditioning concepts.However,you have to withdraw from the class due to work responsibilities.The next semester,you take the psychology course on-line again,but this time it only takes one hour to go through the module on classical conditioning.This one-hour difference is referred to as the ___________ score.

A) recognition
B) proactive retention
C) redintegration
D) savings