Deck 10: B: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Regarding sex as a biological motive,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Most psychologists believe that sex is necessary for individual survival.
B) In lower mammals, a normal male is almost always ready to mate.
C) In lower mammals, the normal female is interested in mating only when their fertility cycles are in the stage of estrus.
D) In lower animals, the sex drive is directly related to hormones.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Estrus is caused by a release of which sex hormone into the bloodstream?

A) androgen
B) noradrenaline
C) oxytocin
D) estrogen

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The strength of one's motivation to engage in sexual behavior is referred to as one's

A) sexual script.
B) excitement phase.
C) sex drive.
D) orgasmic function.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Regarding the human sex drive,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The human sex drive is not necessary for individual survival, but is necessary for the survival of the human species.
B) The human sex drive refers to one's sexual orientation and the type of sexual behaviors one engages in.
C) The human sex drive is cyclic and homeostatic.
D) The human sex drive shows a clear relationship to deprivation, that is, the amount of time that has passed since the drive was last satisfied.

Question 5

The period during which female animals are sexually receptive is called

A) mensis.
B) estrus.
C) hormonal readiness.
D) androgyny.

Question 6

Regarding sex as a biological motive,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A) Sex is necessary for individual survival.
B) Sex is necessary for group survival.
C) The human sex drive is largely homeostatic.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 7

That members of some societies endure cutting,burning,whipping,and piercing of the skin that would be agonizing to most people is best explained by a difference in pain tolerance that is due to

A) the age and gender of the persons.
B) the differences in body chemistry.
C) the learned attitudes of different cultures.
D) whether the pain avoidance is episodic or cyclic.

Question 8

Regarding the human sex drive,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The human sex drive is less affected by hormones than the sex drive of lower animals.
B) The human sex drive is non-homeostatic.
C) The human sex drive is necessary for individual survival.
D) The human sex drive does not show a clear relationship to deprivation, that is, the amount of time that has passed since the drive was last satisfied.

Question 9

If a parent told a child to be strong and not to cry when the child got hurt,the parent might be trying to

A) decrease the child's tolerance for pain.
B) increase the child's tolerance for pain.
C) make the pain episodic.
D) control the cyclic nature of the pain.

Question 10

LaTara has a high pain tolerance,while Janae has a low pain tolerance.The difference is most likely due to

A) the type of pain each is enduring.
B) differences in their body chemistry.
C) the attitudes they learned by observing role models.
D) whether the pain avoidance is episodic or cyclic.

Question 11

Which sex hormones are primarily responsible for the male sex drive,but also play a role in the female sex drive?

A) endorphins
B) androgens
C) estrogens
D) adrenalines

Question 12

Regarding pain tolerance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In general, we learn how to react to pain by observing family members' reactions to pain.
B) Pain avoidance is considered a stimulus motive.
C) Pain avoidance is episodic.
D) Pain prompts us to avoid or to eliminate sources of discomfort.

Question 13

In lower animals,the male's sex drive is primarily aroused by the

A) rise in testosterone levels that occurs on a homeostatic cycle.
B) rise in endorphin levels that occur during the male's sexual cycle.
C) behavior and scent of a receptive female.
D) period during sexual maturation known as androgyny.

Question 14

Regarding the effects of hormones on the human sex drive,which of the following is FALSE?

A) Hormones affect the human sex drive, but not as directly as in lower animals.
B) The sex drive in women is related to both their estrogen and androgen levels.
C) Testosterone levels decline with age; and taking testosterone supplements can restore the sex drive in both men and women.
D) The human sex drive is largely homeostatic and dependent on bodily need states.

Question 15

Regarding the human sex drive,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The sex drive in human females is directly tied to her menstrual cycle.
B) The human sex drive is homeostatic.
C) The sex drive in humans can be aroused at virtually any time by almost anything.
D) Recent sexual activity prevents sexual desire from occurring again until after a certain amount of deprivation time has occurred.

Question 16

Which of the following terms refers to the changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating and is particularly used to refer to females "in heat"?

A) estrus
B) mensis
C) hormonal readiness
D) androgyny

Question 17

The term "sex drive" refers to

A) a person's openness to a variety of sexual activities.
B) a person's degree of motivation to engage in sexual behavior.
C) a person's level of sexual experience.
D) the frequency of sexual activity.

Question 18

Regarding sex as a biological motive,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Sex is homeostatic and necessary for individual survival.
B) In most animals, castration will abolish the sex drive.
C) In lower mammals, the sex drive of the male is primarily aroused by the behavior and scent of a receptive female.
D) In lower mammals, the normal female is interested in mating only when their fertility cycles are in the stage of estrus, or "heat."

Question 19

Androgens affect the sex drive in

A) men only.
B) women only.
C) both men and women.
D) neither men nor women.

Question 20

In lower animals,the release of the female sex hormone into the bloodstream,makes the female receptive to having sex with this period being referred to as

A) mensis.
B) estrus.
C) menopause.
D) androgyny.

Question 21

Which of the following refers to the motivation of the body and the nervous system?

A) bio-stimulation
B) organic initiation
C) estrus
D) arousal

Question 22

A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or bodily need states is referred to as

A) homeostatic.
B) non-homeostatic.
C) cyclic.
D) primary.

Question 23

Monkeys will happily open locks that are placed in their cages.Because no reward is given for this activity,their opening of the locks provides evidence for the existence of

A) stimulus motives.
B) cyclic drives.
C) biological motives.
D) deprivation incentives.

Question 24

A cat caged in complete darkness learns to press a lever to briefly turn on a light.In terms of the cat's motivation,the light serves as a(n)

A) stimulus motive.
B) cyclic drive.
C) biological motive.
D) deprivation incentives.

Question 25

After an animal is allowed to copulate until it has no further interest,it will resume sexual activity when a new partner is provided.This is called

A) a stimulus need.
B) a neo-cyclic drive.
C) the Coolidge effect.
D) the Estrus effect.

Question 26

The need for information,exploration,manipulation,and sensory input are closely related to

A) acquired needs.
B) deprivation incentives.
C) biological motives.
D) stimulus motives.

Question 27

For most normal daily activities,arousal is

A) zero.
B) low.
C) moderate.
D) high.

Question 28

Regarding arousal and stimulus motives,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Your level of arousal is closely linked with your motivation.
B) According to the arousal theory, we try to keep arousal at the highest level possible during the time we are awake.
C) Stimulus motives are considered homeostatic.
D) Because of stimulus motives, animals will work at tasks where no visible external reward is given.

Question 29

At death,arousal is

A) zero.
B) low.
C) moderate.
D) at its highest.

Question 30

Regarding the sex drive and Coolidge Effect,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The Coolidge Effect demonstrates the homeostatic quality of the sex drive.
B) The Coolidge is the pattern of behavior shown by male animals whereby they show higher sexual activity once a new sexual partner is introduced.
C) The Coolidge effect was named after former U.S.President Calvin Coolidge.
D) Since people may seek to arouse the sex drive as well as to reduce it, this quality makes the sex drive capable of motivating a wide range of behaviors.

Question 31

The position that there is an ideal level of arousal for various activities and that individuals attempt to keep arousal near this ideal level is called the

A) arousal theory.
B) activation hypothesis.
C) equilibration hypothesis.
D) biorhythm theory.

Question 32

Concerning stimulus motives,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Both humans and other animals exhibit stimulus motives.
B) Stimulus motives explain our need for new forms of entertainment.
C) Stimulus motives help us survive by identifying sources of food, shelter, and danger.
D) Stimulus motives usually develop in humans around age four or five.

Question 33

Regarding stimulus motives,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Stimulus motives are homeostatic.
B) Stimulus motives have been observed only in humans.
C) Stimulus motives include our needs for exploration and manipulation.
D) The drive for stimulation is already present during infancy.

Question 34

Regarding the human sex drive,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In humans, the sex drive can be aroused at virtually any time by almost anything.
B) The Coolidge effect regarding the non-homeostatic quality of the sex drive was named after former U.S.President Calvin Coolidge.
C) The strength of the sex drive is directly related to deprivation, or the amount of time since the drive was last satisfied.
D) People may seek to arouse the sex drive as well as to reduce it.

Question 35

During sleep,arousal is

A) zero.
B) low.
C) moderate.
D) high.

Question 36

Regarding arousal and stimulus motives,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A) Stimulus motives are considered non-homeostatic.
B) When your level of arousal is too low or too high, you will seek ways to raise or lower it.
C) Stimulus motives include our needs for power and achievement.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 37

Which of the following drives is non-homeostatic?

A) hunger
B) thirst
C) sleep
D) sex

Question 38

The human sex drive,unlike hunger and thirst,

A) shows no clear relationship to deprivation.
B) is non-homeostatic.
C) is unusual in that its arousal is sought as well as its reduction.
D) is characterized by all of these.

Question 39

According to arousal theory,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) An individual becomes uncomfortable when arousal is too low or too high.
B) The right mix of activities prevents boredom and overstimulation.
C) The arousal theory explains the activation of our learned needs for achievement and power.
D) Most adults vary their activities to keep arousal at a comfortable level of activation.

Question 40

During times of excitement or panic,arousal is

A) zero.
B) moderate.
C) high.
D) chaotic.

Question 41

Jeremiah is a college sophomore,who most people would characterize as bold and independent.He has dated many women without making a serious commitment.Jeremiah has been smoking since high school and prefers spicy,sour,and crunchy food.Jeremiah would most likely be described as

A) self-actualized.
B) intrinsically motivated.
C) having a need for power.
D) high in sensation seeking.

Question 42

Persons high in sensation seeking tend to be more likely to

A) smoke.
B) engage in substance abuse.
C) engage in casual unprotected sex.
D) do all of these.

Question 43

Vicki is a college freshman,who most people would characterize as orderly,kind,and giving.She enjoys going out to eat with her friends,although she does not enjoy the spicy foods that they keep wanting her to try.Vicki would most likely be described as

A) introverted-perceptive.
B) extrinsically motivated.
C) low in sensation seeking.
D) self-actualized.

Question 44

On the day of the test,Eddie was very sleepy,while Petra was in a state of panic about the test.According to the arousal theory,

A) both Eddie and Petra will probably perform well on the test, since test-taking is not influenced by arousal levels.
B) both Eddie and Petra will probably perform well since they are both functioning at their optimal arousal levels.
C) both Eddie and Petra will probably perform poorly on the test, because his arousal is too low and hers is too high.
D) Petra will probably perform well since she is focused, while Eddie will probably perform poorly due to a low arousal level.

Question 45

Persons low in sensation seeking tend to

A) enjoy the company of others.
B) be more likely to smoke.
C) prefer sour and crunchy foods.
D) be more likely to engage in casual unprotected sex.

Question 46

People who prefer high levels of stimulation,such as bungee-jumping or cage diving with the great white sharks,are said to have the trait of

A) extrinsic motivation.
B) intense drive reduction.
C) high sensation seeking.
D) intrinsic motivation.

Question 47

People who are orderly,nurturant,and giving,and tend to enjoy the company of others would be characterized as being

A) self-actualized.
B) high achievers.
C) high sensation seekers.
D) low sensation seekers.

Question 48

Twyla is a young adult,but has always seemed "older and more settled." Although she has always had a lot of friends,they know that she is not the type to experiment with drugs or "get drunk" and do something foolish.Twyla would most likely be described as

A) introverted-perceptive.
B) extrinsically motivated.
C) self-actualized.
D) low in sensation seeking.

Question 49

Persons high in sensation seeking tend to

A) be independent and value change.
B) orderly and enjoy the company of others.
C) be nurturant and giving.
D) exhibit all of these characteristics.

Question 50

Debbie would be described as a person who is bold,independent,and is comfortable with change.She loves to travel to new and exotic places as well as participating in exciting activities,such as snowboarding and scuba diving.Debbie would be described as

A) having a need for power.
B) intrinsically motivated.
C) high in sensation seeking.
D) self-actualized.

Question 51

Which of the following tend to be bold and independent,to value change,to be more likely to smoke and to have more sexual partners,and to prefer spicy,sour,and crunchy foods?

A) self-actualized persons
B) high achievers
C) high sensation seekers
D) low sensation seekers

Question 52

If we set aside individual differences,most people perform best on most daily tasks when their arousal level is

A) high.
B) moderate.
C) low.
D) at the zero stress level.

Question 53

Regarding sensation seeking,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) People learn to seek particular levels of arousal.
B) Whether you are high or low in sensation seeking is probably based on how your body responds to new, unusual, or intense stimulation.
C) High sensation seekers are orderly, nurturant, and giving, and enjoy the company of others.
D) High sensation seekers are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors such as substance abuse and casual unprotected sex.

Question 54

In general,effective performance for most people is shown by a(n)

A) U-shaped curve, illustrating performance is best when arousal is either high or low.
B) inverted U, illustrating performance is best when arousal level is moderate.
C) slope, illustrating performance is better when arousal is high and worse when arousal is low.
D) horizontal line, illustrating performance is best when arousal is very low to zero.

Question 55

Jordan plays his two new video games every day.After a month of continually playing these games,Jordan starts finding these games boring and wants some new ones.Jordan's behavior is consistent with which theory of motivation?

A) arousal theory
B) Cannon-Bard theory
C) drive reduction theory
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 56

Which of the following explains that at very low levels of arousal we are not sufficiently energized to perform well with performance improving as our arousal level increases but decreasing as we become too aroused,emotional,frenzied,or disorganized?

A) the normal curve function
B) the hierarchy of needs
C) the sensation seeking trait
D) the inverted-U function

Question 57

Darrius is a college student,who enjoys going to wild,"uninhibited" parties and getting high on marijuana.He also enjoys riding his motorcycle fast and wants to be an EMT after college.Darrius would most likely be described as

A) having a need for power.
B) intrinsically motivated.
C) high in sensation seeking.
D) self-actualized.

Question 58

Most adults try to vary their activities to maintain which level of arousal?

A) zero
B) high
C) low
D) moderate

Question 59

The inverted U function describes the relationship between

A) deprivation and sex drive.
B) stimulation and curiosity.
C) arousal and performance.
D) reinforcement and performance.

Question 60

Jan and her husband Dean are going on a vacation to the beach.Jan wants to lie on the beach and read a good book,while Dean wants to scuba dive and surf.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Jan is self-actualized, while Dean is fixated at an earlier stage of development.
B) Jan is fixated at an earlier stage of development, while Dean is self-actualized.
C) Jan is a high sensation seeker, while Dean is a low sensation seeker.
D) Jan is a low sensation seeker, while Dean is a high sensation seeker.

Question 61

Which of the following theories suggests that performance on tasks is best when the arousal is appropriate to the difficulty of the task?

A) James-Lange theory
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
C) Yerkes-Dodson Law
D) Schachter's two-factor theory

Question 62

You have a friend who freezes on tests.Which of the following effective remedies would be considered the MOST direct remedy or chief cure to combat test anxiety?

A) Take deep breaths and practice progressive muscle relaxation.
B) Overprepare by studying long before the test date.
C) Rehearse your reactions to a failure on this test.
D) Talk to a counselor or a trusted friend.

Question 63

Regarding test anxiety,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Test anxiety is a mixture of heightened physiological arousal and excessive worry.
B) Test anxiety tends to distract students with a rush of upsetting thoughts and feelings.
C) Students are typically more anxious when they do not know the material.
D) The lower their arousal level, the better most people perform on a test.

Question 64

The chief cure for test anxiety is

A) hard work through overpreparation.
B) thought suppression.
C) learning to relax.
D) discussing the problem with other students who also failed the test.

Question 65

Which of the following summarizes the relationships among arousal,task complexity,and performance?

A) James-Lange theory
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
C) Yerkes-Dodson Law
D) Schachter's two-factor theory

Question 66

When you are running on the track team in the "20-Yard Dash," your arousal level should be

A) at a zero level.
B) higher than normal.
C) maintained at a moderate level.
D) lower than normal.

Question 67

Test anxiety is a combination of

A) low arousal level and lack of focus.
B) low attention and literal interpretations.
C) overpreparation and excessive focus.
D) high arousal level and excessive worry.

Question 68

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law,optimum performance on tasks which are simple and direct occurs at levels of arousal that are

A) higher than normal.
B) lower than normal.
C) moderate.
D) almost zero.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a procedure students should use to reduce test anxiety?

A) Start studying earlier for a test.
B) Talk over your worries with others.
C) Try not to study too much or overprepare for the test.
D) Rehearse how you would handle "going blank" on a test.

Question 70

Jack has always suffered from test anxiety.This semester he began studying for his first psychology test over a week before the scheduled test.This overpreparation will most likely cause Jack to

A) have less test anxiety and score higher on the test.
B) have slightly more test anxiety and score lower on the test.
C) create excessive worry, but will not change his performance on the test.
D) feel extreme panic to the point of "going blank" on the test.

Question 71

Playing a difficult musical composition on the piano would require which level of arousal?

A) a zero level
B) a lower level than normal
C) maintaining a moderate level
D) a higher level than normal

Question 72

Kierra is about to take her first test in psychology.If she is feeling "test anxious" and her arousal level is very high,we can expect her

A) focus and attention to detail on the test to be high.
B) text anxiety to be due to overpreparation.
C) performance on the test to be low.
D) performance on the test to be very good.

Question 73

At the state fair,you enter a couple of different contests.The first is a blueberry pie eating contest,in which the person who eats the most pies in two minutes wins.The second is a 100-yard dash in which you must balance an egg on a spoon with one hand and in the other hand carry a tray with eight glasses on it,and the person who reaches the finish line first while not spilling either the egg or the glasses wins.Given your knowledge of the Yerkes-Dodson Law,your arousal should be

A) low for the pie eating contest and high for the egg-glasses race.
B) high for the pie eating contest and low for the egg-glasses race.
C) moderate for both contests.
D) high for both contests.

Question 74

Buford complains that he can play his tuba beautifully at home,but each time he tries to play at the local talent show,he sounds like a bull elk in rutting season.His problem is explained by

A) the Yerkes-Dodson Law.
B) the effects of homeostasis.
C) habituation.
D) biorhythms.

Question 75

Jumping rope very fast would require which level of arousal?

A) a zero level
B) a lower level than normal
C) maintaining a moderate level
D) a higher level than normal

Question 76

The technique for combating test anxiety,known as "rehearsal," involves

A) efforts to actively recall material in preparation for the exam.
B) repeating single words during the test to produce relaxation.
C) practice in dealing with possible test crises before taking the exam.
D) incorporating successful test-taking strategies of others in your own routine.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a good suggestion for reducing test anxiety?

A) Start studying earlier for a test and overprepare.
B) Restructure your thoughts through coping statements.
C) Keep your attention on the task, by focusing on one question at a time.
D) Do not talk to anyone about your fears, since this only increases your anxiety.

Question 78

"Sinking a putt" during the college golf tournament would require your arousal level to be

A) at a zero level.
B) higher than normal.
C) maintained at a moderate level.
D) lower than normal.

Question 79

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law,optimum performance for sensitive and complex tasks occurs at levels of arousal that are

A) higher than normal.
B) lower than normal.
C) moderate.
D) almost zero.

Question 80

Regarding arousal during testing,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Some arousal during testing is healthy because it helps focus students on the task at hand.
B) Only when arousal interferes with performance is it referred to as test anxiety.
C) Overpreparation is usually the main cause of test anxiety.
D) One of the best ways to avoid test anxiety is to improve one's study skills.