Deck 10: C: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Which of the following can be found buried within the temporal lobes on each side of the brain and provides quick processing of emotional stimuli and allows us to react involuntarily to danger?

A) pons
B) amygdala
C) corpus callosum
D) somatosensory cortex

Answer 1

B

Question 2

You were rushed to the emergency room an hour ago,and it has been 30 minutes since the doctor stitched up the cut on your hand.Your friend is driving you home; and your heart is beginning to slow,your breathing is returning to normal,and you feel relaxed for the first time since you cut your hand.The symptoms you are feeling now were produced by the

A) reticular activating system.
B) sympathetic branch.
C) parasympathetic branch.
D) somatic system.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An armed robber could hold a gun to your head,and you would not feel fear,if which part of your brain were damaged?

A) amygdala
B) parietal lobes
C) corpus callosum
D) somatosensory cortex

Answer 3

A

Question 4

You have just cut your hand very badly.As you try to stop the blood and your friend is driving you to the emergency room,you feel your heart racing,you are taking in air in rapid gulps,your mouth is dry,and your skin feels cold and clammy.Cutting your hand has activated the

A) reticular nervous system.
B) sympathetic branch.
C) parasympathetic branch.
D) somatic system.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the sympathetic division of the nervous system being activated?

A) Digestion speeds up.
B) Blood flow in the skin is restricted.
C) Pupils dilate.
D) Sugar is released into the bloodstream.

Question 6

Which nervous system is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

A) autonomic
B) somatic
C) central
D) adaptive

Question 7

You have just narrowly missed hitting a car that pulled out in front of you.Your heart is pounding,your throat is dry,your hands are trembling,and you are sweating.Your reactions

A) were caused by the autonomic nervous system.
B) were learned through cultural conditioning.
C) are voluntary, rather than automatic.
D) are characterized by all of these.

Question 8

Lightning is flashing around you,and you are running down the street for home.Your heart is pounding,your throat is dry,your hands are trembling,and you are sweating.Your reactions

A) were caused by the somatic nervous system.
B) are innate, automatic, and nearly universal.
C) will disappear as quickly as they originally occurred.
D) are characterized by all of these statements.

Question 9

People who suffer damage to which part of the brain become "blind" to emotion and are unable to feel fear in a life-threatening situation or to relate normally to family and friends?

A) amygdala
B) occipital lobes
C) corpus callosum
D) midbrain

Question 10

Which of the following would NOT be a typical autonomic nervous system reaction to a frightening event?

A) sweating
B) inability to urinate
C) sensitivity to loud noises
D) dryness of the throat and mouth

Question 11

You go to a zoo and place your face close to the glass in front of a rattlesnake display.Suddenly,the rattlesnake strikes at your face.Even though you know you are safe,Joseph LeDoux predicts that you will recoil from the snake's attack because of the actions of which part of your brain?

A) amygdala
B) corpus callosum
C) parietal lobes
D) midbrain

Question 12

If you damaged your amygdala,you could still do which of the following?

A) feel fear
B) relate normally to friends, family, and coworkers
C) name familiar people and objects by sight
D) "read" people's emotional expressions as conveyed by their eyes

Question 13

Regarding the autonomic nervous system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Your autonomic nervous system would react in much the same way whether you were being chased by a dog or were surprised by a prowler.
B) Whether you are relaxed or aroused at any moment depends on the combined activity of both branches of the autonomic nervous system.
C) The autonomic nervous system controls the voluntary actions and movements of the body.
D) The autonomic nervous system is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Question 14

Robert is unable to "read" or understand other people's emotional expressions,especially as conveyed by their eyes,which prevents him from relating normally to friends,family,and coworkers.Robert most likely has damage to which part of his brain?

A) reticular formation
B) pons
C) midbrain
D) amygdala

Question 15

Which nervous system branch has been activated when sugar is released into the bloodstream for quick energy,the heart beats faster to supply blood to the muscles,digestion is temporarily slowed,and blood flow in the skin is restricted to reduce bleeding?

A) somatic
B) limbic
C) parasympathetic
D) sympathetic

Question 16

The actions of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

A) increase digestion.
B) improve one's chances of surviving an emergency.
C) constrict the pupils of the eyes.
D) calm the body after a person has experienced intense arousal.

Question 17

Regarding the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Its effects include muscular relaxation and decreased heart rate.
B) It is also known as the "flight-or-fight" system.
C) It is slower to respond than the parasympathetic branch.
D) It acts to reverse emotional arousal after emergency situations.

Question 18

People who suffer from phobias and disabling anxieties often feel afraid without knowing why due to the functions of the

A) amygdala.
B) left hemisphere.
C) right hemisphere.
D) midbrain.

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system is made up of the __________ branches.

A) central and peripheral
B) somatic and peripheral
C) central and somatic
D) sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 20

A part of the nervous system that prepares the body for emergencies,that is,"fighting or fleeing," is the __________ branch.

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) somatic
D) adaptive

Question 21

The use of lie detectors to screen job applicants and check the honesty of employees is questionable because

A) it is a serious invasion of privacy.
B) it cannot discriminate between different emotions, such as lying and anxiety.
C) its accuracy is doubtful.
D) all of these occur.

Question 22

As discussed in the text,sudden deaths are probably the result of

A) an overreaction of the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) failure of the sympathetic nervous system to respond.
C) genetic anomalies within the cells of the autonomic nervous system.
D) an overreaction of the somatic nervous system.

Question 23

Lie detectors measure

A) general emotional arousal.
B) a physically unique "lie response."
C) feelings such as guilt and anger.
D) muscular responses.

Question 24

Which of the following is a device for recording heart rate,blood pressure,respiration,and galvanic skin response and is commonly called a "lie detector"?

A) biofeedback method
B) polygraph
C) infrared face scan
D) fMRI

Question 25

Feeling dizzy or fainting at the sight of a traumatic injury occurs as a result of

A) sympathetic underreaction that lowers blood pressure too much.
B) sympathetic underreaction that raises blood pressure too much.
C) parasympathetic overreaction that raises blood pressure too much.
D) parasympathetic overreaction that lowers blood pressure too much.

Question 26

Lie detectors,or polygraphs,do NOT measure which of the following?

A) galvanic skin response (GSR)
B) blood pressure
C) breathing rate
D) vocal modulation

Question 27

Intense fear may result in sudden death because it causes

A) sympathetic rebound.
B) parasympathetic rebound.
C) release of sugar into the blood stream.
D) restricted adrenaline secretion.

Question 28

During her morning walk,Vicki has encountered a strange dog and fear has enveloped her.Just then the dog's owner appears,pets his dog,and introduces himself and his dog to Vicki.The dog begins to wag its tail,and Vicki even pets the dog as she breathes a sigh of relief.As she begins the rest of her walk,Vicki's heart rate begins to slow down and her formerly sweaty palms are now dry.Her calmer demeanor is due to the __________nervous system.

A) somatic
B) central
C) sympathetic
D) parasympathetic

Question 29

The part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for calming and restoring the body and conserving energy is the

A) somatic nervous system.
B) reticular activating system.
C) parasympathetic branch.
D) sympathetic branch.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system being activated?

A) digestion increases
B) blood flow increases
C) pupils dilate
D) heart rate slows

Question 31

Following a period of intense fear,the heart may be slowed to a stop causing sudden death due to which of the following?

A) a sympathetic overload
B) a parasympathetic rebound
C) adrenaline poisoning
D) opponent-process feedback

Question 32

Sudden death can occur

A) due to a parasympathetic rebound in reasonably healthy people.
B) due to the sympathetic effect in older persons or those with heart problems.
C) when the blood pressure is lowered too much.
D) in all of these situations.

Question 33

Regarding the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Its effects include muscular relaxation and decreased heart rate.
B) It is slower to respond than the sympathetic branch.
C) It acts to reverse emotional arousal after emergency situations.
D) Its effects include slowing down digestion, dry mouth, and pupil dilation.

Question 34

In times of war,combat can be so savage that some soldiers literally die of fear caused by

A) a parasympathetic rebound.
B) the underreaction of the sympathetic system.
C) adrenaline poisoning.
D) opponent-process feedback.

Question 35

The polygraph was invented in 1915 by the psychologist who also created the comic book character Wonderwoman.This psychologist was

A) Abraham Maslow.
B) Joseph Wolpe.
C) William Marston.
D) Walter Cannon.

Question 36

Vicki is taking her morning walk when a strange dog appears in her path and begins to growl at her.Vicki's heart begins to race,the hair on her arms stands on end,and her palms begin to sweat as fear envelops her.These symptoms that Vicki is experiencing are due to the reactions of her __________ nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) central

Question 37

Strong emotions can kill you in two ways,which are

A) stress-related sympathetic effects and the parasympathetic rebound.
B) stress-related limbic system effects and the reticular formation rebound.
C) underreactions of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
D) underreactions of both the limbic system and the reticular activating system.

Question 38

Regarding lies and the polygraph,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) As many as 25 percent of all wrongful convictions include false confessions as evidence.
B) Although the polygraph is popularly known as a lie detector because the police use it for that purpose, in reality, the polygraph is not a lie detector.
C) The polygraph was invented in 1950 by Joseph Wolpe, who also created the comic book character Batman.
D) The word polygraph means "many writings."

Question 39

Regarding deaths due to the action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In 1994, five times more people than usual died of heart attacks the day of the major earthquake in Los Angeles.
B) In times of war, combat can be so savage that some soldiers literally die of fear.
C) There have been no cases of deaths due to parasympathetic rebound in everyday life with the only known cases occurring during catastrophes and war.
D) More heart patients in Asia die on the fourth day of the month due to the patients' fear of the number four, which is considered unlucky.

Question 40

Which of the following best describes the relationship of the parasympathetic to the sympathetic nervous system?

A) The parasympathetic system enhances the sympathetic response.
B) The parasympathetic system acts independently of the sympathetic system.
C) The parasympathetic system reverses the responses stimulated by the sympathetic system.
D) The parasympathetic system completely inhibits the sympathetic system.

Question 41

When used to detect lying,the functional MRI scan measures

A) galvanic skin response.
B) general emotional arousal.
C) the activation of extra brain areas.
D) hemispheric specialization.

Question 42

The guilty knowledge test is used during

A) testing for emotional intelligence.
B) polygraph testing.
C) creativity testing.
D) mental health assessments with psychotic clients.

Question 43

Regarding emotional expressions,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Emotional expressions give valuable hints about what other people are likely to do next.
B) Emotional expressions aid survival because they communicate our feelings to others.
C) Charles Darwin observed that all species, including tigers, monkeys, dogs, and humans, bare their teeth in the same way when they are angry.
D) People are able to detect happy, sad, or neutral faces faster than angry and scheming faces.

Question 44

To minimize the effects of nervousness during testing,skilled polygraph examiners use a series of multiple choice questions in which one of the answers is correct.An innocent examinee should show the same polygraph response to all the answers,while a guilty person will show an elevated response to the correct answer.This multiple choice format used in polygraph testing is known as the __________ test.

A) guilty knowledge
B) denotative meanings
C) comparative guilt
D) critical incidents

Question 45

A person taking a "lie detector" test may be asked a question,such as "Was the gun that killed Hensley a,a)Colt,b)Smith & Wesson,c)Walther PPK,or d)Luger?" A guilty person should show more reaction on the polygraph to the correct gun,while an innocent person should the same reaction to all four responses.This type of questioning is part of the __________ test.

A) connotative guilt
B) guilty knowledge
C) relevant details
D) critical incidents

Question 46

Regarding the lie detector test,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Errors may occur on the polygraph even when questioning is done properly.
B) Thinking about upsetting thoughts during the irrelevant questions can significantly affect the accuracy of the lie detector.
C) The polygraph may be thrown off by self-inflicted pain, by tranquililzing drugs, or by people who can lie without anxiety.
D) The polygraph test's most common error is to label a guilty person innocent.

Question 47

Regarding polygraph testing,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The National Academy of Sciences has concluded that polygraph tests should not be used to screen employees.
B) Polygraph tests can tell the difference between lying, fear, and anxiety.
C) The polygraph test is much more likely to label an innocent person guilty, rather than a guilty person innocent.
D) Proponents of lie detection claim that the polygraph is 95 percent accurate with proper questioning.

Question 48

During polygraph testing,a change in the electrical resistance of the skin,due to sweating,is referred to as __________ skin response.

A) kinesic
B) somatic
C) galvanic
D) intracellular

Question 49

In studies involving real crimes,how many innocent persons,on average,were rated guilty by the lie detector?

A) one innocent person in five
B) one innocent person in 20
C) one innocent person in 50
D) one innocent person in 100

Question 50

Psychiatrist Daniel Langleben theorizes that a liar must inhibit telling the truth in order to lie; therefore,an fMRI brain image of the person's brain would show

A) extra brain areas that have been activated.
B) a decrease of brain activity in the frontal lobes.
C) more right hemisphere activity than left hemisphere activity.
D) a decrease in the activity of the limbic system.

Question 51

You are being given a polygraph test as a condition of being employed at your company.The best advice would be for you to

A) not worry since polygraphs are 99 percent accurate, regardless of the examiner.
B) think about upsetting past events to render the testing inconclusive.
C) remain calm and then actively challenge the results if the machine wrongly questions your honesty.
D) refuse to take the polygraph and immediately sue the company.

Question 52

Regarding polygraph testing,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A) The polygraph test cannot tell the difference between lying, fear, or anxiety.
B) The polygraph test is much more likely to label a guilty person innocent than an innocent person guilty.
C) The polygraph cannot be thrown off by self-inflicted pain or using tranquilizing drugs.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 53

When using a polygraph,the galvanic skin response (GSR)is recorded from the hand and measures

A) muscle tension
B) sweating
C) temperature
D) sensitivity to pain

Question 54

The National Academy of Sciences recently concluded that polygraph tests

A) are 98 percent accurate, regardless of the examiner.
B) are more likely to label the guilty innocent than the reverse.
C) should be used to screen employees and to aid law enforcement.
D) should not be used to screen employees.

Question 55

The guilty knowledge test consists of a series of

A) multiple choice questions with one correct response that is used during polygraph testing.
B) creative and non-creative answers to problem-solving questions.
C) questions to assess one's ability to identify other people's emotional expressions, especially as conveyed by their eyes.
D) questions to assess one's ability to differentiate between denotative and connotative meanings.

Question 56

Charles Darwin and psychologists consider human emotional expressions

A) an adaptive means of communicating one's feelings to others.
B) to be learned through classical conditioning.
C) outside of the determining forces of evolution.
D) totally unique and different than the expressions exhibited by other species.

Question 57

Which psychiatrist has experimented with the use of brain scans,such as the fMRI to detect lying?

A) Stanley Schachter
B) Richard Lazarus
C) Paul Ekman
D) Daniel Langleben

Question 58

Barney is taking a polygraph test during which the examiner will assess his general emotional arousal to each of the responses on several multiple choice items regarding the "crime." This series of multiple choice items makes up the __________ test.

A) connotative guilt
B) critical incidents
C) relevant details
D) guilty knowledge

Question 59

Regarding polygraph testing,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) An innocent person may respond emotionally to the whole procedure.
B) To minimize the effects of anxiety caused by the questioning process, skilled polygraph examiners use the guilty knowledge test.
C) A guilty person is supposed to have an elevated response to the correct answer in the multiple choice series, while an innocent person responds the same to all four responses.
D) The galvanic skin response component of polygraph testing measures the rise in body temperature when a person is lying.

Question 60

Which of the following directly measures brain activity,thus bypassing the traditional approach of measuring indirect signs of emotional arousal?

A) GSR detectors
B) fMRI
C) polygraph
D) the kinesic approach

Question 61

Researchers are completely certain that which of the following facial expressions is recognized by people of all cultures?

A) interest
B) guilt
C) contempt
D) surprise

Question 62

The arrangement of the face into a combination of two or more facial expressions is called a(n)

A) emotional tone.
B) facial blend.
C) differentiated expression.
D) mood.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic dimensions of facial expressions?

A) pleasantness-unpleasantness
B) attention-rejection
C) relaxation-tension
D) activation (arousal)

Question 64

You are looking at a painting of a person whose eyes,eyebrows,and forehead seem to reveal anger,but the person's mouth is turned downward in a sad frown.Regarding this painting,which of the following statements is most likely TRUE?

A) The person in the painting is exhibiting a facial blend.
B) This is an impossible expression because a real person cannot display more than one emotion on his or her face.
C) The facial expression is really one of anger; and you have just misinterpreted the expression.
D) The facial expression is really one of sadness, and you have just misinterpreted the expression.

Question 65

In a recent study,people were able to detect which type of faces fastest and why?

A) happy faces because we are more sensitive to positive emotions
B) sad faces because we are more sensitive to distress in others
C) angry and scheming faces because we are sensitive to threats of possible harm
D) neutral faces because ambiguity tends to bother most people

Question 66

The most universally recognized facial expression is

A) pursed lips.
B) smiling.
C) sticking out your tongue.
D) raising your eyebrows.

Question 67

In a recent study that appears to verify Darwin's view of emotions,people were able to detect which type of face faster than any other facial expression?

A) happy
B) sad
C) angry
D) neutral

Question 68

Regarding facial expressions,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A) The facial expression of sadness is the most universal and easily recognized facial expression of emotion.
B) The facial expressions that are recognized around the world are not the same primary emotions listed by Plutchik.
C) Children who are born blind display basic expressions in the same way as sighted people do.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 69

An authentic smile that signals genuine happiness and enjoyment is called a __________ smile.

A) social
B) forced
C) kinesic
D) Duchenne

Question 70

Facial expressions can be reduced to dimensions of pleasantness-unpleasantness,attention-rejection,and

A) rage-joy.
B) excitement.
C) activation.
D) acceptance.

Question 71

If you are interacting with a person from another culture,which of the following would NOT be good advice?

A) It is wise to remember that you may easily misunderstand the emotional expressions of a person from another culture.
B) It is important to realize that the vast majority of facial expressions are universal and shown the same way around the world.
C) Knowing the social context in which an expression occurs helps clarify its meaning.
D) It is important to realize that verbal messages can be modified by the addition of a facial expression, such as a smile.

Question 72

Regarding how emotions are expressed in other cultures,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Some facial expressions are shaped by learning and may be found only in specific cultures, while others like the smile appear to be universal.
B) Expressing anger in public is universally expected and accepted in all cultures.
C) The facial expression of sticking out one's tongue is interpreted as an insult in every country.
D) The three basic dimensions of facial expressions are tension, relaxation, and liking.

Question 73

Although researchers are completely certain that six facial expressions are universal,two other expressions may also be universal but as yet the researchers are uncertain about the universality of the expressions of

A) contempt and interest.
B) disgust and surprise.
C) fear and anger.
D) happiness and sadness.

Question 74

When traveling outside of one's homeland where a different language is spoken and the cultural values are much different,one could best communicate his or her happiness to members of different cultures by

A) making the hand signal for "Okay" using the finger and thumb.
B) smiling.
C) nodding one's head.
D) maintaining eye contact.

Question 75

An art instructor wants to teach students how to portray emotions when drawing faces.The instructor would be wise to concentrate on

A) pleasantness-unpleasantness, attention-rejection, and activation.
B) subjective feelings and physiological reactions.
C) indicators of emotion measured by the polygraph.
D) the size of the pupils and parasympathetic reactions.

Question 76

Pleasantness-unpleasantness,attention-rejection,and activation (arousal)are the three basic dimensions of

A) body posture.
B) voice inflection.
C) facial expressions.
D) gestures.

Question 77

To clarify the meaning of the facial expression,it would be most helpful to pay attention to which of the following regarding the facial expression?

A) the social context in which the facial expression occurs
B) the forehead movement rather than the mouth
C) whether there is relaxation or tension in the face
D) how long the facial expression lasts

Question 78

Regarding facial blends and emotional messages,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Your face can produce some 20,000 different expressions.
B) The face is the most expressive part of the body.
C) By smiling when you give a friend a hard time adds an emotional message of acceptance to the verbal insult, which changes its meaning.
D) A frown is the most universal and easily recognized facial expression of emotion.

Question 79

Masks that are meant to be frightening or threatening are strikingly similar around the world.The ability of people from different cultures to "read" the mask's emotional message suggests that basic emotional expressions

A) have universal biological roots.
B) are learned at an early age.
C) are culturally-derived.
D) are neither lasting nor innate.

Question 80

Which of the following emotions are recognized around the world?

A) fear and anger
B) sadness and happiness
C) disgust
D) all of these