Deck 10: Less-Developed and Newly Industrializing Countries

Question 1

Import substitution is most influenced by which of the following?

A)Mercantilism.
B)Social democracy.
C)Liberalism.
D)Communism.
E)Anarchism.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Countries that are experiencing weak economic and political development are often known as _________ countries.

A)newly developing
B)newly industrializing
C)less-developed
D)peripheral
E)trajectory

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Some observers of less-developed countries use the term _________ for the current economic relationship between themselves and advanced democracies.

A)"quasisocialism"
B)"neocolonialism"
C)"pseudocapitalism"
D)"protoliberalism"
E)"ultraliberalism"

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A system wherein a state extends its power in order to directly control territory beyond its borders is known as:

A)imperialism.
B)hegemony.
C)unilateralism
D)multipolarity.
E)bipolarity.

Question 5

Countries that are experiencing rapid economic growth and democratization are often known as _________ countries.

A)newly developing
B)newly industrializing
C)less-developed
D)peripheral
E)trajectory

Question 6

Less-developed and newly industrializing countries have been traditionally grouped together as the:

A)third world.
B)third estate.
C)second tier.
D)second class.
E)first world.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes social identities in places under imperial control?

A)Strong ethnic identities existed before imperialism but were suppressed.
B)Strong national identities existed before imperialism but were suppressed.
C)Neither strong national nor ethnic identities existed before imperialism.
D)Both strong national and ethnic identities existed long before and survived imperialism.
E)All communities converted to Christianity.

Question 8

Many countries in Asia opted for a form of economic development after World War II known as:

A)import substitution.
B)export-oriented industrialization.
C)debt-based agriculturalism.
D)centralized developmentalism.
E)modern world development.

Question 9

Dependent development refers to:

A)the United Nations' aid to struggling countries, such as those in Africa.
B)economic transformation under imperialism, created to serve the imperial power.
C)aid provided to support families in less-developed countries.
D)small business support, such as microcredit.
E)a reliance on Internet technology to promote education.

Question 10

One element often central to imperialism as a means to consolidate power is:

A)colonialism.
B)devolution.
C)democracy.
D)autonomy.
E)federalism.

Question 11

The concept of a "hothouse economy" is associated with:

A)import substitution.
B)export-oriented industrialization.
C)liberalization.
D)foreign direct investment.
E)communism.

Question 12

Ethnic conflict during imperialism was exacerbated by:

A)imperial obsessions with racial differences.
B)imperial obsessions with religious differences and conversion.
C)imperial obsessions with mass literacy.
D)imperial obsessions with archaeology as a way to establish "first ownership."
E)climate change.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes modernization under imperialism?

A)Nonexistent.
B)A mirror image of the imperial power.
C)The complete destruction of local institutions with no new ones to take their place.
D)An incomplete transition between premodern and modern.
E)Occurring only after World War II.

Question 14

Many countries in Latin America opted for a form of economic development after World War II known as:

A)import substitution.
B)export-oriented industrialization.
C)debt-based agriculturalism.
D)centralized developmentalism.
E)modern world development.

Question 15

In developing and less-developed countries, ethnicity and nationalism:

A)were originally strong in less-developed parts but suppressed by imperialism.
B)were concepts first introduced to these countries through the Middle East centuries ago.
C)were concepts first introduced to these countries as a result of imperialism.
D)are much stronger in Asia than in Latin America.
E)have largely disappeared in the last decade.

Question 16

Earlier policies to reduce state power in less-developed countries are often referred to as the:

A)Washington Consensus.
B)Multilateral Accord.
C)North-South Reform Plan.
D)Millennium Action Accord.
E)United Nations Economic Compact.

Question 17

Tariff and nontariff barriers are policy tools commonly found under:

A)import substitution.
B)liberalism.
C)debt-based agriculturalism.
D)centralized developmentalism.
E)anarchism.

Question 18

Ethnic conflict in many less-developed countries is often compounded by:

A)economic divisions created by colonialism.
B)clearly demarcated geographic borders between the countries.
C)the United Nations.
D)proportional representation.
E)cultural imperialism.

Question 19

Asian countries are often cited for their utilization of what is known as:

A)the economic curve.
B)the product life cycle.
C)technological descent.
D)product peripheralism.
E)the industrial curve.

Question 20

Which of the following gave Europe the ability to expand its imperial power?

A)The moral values of Christianity.
B)The fact that the rest of the world lacked institutions.
C)Its superior military power linked to economic objectives.
D)The fact that Europe was the first to develop advanced seafaring.
E)The transatlantic telegraph network.

Question 21

Can democracy help solve some of the problems of less-developed and newly industrializing countries, or will democracy make the situation worse?

Question 22

One notable aspect of informal economies is the role played by:

A)high technology.
B)the elderly.
C)women.
D)religious leaders.
E)elected officials.

Question 23

Policies of liberalization often promoted by the International Monetary Fund are known as:

A)bureaucratic transformation.
B)structural adjustment.
C)monetary adaptation.
D)economic modification.
E)resource adjustment.

Question 24

Organizations outside of the state that are often seen as critical to democracy and political stability are known as:

A)public goods.
B)civil society.
C)free riders.
D)social circles.
E)national blocks.

Question 25

What responsibility does the rest of the world have in solving the domestic problems of the less-industrialized countries? Is this just imperialism in another guise?

Question 26

One recent innovation to help alleviate poverty in poorer countries is the use of what is known as:

A)macrofinance.
B)microcredit.
C)mesofunding.
D)structural loans.
E)flexible funding.

Question 27

One proposed solution to the problem of weak states is known as:

A)imported capacity.
B)shared sovereignty.
C)joint capacity.
D)state subsidy.
E)global federalism.

Question 28

Are all of the problems of less-developed countries the result of imperialism, either indirectly or directly? What other factors should be considered?

Question 29

Which is the better place to begin improving less-developed countries-focusing on infrastructure and living standards or focusing on good governance?

Question 30

Scholars of property rights in less-developed countries speak of "dead capital," by which they mean that:

A)property rights are weak.
B)all property is held by the state.
C)all property is held by rich countries.
D)property rights are too strongly protected.
E)property remains deeded to individuals who have passed away.

Question 31

The untaxed and unregulated sector of the economy is known as the _________ economy.

A)informal
B)unrestricted
C)subordinate
D)private
E)blue

Question 32

One of the problems with external attempts to reform less-developed states has been:

A)the requirement to disband their armed forces.
B)a failure to think about the role of political institutions.
C)an overemphasis on cultural differences.
D)the use of loans with high interest rates.
E)soil erosion.

Question 33

One of the criticisms made of microfinance or microcredit is that:

A)the loans are too big.
B)the loans do not help grow businesses that can hire employees.
C)the loans are rarely repaid.
D)the international community is not involved in making these investments.
E)the loans are not made to people, only firms.

Question 34

Why have less-developed countries had such difficulty in building effective states? Why have newly industrializing countries been more successful in this regard?