Deck 31: Treatment of Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

Question 1

If water intake were reduced to the point of dehydration,what would be the body's natural reaction to maintain homeostasis?

A)Increase the production of electrolytes to make up for the loss in water.
B)Release extremely large amounts of fluids from the intracellular spaces in the body.
C)Decrease the production of electrolytes because there will not be enough water in the body to balance it.
D)Remove a corresponding quantity of electrolytes to maintain ionic balance.

Answer 1

Remove a corresponding quantity of electrolytes to maintain ionic balance.

Question 2

Commonly seen in people with hypoglycemia,_____ occurs when too much water is drawn into the blood.

A)psychogenic polydipsia
B)pseudohyponatremia
C)hypovolemic hyponatremia
D)euvolemic hyponatremia

Answer 2

pseudohyponatremia

Question 3

The _____ ion acts as a buffer to maintain the normal levels of acidity (pH)in blood and other fluids in the body.

A)chlorine
B)magnesium
C)bicarbonate
D)phosphate

Answer 3

bicarbonate

Question 4

Chloride is lost in all of the following ways except _____.

A)urine
B)saliva
C)sweat
D)stomach secretions

Question 5

Which of the following is not an example of an electrolyte?

A)Ca₂+
B)HPO4-₂
C)HCl
D)HCO-₃

Question 6

All of the following are causes of edema,a classic fluid imbalance condition,except _____.

A)retention of electrolytes
B)heart failure
C)severe burns
D)change in urinary frequency

Question 7

How does the treatment of water intoxication allow for recovery?

A)Manual removal of the excess water allows for balance to be restored.
B)Administering loop diuretics helps the body get rid of the excess water through the urine.
C)Administering hypertonic saline reduces tissue swelling and helps the body regain cellular electrolyte balance.
D)Hypertonic saline allows the kidneys to remove salt from body,allowing the water to follow it through the urine.

Question 8

How is fluid and electrolyte homeostasis maintained in the body?

A)Fluid and electrolyte imbalance are maintained.
B)Input and output of water and electrolytes are balanced.
C)Input of water must be more than the output of electrolytes.
D)Input of electrolytes is counteracted by the input of water.

Question 9

_____ is a necessary electrolyte to help provide energy for most cell functions.

A)Phosphorus
B)Sulfate
C)Bicarbonate
D)Magnesium

Question 10

Which of the following electrolytes could increase the chance of arrhythmias when an abnormal amount is found inside the cells?

A)Calcium
B)Sodium
C)Chloride
D)Potassium

Question 11

A serum potassium level above 5.5 mEq/L would indicate _____ and could lead to cardiac arrest.

A)hyponatremia
B)hypernatremia
C)hypokalemia
D)hyperkalemia

Question 12

Management of dehydration requires all of the following except _____.

A)replacement therapy with oral electrolyte solutions
B)Intravenous (IV)fluids
C)water alone
D)IV fluids with electrolytes

Question 13

Which of the following can be helpful in hypotensive patients?

A)Hypotonic fluids
B)Isotonic fluids
C)Hypertonic fluids
D)Serotonic fluids

Question 14

Which electrolyte is present in greatest concentration within the cell and is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium?

A)Sodium
B)Calcium
C)Bicarbonate
D)Magnesium

Question 15

What is the unit of measure used for the number of electrolytes in solution?

A)Milligram (mg)
B)Milliliter (mL)
C)Millimole (mmol)
D)Milliequivalent (mEq)

Question 16

Which electrolyte and major cation is found outside of the cell and is critical to generating electrical signals?

A)Sodium
B)Chloride
C)Potassium
D)Calcium

Question 17

IV solutions are used in electrolyte disorders to _____.

A)replace fluids and electrolytes that have been lost
B)replace volume that has been lost
C)administer medication
D)do all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following electrolytes is commonly measured through blood tests?

A)Magnesium
B)Calcium
C)Phosphate
D)Bicarbonate

Question 19

When compared against all sources of fluid volume in the body,_____ is the largest amount.

A)intravascular fluid
B)intracellular fluid
C)plasma
D)interstitial fluid

Question 20

Which electrolyte is a major cation found inside of the cell that is important for regulation of the heartbeat and muscle function?

A)Sodium
B)Magnesium
C)Potassium
D)Calcium

Question 21

MATCHING
Match each of the following electrolytes with one of its roles in the body.
a.Helps maintain normal muscle function
b.Movement is essential in generation of electrical signals
c.Essential component of DNA and RNA
d.Necessary for the production of parathyroid hormone
Sodium

Question 22

Match each of the following definitions with its term.
a.Hypocalcemia
b.Hypomagnesemia
c.Hyperchloremia
d.Hyponatremia
e.Hyperkalemia
Condition of decreased serum sodium concentration below the normal range (less than 136 mEq/L)

Question 23

Match each of the following definitions with its term.
a.Hypocalcemia
b.Hypomagnesemia
c.Hyperchloremia
d.Hyponatremia
e.Hyperkalemia
Condition in which the serum chloride level is higher than 107 mEq/L

Question 24

MATCHING
Match each of the following electrolytes with one of its roles in the body.
a.Helps maintain normal muscle function
b.Movement is essential in generation of electrical signals
c.Essential component of DNA and RNA
d.Necessary for the production of parathyroid hormone
Potassium

Question 25

Which of the following can be used to replace fluids that have been lost and promote urine output?

A)Hypertonic saline (3% NaCl)
B)Dextran 40
C)Neutra-Phos
D)Albumin

Question 26

MATCHING
Match each of the following electrolytes with one of its roles in the body.
a.Helps maintain normal muscle function
b.Movement is essential in generation of electrical signals
c.Essential component of DNA and RNA
d.Necessary for the production of parathyroid hormone
Phosphorus

Question 27

Which of the following is not an example of a colloid?

A)Blood
B)Hetastarch
C)Albumin
D)Lactated Ringer's

Question 28

Match each of the following definitions with its term.
a.Hypocalcemia
b.Hypomagnesemia
c.Hyperchloremia
d.Hyponatremia
e.Hyperkalemia
Condition in which the serum level of magnesium is below 1.5 mEq/L

Question 29

Match each of the following definitions with its term.
a.Hypocalcemia
b.Hypomagnesemia
c.Hyperchloremia
d.Hyponatremia
e.Hyperkalemia
Condition in which the serum calcium level drops below 4.5 mEq/L

Question 30

MATCHING
Match each of the following electrolytes with one of its roles in the body.
a.Helps maintain normal muscle function
b.Movement is essential in generation of electrical signals
c.Essential component of DNA and RNA
d.Necessary for the production of parathyroid hormone
Magnesium

Question 31

Match each of the following definitions with its term.
a.Hypocalcemia
b.Hypomagnesemia
c.Hyperchloremia
d.Hyponatremia
e.Hyperkalemia
Condition in which the serum potassium level is above 5.5 mEq/L

Question 32

Which of the following could be used to treat hypernatremia?

A)Administration of salt tablets
B)Administration of hypotonic solution such as 0.45% NaCl (or 1/2 NS)
C)Administration of IV saline solution 3% sodium
D)Water restriction