Deck 40: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Question 1

In newborns, GER is normal because neuromuscular control of the gastroesophageal sphincter is not fully developed.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Meconium _____ is an intestinal obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine.

A)cecum
B)ileus
C)obstruction
D)vivax

Answer 2

ileus

Question 3

Failure to thrive (FTT) is a disorder having organic (e.g., gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders) and nonorganic (e.g., psychosocial) deprivation causes.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause:

A)pyloric stenosis.
B)meconium ileus.
C)esophageal atresia.
D)galactosemia.

Question 5

An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain, becomes irritable (colicky), and draws up the knees.Vomiting occurs soon afterward.The mother reports that after the infant passed a normal stool, the stools look like currant jelly.Based on these data, which disorder does the nurse suspect?

A)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
B)Intussusception
C)Malrotation
D)Volvulus

Question 6

The primary cause of intrahepatic portal hypertension in children is cirrhosis.

Question 7

The intestinal villi of a child who has been diagnosed with gluten-sensitive enteropathy regenerates after treatment with a gluten-free diet.

Question 8

At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been fed well and gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason.The vomiting has gradually become more forceful.These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?

A)Esophageal atresia
B)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
C)Pyloric stenosis
D)Galactosemia

Question 9

Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of the _____ nervous system.

A)central
B)parasympathetic
C)sympathetic
D)somatic

Question 10

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by:

A)excessive mucus production.
B)elevated blood glucose levels.
C)low sodium content in perspiration.
D)formation of cysts in the alveoli.

Question 11

Because lactose intolerance is presumed in children with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue), lactose is excluded from their diet.

Question 12

Children with hepatitis A develop jaundice.

Question 13

Incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process during the fourth week of embryonic development causes:

A)cleft palate.
B)sinus dysfunction.
C)cleft lip.
D)esophageal malformation.

Question 14

_____ is a condition in which the developing colon remains in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location.

A)Intestinal malrotation
B)Ileocecal displacement
C)Duodenal obstruction
D)Pyloric stenosis

Question 15

Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease affecting copper metabolism in children and young adults.

Question 16

In about 80% of cases of congenital aganglionic megacolon, the aganglionic segment is limited to the ascending colon.

Question 17

Meconium ileus is often associated with:

A)muscular dystrophy.
B)cerebral palsy.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)congenital aganglionic megacolon.

Question 18

An intestinal obstruction caused by the invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon collapsing through the ileocecal valve is an example of a(n):

A)congenital aganglionic megacolon.
B)malrotation.
C)intussusception.
D)volvulus.

Question 19

In most cases, cleft lip and cleft palate are caused by multiple factors-genetic and environmental-including maternal use of alcohol and tobacco.

Question 20

In at least 50% of infants with esophageal defects, other congenital anomalies are present as well.

Question 21

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Malrotation

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 22

Hepatitis _____ in children is primarily associated with blood transfusions.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 23

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Hirschsprung disease

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 24

The causes of physiologic jaundice in a newborn include:

A)reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine.
B)impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin.
C)increased bilirubin production.
D)mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia.

Question 25

Prolonged diarrhea is more severe in children than in adults because:

A)less water is absorbed from the colon in children.
B)fluid reserves are smaller in children.
C)children have a higher fluid volume intake.
D)children have diarrhea more often than do adults.

Question 26

_____ diarrhea results from lactose intolerance.

A)Secretory
B)Motility
C)Osmotic
D)Small volume

Question 27

Which of the following medications compensates for the deficiency that occurs as a result of cystic fibrosis?

A)Salt tablets
B)Pancreatic enzymes
C)Insulin
D)Antibiotics

Question 28

Which disorder is characterized by an increase in the percentages in T cells and complement together with IgA and IgM antigliadin antibodies found in jejunum fluid?

A)Wilson disease
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue)
D)Galactosemia

Question 29

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Meconium ileus

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 30

An infant with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) bruises and bleeds easily because of:

A)a vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption.
B)bone marrow function depression.
C)iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias.
D)prescribed daily warfarin (Coumadin).

Question 31

Increased bilirubin production, impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin, and reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine can each lead to:

A)pathologic jaundice of the newborn.
B)physiologic jaundice of the newborn.
C)hepatitis A.
D)infantile cirrhosis.

Question 32

What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?

A)All nutrients, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are reduced in kwashiorkor.
B)Physical growth of children is stunted in kwashiorkor, but not in marasmus.
C)Muscle wasting, diarrhea, low hemoglobin, and infection characterize kwashiorkor.
D)Subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver are present in kwashiorkor.

Question 33

People with cystic fibrosis have fat in their stools because:

A)their bile ducts are obstructed with mucus that prohibits the release of bile.
B)they cannot metabolize fat-soluble vitamins.
C)they have a deficiency of pancreatic lipase.
D)of fat malabsorption in their jejunum.

Question 34

Cystic fibrosis is directly responsible for complications to which of the following?

A)Muscles and bones
B)Kidneys and bladder
C)Lymph nodes and spleen
D)Cervix and liver

Question 35

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Celiac sprue

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 36

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Marasmus and kwashiorkor

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 37

A person with cystic fibrosis has an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency because:

A)the pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus.
B)of the impaired blood supply to the pancreas causing ischemia.
C)genetically the pancreas is unable to produce digestive enzymes.
D)the pancreas has a volvulus at the ampulla of Vater.

Question 38

Clinical signs of portal hypertension include:

A)right heart failure.
B)pulmonary edema.
C)splenomegaly.
D)diarrhea.

Question 39

Cirrhosis causes intrahepatic portal hypertension in children as a result of:

A)fibrosis increasing resistance to blood flow within the portal system.
B)increased pressure from the twisting of the common bile ducts.
C)development of collateral circulation within the portal system.
D)shunting of fluid to the spleen or abdomen.

Question 40

Foods eliminated from the diet for children who have gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) include:

A)citrus fruits.
B)starchy vegetables.
C)cereal grains.
D)red meat.