Deck 9: Sexual Orientation

Question 1

Which is true of most gays and lesbians?

A)Their gender identities are consistent with their anatomical genders.
B)They generally are uncomfortable with their anatomical gender.
C)They focus more on the sexual aspects of relationships than heterosexual couples.
D)Sexual activity, not romantic or erotic attraction, defines their sexual interests.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

John fantasizes about sex with other men on a daily basis but occasionally he fantasizes about having sex with his wife Sarah with whom he rarely has sex. Where does John fit on the Kinsey continuum?

A)1
B)2
C)5
D)6

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Pedro scores as highly heteroerotic and as highly homoerotic. According to Michael Storms, Pedro's sexual orientation is

A)asexual.
B)bisexual.
C)heterosexual.
D)homosexual.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is false?

A)While some people are exclusively gay or lesbian, and some are exclusively heterosexual, some fall in between.
B)Some gay and lesbian people engage in sex with members of the opposite sex.
C)A person who has sexual experiences with people of his or her own sex cannot, by definition, be heterosexual.
D)In the past it was common for gay and lesbian people to be in heterosexual marriages.

Question 5

Many gay people object to the term "homosexual" because it

A)draws attention to sexual behaviour, bears a social stigma, and is ambiguous.
B)derives from "homophile" which focuses only on deviant sexual behaviour.
C)is a term that is historically outdated.
D)is a clinical rather than humanistic term.

Question 6

Which statement is true about bisexuality?

A)Bisexual people use bisexuality as a cover for a gay male or lesbian sexual orientation.
B)Bisexual people face biphobia from both heterosexuals and homosexuals.
C)The vast majority of bisexual people are in heterosexual marriages.
D)Bisexuality is simply a form of sexual experimentation by predominantly heterosexuals.

Question 7

Vernon is attracted to other people based upon their underlying personalities, regardless of their anatomical sex or gender identity. This is an example of

A)pansexuality.
B)heteroeroticism.
C)homoeroticism.
D)hypersexuality.

Question 8

Which of the following is evidence that sexual orientation is not necessarily expressed in sexual behaviour?

A)Some gay men and women have sex more often than their heterosexual counterparts.
B)Once released from prison, former inmates choose to have sex with other-gender partners.
C)Some people enjoy hugging others, regardless of others' gender.
D)Some people remain celibate for religious reasons.

Question 9

William is strongly attracted to other men, but also feels some sexual attraction towards women. Weinrich and Klein (2002) would describe William as

A)bi-straight.
B)bi-gay.
C)bi-bi.
D)bi-pan.

Question 10

How do heterosexuals tend to perceive homosexual relationships?

A)Heterosexuals see them as remarkably similar to their own heterosexual relationships.
B)Heterosexuals focus mostly on the sexual aspects of homosexual relationships.
C)Heterosexuals focus on the emotional connection within homosexual relationships.
D)Heterosexuals tend to underestimate the time gays and lesbians spend in sexual activity.

Question 11

In the Kinsey studies, what percent of male respondents were exclusively gay?

A)1%
B)4%
C)10%
D)22%

Question 12

Not all sex researchers accept Kinsey's continuum because

A)there are too few markings along the continuum.
B)it is not founded on reliable data.
C)the true incidence of bisexuality is so small.
D)it makes more sense to be two-dimensional in order to display the actual responsiveness to stimulation of all included groups.

Question 13

Sexual orientation is defined as an individual's

A)erotic attraction and sexual activity with members of the same or other sex.
B)erotic attraction toward and romantic interest in members of the same and/or other sex.
C)sexual activity with members of the same or other sex.
D)preference for particular sexual activities with one's own sex.

Question 14

According to Michael Storms, a person who is high in both heteroeroticism and homoeroticism may exhibit a

A)heterosexual orientation.
B)homosexual orientation but choose to participate in heterosexual activities.
C)predominantly homosexual orientation.
D)bisexual orientation.

Question 15

Chivers and Bailey's findings suggest that

A)men's sexual orientations are more flexible than women's.
B)women's sexual orientations are more flexible than men's.
C)men's and women's sexual orientations are equally inflexible.
D)women's and men's sexual orientations are equally flexible.

Question 16

Raul describes himself as asexual. This means that he

A)has no interest in romantic relationships.
B)experiences clinical sexual dysfunction.
C)will likely experience poor mental health.
D)is not sexually attracted to other people.

Question 17

If Weinrich and Klein (2002) describe Sylvia as bi-bi, then this means that she

A)is equally sexually attracted to both men and women.
B)has not yet determined her sexual orientation.
C)is attracted to men, but has only had sex with women.
D)is experiencing cognitive dissonance about her sexuality.

Question 18

According to the Storms model, a person who is low in heteroeroticism and low in homoeroticism is

A)homosexual.
B)asexual.
C)heterosexual.
D)bisexual.

Question 19

Engaging in sexual activity with members of the same sex

A)does not mean an individual is a gay male or lesbian.
B)is indicative of gender dysphoria.
C)indicates a same-gender sexual orientation that is fixed.
D)will eventually alter sexual orientation.

Question 20

Ingrid identifies herself as a homosexual female. According to Michael Storms, Ingrid would score high on _______ but low on _______.

A)bisexuality; asexuality
B)homoreroticism; heteroeroticism
C)homophilia; homophobia
D)agreeability; openness

Question 21

In a carefully controlled study, if one identical twin was gay, the probability that the other identical twin was also gay was about

A)10%.
B)20%.
C)50%.
D)60%.

Question 22

Freud believed that a male develops a gay sexual orientation because he has failed to resolve his

A)Electra complex.
B)castration anxiety.
C)Oedipus complex.
D)superego.

Question 23

Women with higher than average levels of testosterone are

A)more likely to be lesbian.
B)less likely to be lesbian.
C)more likely to have high levels of sexual desire.
D)less likely to have high levels of sexual desire.

Question 24

Biologists have observed same-sex sexual behaviour in at least ____ animal species.

A)150
B)450
C)750
D)1050

Question 25

The origins of the term "sodomy," which generally refers to anal intercourse, can be traced to

A)the Kama Sutra.
B)the book of Genesis.
C)Caligula's diary.
D)the book of Job.

Question 26

Simon LeVay's research on the possibility of brain differences between heterosexual and homosexual men

A)found no difference.
B)found that homosexual men have a third brain hemisphere.
C)suggests a correlation between brain differences and sexual orientation.
D)proves that brain differences determine sexual orientation.

Question 27

Evolutionary theory suggests that gay and lesbian orientations may be rooted in reciprocal altruism. This means that

A)the genes that facilitate extreme aggression and homosexuality appear to be mutually exclusive.
B)strong male-male and female-female alliances can promote group survival.
C)gays and lesbians are likely to contribute disproportionately to the economic well-being of their communities.
D)gay and lesbian people are more likely to put themselves in harm's way to protect their nieces and nephews.

Question 28

In Sambian culture, a ten-year-old boy is encouraged to engage in fellatio with an older male because

A)it teaches him how to give sexual pleasure.
B)he learns how older men delay ejaculation.
C)semen is believed to give rise to fierce manhood and is a sexual rite of passage.
D)it teaches him the dominance hierarchy in Sambian society.

Question 29

Research suggests that asexual people

A)have low levels of testosterone and/or estrogen.
B)are typically not distressed by their lack of sexual attraction for other people.
C)have hypoactive sexual desire.
D)never engage in sexual behaviour.

Question 30

Two-spirited people are most likely to be part of which community?

A)Disabled
B)Bi-racial
C)Aboriginal
D)Armenian

Question 31

With respect to the relationship between birth order and sexual orientation, research suggests that

A)birth order has no effect on sexual orientation.
B)a higher number of older sisters increases the likelihood that a male will be gay.
C)a higher number of older brothers increases the likelihood that a female will be lesbian.
D)a higher number of older brothers increases the likelihood that a male will be gay.

Question 32

Ken and Liu are monozygotic twins. If Ken is gay, then the probability that Liu is also gay is

A)> 75%.
B)50-75%.
C)25-50%.
D)< 25%.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is false?

A)The Unitarian church accepts clergy involved in same-sex relationships.
B)It is believed that Alexander the Great was gay.
C)Some Islamic countries have resisted international conventions promoting the rights of homosexuals.
D)Ford and Beach's study of preliterate societies found that most prohibited male-male sexual behaviour.

Question 34

Ben and Dan are dizygotic twins. If Ben is gay, then the probability that Dan is also gay is

A)> 75%.
B)50-75%.
C)25-50%.
D)< 25%.

Question 35

According to research on birth order and sexual orientation, the probability that your hypothetical brother will be homosexual increases with each additional

A)older male sibling.
B)younger female sibling.
C)adopted male sibling.
D)genetic female sibling.

Question 36

Imagine you are a scientist examining the neurological function of the amygdala. What would you expect to observe among lesbian women?

A)An increase in amygdala function among lesbian women
B)Amygdala function similar to that of heterosexual men
C)Reduced amygdala function among lesbian women
D)Functional similarity with heterosexual women

Question 37

Research has found evidence linking a gay male sexual orientation to

A)an extra thirteenth chromosome.
B)the X chromosome.
C)the interstitial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
D)prenatal exposure to excess estrogens.

Question 38

In a comprehensive review of research on the role of biology in determining sexual orientation, the authors concluded that

A)biological factors play a stronger role in determining sexual orientation in men compared to women.
B)biological factors play a stronger role in determining sexual orientation in women compared to men.
C)biological factors play little, if any, role in determining sexual orientation.
D)biological factors play equal roles in determining the sexual orientation of men and women.

Question 39

Most people who identify as queer

A)view homosexuality as genetically superior to heterosexuality.
B)are lesbian or bisexual.
C)see the labels of gay, lesbian, and bisexual as too limiting.
D)recognize that their sexual orientation is problematic.

Question 40

Based on his own research, Savin-Williams concludes that most gay and lesbian teens are

A)over-sampled in health research.
B)psychologically healthy.
C)genetically predisposed to high-risk behaviours.
D)above average in IQ.

Question 41

"Coming out" is

A)the practice of revealing to the public the LGBTQ orientation of another person who is pretending to be heterosexual.
B)the process of accepting and then disclosing one's sexual orientation to others.
C)a rite of passage within the gay and lesbian community in which a party is held to publicly acknowledge that a same-sex couple is living together.
D)a gay male euphemism for ejaculating outside the mouth or anus.

Question 42

An online survey found that when Canadian and U.S. fathers came out to their children, the majority of children

A)rejected their father permanently.
B)were more positive than expected.
C)already suspected and were not surprised.
D)initially rejected their father but later accepted him.

Question 43

Problems with Freud's theories of sexuality result from which of the following?

A)Freud's theories are generally correct, but the problems stem from children not telling the truth about their sexual desires.
B)Many parents will not let their children be put through the rigorous psychoanalytical tests necessary to support Freud's theories.
C)There are few, if any, problems with Freud's theories of sexuality; they have withstood the test of time.
D)Because most of his theories relate to the subconscious level, they are difficult to study with current scientific methods.

Question 44

A homosexual female who acts in a stereotypically masculine manner is likely to

A)possess a low waist-to-hip ratio.
B)have lower estrogen levels.
C)be taller than other women.
D)exhibit higher testosterone levels.

Question 45

In 1969, amendments were made to the Canadian Criminal Code to

A)reduce the penalties for homosexual behaviour.
B)introduce age of consent for homosexual behaviour.
C)decriminalize anal sex.
D)decriminalize homosexuality.

Question 46

In terms of close relationships and satisfaction, researchers have found that gay males and lesbians

A)have more difficulty with satisfactory relationships than heterosexual couples.
B)experience similar levels of satisfaction as heterosexual couples.
C)experience high levels of attachment but lower levels of intimacy than heterosexual couples.
D)experience higher levels of intimacy but lower levels of commitment than heterosexual couples.

Question 47

In what year did the Supreme Court of Canada rule that Parliament had the authority to redefine marriage to include same-sex couples?

A)1997
B)2001
C)2004
D)2011

Question 48

According to an Angus Reid 2010 public opinion survey, what percentage of Canadians was in favour of same-sex marriage?

A)38%
B)52%
C)61%
D)69%

Question 49

Which of the following statements about LGBTQ youth in Canada is false?

A)Over half of LGBTQ youth report feeling unsafe at school.
B)Over half of LGBTQ youth report being physically assaulted at school because of their sexual orientation.
C)LGBTQ students attending schools with anti-homophobia policies are less likely to report being physically harassed.
D)LGBTQ youth are more likely than heterosexual youth to report having been sexually abused by a family member.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about Deborah Foster's research on children raised in lesbian families is false?

A)They develop typical gender identities and gender roles.
B)They are more likely to develop egalitarian and empathic attitudes than children in heterosexual families.
C)They exhibit normal emotional development.
D)They are no more likely to be gay or lesbian than children in heterosexual families.

Question 51

In a study of mate retention strategies, which group was most concerned about their physical appearance?

A)Gay men
B)Heterosexual men
C)Lesbian women
D)Heterosexual women

Question 52

Gender nonconformity refers to when a person does not conform to

A)heterosexual standards for desire.
B)gender-role stereotypes that are consistent with anatomic sex.
C)the tendency for gay, lesbian, and bisexual people to come out during the adolescent years.
D)analogous masculine or feminine roles within homosexual relationships.

Question 53

Edward has a negative attitude towards homosexual men. According to research by Henry Adams and colleagues (1996), how would Edward react to pornography featuring gay men?

A)His penis would become more erect than would a non-homophobic male's penis.
B)He would become psychologically aroused in response to homosexual sex acts.
C)He would be unable to become erect unless the video featured heterosexual sex.
D)His gender identity would be threatened, resulting in a less homophobic attitude.

Question 54

Little Peter is afraid that his father will remove his penis. According to Freud, Peter is experiencing

A)penis envy.
B)castration anxiety.
C)gender dysphoria.
D)the Electra complex.

Question 55

Tammy is a 12-year-old girl who has begun to experience attraction to other girls. According to research, how old will she be when she tells other people that she is homosexual?

A)16
B)18
C)22
D)24

Question 56

Which of the following statements about learning theory and the development of sexual orientation is false?

A)Learning theorists have identified specific learning experiences that lead to the development of homosexuality.
B)According to learning theory, early experiences may play an important role in the development of sexual orientation.
C)According to learning theory, people learn to engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex if such experiences are pleasurable.
D)Learning theorists focus on the reinforcement of early patterns of sexual behaviour rather than on the resolution of unconscious conflicts.

Question 57

Alderson's (2003) ecological model of gay male identity describes ________ about being gay as being a key part of the movement toward identity development.

A)acceptance
B)denial
C)cognitive dissonance
D)perspective ambivalence

Question 58

Which of the following groups is most likely to express homophobic attitudes?

A)Males who support traditional gender roles
B)Middle-aged females of high socioeconomic status
C)Males who show zero sexual arousal when shown depictions of male-male sexual activity
D)Female narcissists

Question 59

Some key issues related to sexual orientation that therapists need to be knowledgeable about include all of the following except

A)homophobia.
B)current sexual behaviours practised in the gay and lesbian communities.
C)the "coming out" process.
D)the lack of conjugal role models.

Question 60

According to the textbook, gay and lesbian people are more likely to have mental health problems than heterosexual people because gay and lesbian people

A)are more likely to be addicted to drugs that cause personality disorders.
B)face various forms of societal oppression that heterosexuals do not.
C)tend to have relationships that are unstable.
D)are biologically predisposed to mental disorders.

Question 61

According to the Storm's model, a person who is high in homoeroticism and low in heteroerotocism is bisexual.

Question 62

A boy who experiences same-sex attraction at age 8 will likely be at least 18 before he comes out to others.

Question 63

Kira is attracted to both men and women, and has had sexual experiences with both genders. Compare and contrast how Alfred Kinsey and Michael Storm would conceptualize Kira's sexual orientation.

Question 64

Research has failed to find a connection between sexual orientation and differences in levels of male or female sex hormones in adulthood.

Question 65

Research has found that the greater the number of older brothers a male has, the more likely he is to be gay.

Question 66

Heterosexual people may have occasional homoerotic interests.

Question 67

Sexual orientation refers to a person's erotic attraction to members of the same sex.

Question 68

A girl who is adopted by a lesbian couple is more likely to be sexually attracted to women in adulthood.

Question 69

A woman who is exclusively sexually interested in other women would score a 6 on the Kinsey scale.

Question 70

Humans are the only primate to exhibit variation in sexual orientation.

Question 71

Gay youth who experience stigma related to their sexuality are likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviour.

Question 72

According to Freud, same-gender sexual orientation results from early childhood experiences with a "close-binding" father and a "detached-hostile" mother.

Question 73

Discuss the various different classifications of sexual orientation that are currently used. Why is it important to move beyond the basic heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual classifications?

Question 74

LGBTQ people who self-label as queer are using the term in a self-affirming way.

Question 75

Someone who self-identities as bisexual is actually homosexual but does not yet consciously realize it.

Question 76

Discuss asexuality.

Question 77

Research suggests that butch-femme dimensions of female homosexuality are the product of societal expectations of gender roles.

Question 78

Research suggests that sexual orientation is more flexible in men compared to women.

Question 79

Gay men and lesbian women may engage in male-female activity while maintaining a gay sexual orientation.

Question 80

Explain the role of religions in past and current perceptions of same-gender sexual behaviour.