Deck 10: Conception, Pregnancy, and Child Birth

Question 1

The drug clomiphene works by stimulating the release of

A)estrogen in non-ovulating women.
B)testosterone in men with low sperm counts.
C)follicle-stimulating hormone in men with low sperm counts.
D)follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in non-ovulating women.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Laparoscopy is

A)an abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue swells beyond the abdominal cavity.
B)a medical procedure in which a long, narrow tube is inserted through an incision in the naval, permitting the visual inspection of organs in the pelvic cavity.
C)a test in which carbon dioxide gas is blown through the cervix and its progress through the reproductive tract is tracked to determine whether fallopian tubes are blocked.
D)a test in which a dye is injected into the reproductive tract and its progress is tracked by X-rays to determine whether the fallopian tubes are blocked.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Daphne is having trouble conceiving. Which of the following factors is most likely to cause this issue?

A)Low sexual desire
B)A yeast infection
C)Thin cervical fluid
D)Endometriosis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sarah and Jim have decided to have a child and have stopped using birth control. It has been several months and Sarah is still not pregnant. Which of the following suggestions should they follow to increase their chance of conception?

A)Use the female superior position.
B)Engage in coitus when her vaginal mucus is clean and thin.
C)Engage in coitus within a few hours of ovulation.
D)Engage in coitus when her basal temperature starts to climb.

Question 5

Rose is having difficulty conceiving because she is not ovulating. Why might this be?

A)She does not have enough body fat.
B)Her body temperature remains constant.
C)Her vaginal mucus is too watery.
D)Her cervix is angled forward.

Question 6

Just prior to ovulation, basal body temperature

A)rises slightly and remains higher for three to four days.
B)dips slightly then rises and remains elevated until menstruation.
C)rises slightly then dips and remains slightly lower until menstruation.
D)dips slightly and remains lower until menstruation ends.

Question 7

What percentage of North American couples experience infertility?

A)5%
B)15%
C)35%
D)45%

Question 8

Endometriosis occurs when

A)infectious agents scar the fallopian tubes.
B)cells break away from the uterine lining, implant, and grow elsewhere.
C)hormonal imbalances prevent ovulation.
D)malnutrition causes hormonal imbalances and prevents ovulation.

Question 9

From the perspective of sperm, the final obstacle to successfully fertilizing an ovum is

A)the fallopian cilia.
B)vaginal backflow.
C)thick cervical fluid.
D)the zona pellucida.

Question 10

Which of the following may contribute to a low sperm count?

A)Infrequent ejaculation
B)Cold showers or baths
C)A low-fat diet
D)Tight fitting underwear

Question 11

In what percentage of cases is the male partner the source of infertility?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 12

Hyaluronidase is a(n)

A)treatment for cervical cancer.
B)enzyme.
C)bacterium.
D)abnormal growth.

Question 13

Russell has a low sperm count. What can he do to increase his sperm count?

A)Incorporate high-fibre foods into his daily meals.
B)Undergo surgery to repair varicose veins in the scrotum.
C)Increase the frequency of cardiovascular exercise.
D)Keep scrotal temperature above at least 36° Celsius.

Question 14

Of couples who experience infertility problems, how many will eventually succeed in conceiving a child?

A)20%
B)35%
C)50%
D)60%

Question 15

John and his partner are trying to conceive. John knows that his sperm count is slightly low. Which recommendation should John follow for the best chance of conception?

A)John and his partner should have intercourse every day for the entire week.
B)John and his partner should have intercourse twice a day for the entire week.
C)John and his partner should engage in intercourse every 72 hours and John should masturbate every day to increase his sperm count.
D)John and his partner should have intercourse every 48 hours.

Question 16

Trent and Fiona have been having difficulty conceiving. However, they will not be considered infertile until they have been trying to become pregnant for at least how long?

A)3 months
B)6 months
C)10 months
D)12 months

Question 17

What percentage of female ovulation problems is attributed to a lack of ovulation?

A)3% to 5%
B)7% to 8%
C)10% to 15%
D)20% to 25%

Question 18

Over-the-counter ovulation kits analyze urine or saliva for the presence of

A)luteinizing hormone.
B)estrogen.
C)follicle stimulating hormone.
D)progesterone.

Question 19

Which is the most likely cause of infertility issues in men?

A)A pituitary imbalance
B)Low sperm count
C)Diabetes
D)Thyroid disease

Question 20

Collecting the sperm from multiple ejaculations of a man with low sperm count and injecting them into a woman's uterus is a technique known as

A)sperm uterine transfer.
B)natural fertility enhancement.
C)sperm multiplier therapy.
D)artificial insemination.

Question 21

Lori and Jules are a lesbian couple who want children. Ova are harvested from Jules, fertilized with donor sperm, and then inserted into Lori. This process is called

A)Reciprocal in vitro fertilization
B)Laparoscopic embryo transfer
C)Artificial ovum vitrification
D)Intracytoplasmic ova injection

Question 22

Sperm and ova are inserted together into a fallopian tube. This technique is called

A)gamete intrafallopian transfer, or GIFT.
B)zygote intrafallopian transfer, or ZIFT.
C)donor IVF.
D)embryonic transfer.

Question 23

The majority of miscarriages occur within the first ____ weeks of pregnancy.

A)2
B)4
C)7
D)9

Question 24

The beta subunit hCG radioimmunoassay can detect hCG in the woman's blood as early as

A)the third week of pregnancy.
B)about five days preceding the expected period.
C)two days after conception.
D)eight hours after endometrial tissue has been exposed to sperm.

Question 25

In Canada, surrogate motherhood is

A)illegal when it is done for pay.
B)illegal regardless of whether the surrogate mother is paid or not.
C)legal in some provinces but not in others.
D)legal only if the parents pay the surrogate mother a minimum deposit of $2500.

Question 26

The main provisions of the Assisted Human Reproduction Act passed by the Canadian Parliament in 2004 include all of the following except

A)banning the cloning of humans.
B)banning the selection of a baby's sex for non-medical purposes.
C)making it legal to pay women to be surrogate mothers.
D)making it illegal to pay for sperm donations.

Question 27

In vitro fertilization is a procedure in which

A)donor sperm is injected near the cervix or in the uterus.
B)sperm are removed from a man's testes and injected in the uterus.
C)eggs are removed from the ovary, fertilized, and implanted in the uterus.
D)sperm are amplified and injected directly into the fallopian tube.

Question 28

Over-the-counter pregnancy tests are intended to detect

A)luteinizing hormone in the urine.
B)lower than normal estrogen levels in the blood.
C)higher than normal follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the urine.
D)human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine.

Question 29

How long does it take a zygote to reach the uterus?

A)24 hours
B)Three to four days
C)Seven to eight days
D)Ten days

Question 30

The fetal stage begins in the

A)third week of pregnancy.
B)sixth week of pregnancy.
C)ninth week of pregnancy.
D)twelfth week of pregnancy.

Question 31

Anke is 10 weeks pregnant. This means that her child is in the _______ stage of prenatal development.

A)germinal
B)embryonic
C)fetal
D)post-natal

Question 32

________ is a method of conception in which a woman volunteer is artificially inseminated by the male partner of the intended mother, after which the embryo is removed from the volunteer and inserted into the uterus of the intended mother.

A)Embryonic transfer
B)Gamete intrafallopian transfer
C)Intracytoplasmic transfer
D)Zygote intrafallopian transfer

Question 33

Pregnant women often experience

A)an increase in sexual interest in the first trimester followed by a decrease in the second and third trimesters.
B)a gradual and consistent decrease in sexual interest as the pregnancy progresses.
C)no change in sexual interest compared to before they were pregnant.
D)a decline in sexual interest in the first trimester followed by an increase in the second.

Question 34

Several days into the germinal stage, the cell mass takes the form of a fluid-filled ball of cells, which is called a

A)follicle.
B)blastocyst.
C)morula.
D)zygote.

Question 35

The beta subunit hCG radioimmunoassay tests the ____ for hCG.

A)urine
B)blood
C)uterine secretions
D)vaginal discharge

Question 36

For many women, the first sign of pregnancy is

A)missing a period.
B)morning sickness.
C)retaining water.
D)a faint vaginal twinge.

Question 37

Marcie has elected to undergo in vitro fertilization. What will be the first step in this process?

A)Obtain viable ova
B)Freeze her eggs
C)Abstain from sex
D)Take fertility drugs

Question 38

Charlene and her partner want to have a baby, but Charlene cannot produce any ova in her ovaries. Which procedure will Charlene have to try in order to give birth?

A)ZIFT
B)Donor IVF
C)GIFT
D)IVF

Question 39

Astrid wants to have children, but her husband's sperm count is low. She is considering intracytoplasmic sperm injection in order to conceive. What are the risks associated with this procedure?

A)Spontaneous abortion
B)Increased risk of birth defects
C)Permanent infertility
D)Higher risk of stroke

Question 40

The protective environment in which the fetus grows is called the

A)placenta.
B)amniotic sac.
C)fallopian tubes.
D)ovum.

Question 41

In Rh incompatibility,

A)the child may be born with physical deformities.
B)the problem only affects a minority of Rh incompatible pregnancies.
C)the mother is Rh-positive but the baby is Rh-negative.
D)the mother is Rh-positive but the father is Rh-negative.

Question 42

What is the Lamaze method sometimes called?

A)Regular breathing
B)Partnered childbirth
C)Contraction control
D)Prepared childbirth

Question 43

Environmental influences or agents that can harm the embryo or fetus are called

A)chromosomal contaminants.
B)teratogens.
C)steroid fluids.
D)antigens.

Question 44

Sabra is in labour. Her cervix is dilated to 10 centimetres and she is experiencing contractions every 15 minutes. Next, she can expect that her

A)baby's head will move into the birth canal.
B)child's head will be visible at the vaginal opening.
C)infant will fully emerge and labour will be over.
D)placenta will be expelled from her body.

Question 45

Pre-eclampsia results from

A)high blood pressure.
B)rubella.
C)a rupture in the amniotic sac.
D)malnutrition.

Question 46

Cherisse is four weeks pregnant. Routine blood screening reveals that she is carrying syphilis. What should Cherisse know?

A)Maternal syphilis cannot cross the placenta.
B)She can be treated with antibiotics before the fourth month of her pregnancy.
C)She must wait until the sixth month, and then she can be treated with antibiotics.
D)The syphilis organism can only cross the placenta in the first two months of her pregnancy.

Question 47

The Lamaze method

A)was named after a French obstetrician.
B)aids a father in the delivery room.
C)eliminates use of anesthesia.
D)is a yoga exercise, designed to facilitate delivery.

Question 48

Marla smokes cigarettes but wants to have children. If she stops smoking before she becomes pregnant, she will reduce her child's risk of

A)childhood obesity.
B)schizophrenia.
C)sudden infant death.
D)congenital cataracts.

Question 49

The majority of babies born to mothers with HIV will

A)develop AIDS within three years.
B)develop AIDS within five years.
C)not be HIV positive.
D)be HIV positive.

Question 50

Ngan gave birth via Caesarean section. This procedure is likely to be performed if

A)the mother wants to avoid a loosening of her vaginal canal.
B)labour pains were not alleviated with the Lamaze method.
C)the infant is in a feet-first downwards position at labour.
D)a woman's water breaks before the initiation of labour.

Question 51

The critical period of vulnerability is a period of time during which an embryo or fetus is vulnerable to the effects of

A)estrogen.
B)teratogens.
C)bacteria.
D)illness.

Question 52

In the first stage of labour, the cervix dilates to about

A)3 cm.
B)10 cm.
C)5 cm.
D)4 cm.

Question 53

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a

A)set of symptoms that disappear once the mother stops drinking.
B)set of symptoms, including developmental lags, caused by maternal alcohol consumption.
C)condition in which a fetus experiences withdrawal symptoms after a mother has stopped drinking.
D)condition in which a baby is born addicted to alcohol.

Question 54

Baby Mary is small for her gestational age. She has a noticeably flattened nose and widely-spaced eyes, and her brain size is smaller than average. What would cause these characteristics?

A)Marijuana
B)Alcohol
C)Heroin
D)Tobacco

Question 55

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A)widen the cervix.
B)advance the baby through the birth canal.
C)become intense and frequent.
D)are false labour contractions.

Question 56

Vishay is pregnant and sees no harm in using marijuana. What would you tell her regarding marijuana use and pregnancy?

A)There are no known negative effects of marijuana use to the fetus.
B)THC is safe because it cannot cross the placenta to the fetus.
C)Maternal marijuana use is linked to future mental illness in their children.
D)THC is a recommended therapy for morning sickness.

Question 57

During the third stage of labour, the

A)placenta is expelled.
B)baby moves down the birth canal.
C)baby is born.
D)cervix fully dilates.

Question 58

An episiotomy is performed

A)when the woman's cervix is not dilating properly.
B)when the baby needs to be removed quickly due to pain in the mother.
C)if the baby's shoulders are too wide to emerge without tearing the perineum.
D)if there is risk of HIV viral transfer.

Question 59

Rubella infections contracted during the first month or two of pregnancy can result in children

A)who are born prematurely.
B)with physical and psychological deformities.
C)who are deaf or develop intellectual impairments, heart disease, or cataracts.
D)with liver and bone damage.

Question 60

Only a minority of babies born at the end of the second trimester survive if they

A)are born to teenage mothers.
B)weigh under a kilogram.
C)are not breastfed.
D)are prone to asthma.

Question 61

Which statement is true regarding breastfeeding in Canada?

A)The number of women breastfeeding their children has increased since 2001.
B)Children who were not breastfed have higher rates of anxiety.
C)Breastfeeding increases the incidence of allergies in babies.
D)High-income women are less likely to breastfeed their babies.

Question 62

Maggie has just given birth and wants to become pregnant again as soon as possible. She should wait to have sex until

A)after her first menstrual cycle.
B)at least one year after labour.
C)it is physically comfortable.
D)after breastfeeding has finished.

Question 63

In general, a couple's level of sexual interest following childbirth

A)is unlikely to be affected by childcare duties in the first few months.
B)will not revert to pre-pregnancy levels unless the couple wants to conceive another child.
C)is restored within three weeks after birth.
D)depends more on psychological than physical factors.

Question 64

Joanne has noticed a reddish vaginal discharge for the past few weeks since the birth of her son. She was told not to worry as this is normal and the discharge is called

A)postpartum bleeding (PPB).
B)lochia.
C)menses.
D)postpartum menstrual bleeding (PPMB).

Question 65

According to obstetricians, how long should women wait after childbirth before resuming intercourse?

A)Two weeks
B)12 weeks
C)16 weeks
D)Six weeks

Question 66

When a neonate is considered premature, it is because

A)it was born before 40 weeks.
B)it was born before 37 weeks.
C)it has a low birth weight.
D)it has not developed at the correct speed.

Question 67

Women who breastfeed their baby are more likely to

A)have decreased sexual desire.
B)initiate sexual activity.
C)see their breast as sexual objects.
D)have a stronger sexual response in terms of vaginal lubrication.

Question 68

Distal factors affecting teen pregnancy rates include

A)levels of contraceptive use.
B)economic conditions.
C)emotional stability.
D)age at first intercourse.

Question 69

Which hormone stimulates the production of milk?

A)Prostaglandins
B)Oxytocin
C)Progesterone
D)Prolactin

Question 70

Seema gave birth three weeks ago. She has since felt hopeless, has had difficulty concentrating, and cannot sleep. These are symptoms of

A)postpartum depression.
B)Rh incompatibility.
C)the baby blahs.
D)teratogen exposure.

Question 71

Any given woman is more likely to conceive a son than a daughter.

Question 72

The reasons the birth rate in Canada is declining include all of the following except

A)that women are marrying later.
B)that women are entering the workforce earlier.
C)that women are completing higher education.
D)increasing social acceptance of the choice not to have children.

Question 73

According to Save the Children research, rates of maternal mortality during childbirth and infant mortality are connected with the

A)use of contaminated cosmetic and baby feeding products.
B)environmental standards in different countries.
C)empowerment of women in a society.
D)percentage of women who become pregnant after age 30.

Question 74

A British Columbia study found that, compared to 1998, the percentage of sexually active youth who used an effective contraceptive method at last intercourse in 2003

A)decreased from 86.6% to 71.1%.
B)decreased from 67.5% to 56.7%.
C)increased from 53.2% to 68.4%.
D)increased from 77.4% to 86.9%.

Question 75

Which of the following factors is not identified by Saewyc (2007) as contributing to teen pregnancy among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth?

A)Wanting to show peers that they are heterosexual
B)Sexual assault of lesbian teens
C)Stigmatization based on sexual orientation
D)Less familiarity with effective contraceptive methods

Question 76

Farah is 16 years old and pregnant. Knowing that teen pregnancy is associated with poor socioeconomic outcomes, which of the following actions should she take?

A)Join the military
B)Graduate high school
C)Have a second child
D)Get a driver's license

Question 77

Since the mid-1970s, the teen pregnancy rate in Canada has

A)remained stable.
B)declined sharply.
C)declined overall but has been increasing since 2001.
D)increased consistently.

Question 78

A woman who wants to increase the probability of conception should elevate her pelvis for about an hour after sex.

Question 79

Transition is the process that occurs when the cervix becomes nearly fully dilated and the head moves into the birth canal.

Question 80

A fetus will probably not contract syphilis if the mother is treated with antibiotics in the first three months of her pregnancy.