Deck 21: The Digestive System

Question 1

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the

A) stomach.
B) pharynx.
C) esophagus.
D) bladder.
E) colon.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.

A) circular muscles
B) longitudinal muscles
C) muscularis mucosae
D) sphincters
E) muscularis externa

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A) appendix
B) pancreas
C) spleen
D) colon
E) esophagus

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

A) lamina propria.
B) muscularis mucosae.
C) submucosa.
D) submucosal plexus.
E) myenteric plexus.

Question 5

Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

A) submucosa
B) digestive epithelium
C) muscularis mucosae
D) lamina propria
E) mucosa

Question 6

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

A) serosa.
B) adventitia.
C) muscularis mucosa.
D) mucosa.
E) submucosa.

Question 7

What type muscle cells are arranged in sheets or layers, with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions and mechanically connected by dense bodies?

A) skeletal muscles
B) cardiac muscles
C) multi-unit smooth muscles
D) visceral smooth muscles

Question 8

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, except in the

A) oral cavity.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) oropharynx.

Question 9

The ability to function over a wide range of lengths is called

A) extensibility.
B) elasticity.
C) spasticity.
D) plasticity.
E) compaction.

Question 10

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

A) segmentation.
B) pendular movements.
C) peristalsis.
D) churning movements.
E) mastication.

Question 11

Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar?

A) submucosa
B) mucosal epithelium
C) muscularis mucosae
D) lamina propria
E) mucosa

Question 12

Which of these descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus?

A) component of mucosa
B) includes a sensory neural network
C) secretes a watery fluid
D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa
E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 13

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

A) simple squamous
B) stratified squamous
C) pseudostratified
D) stratified columnar
E) transitional

Question 14

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

A) serosa
B) adventitia
C) mesenteries
D) fibrosa
E) lamina propria

Question 15

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) submucosal plexus
D) muscularis mucosa
E) adventitia

Question 16

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

A) mucosa.
B) serosa.
C) adventitia.
D) submucosal plexus.
E) lamina propria.

Question 17

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A) mucosa.
B) submucosa.
C) muscularis.
D) adventitia.
E) serosa.

Question 18

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

A) increase intestinal motility.
B) decrease intestinal motility.
C) increase gastric secretion.
D) decrease gastric secretion.
E) interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.

Question 19

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

A) mucosa.
B) submucosa.
C) muscularis mucosa.
D) myenteric plexus.
E) submucosal plexus.

Question 20

Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?

A) component of mucosa
B) sensory neural network
C) secretes a watery fluid
D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa
E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 21

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

A) Canines
B) Bicuspids
C) Cuspids
D) Incisors
E) Molars

Question 22

Which of these statements about the tongue is False ?

A) dorsal surface covered with papillae
B) composed of muscles
C) lingual frenulum attaches ventral surface to floor of oral cavity
D) secretes lingual lipase
E) secretes salivary amylase

Question 23

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the

A) hard palate.
B) soft palate.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 24

The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

A) enamel.
B) cementum.
C) dentin.
D) pulp cavity.
E) periodontium.

Question 25

________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Six to ten

Question 26

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) duodenum.
E) ileum.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A) mechanical processing
B) absorption
C) compaction
D) ingestion
E) filtration

Question 28

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except

A) analysis of material before swallowing.
B) mechanical processing of food.
C) lubrication.
D) absorption of monosaccharides.
E) digestion of carbohydrates.

Question 29

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

A) enamel.
B) cementum.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) periodontium.

Question 30

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

A) hormones.
B) parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.
C) the contents of the digestive tract.
D) intrinsic nerve plexuses.
E) all of the above

Question 31

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

A) uvula.
B) pharyngeal arch.
C) palatoglossal arch.
D) palatopharyngeal arch.
E) epiglottis.

Question 32

Which of the following is a function of the tongue?

A) manipulation to assist with chewing
B) mechanical processing
C) sensory analysis
D) secretion of mucins
E) all of the above

Question 33

The crown of a tooth is covered by

A) enamel.
B) cementum.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) periodontium.

Question 34

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

A) vestibule.
B) gingiva.
C) alveolus.
D) uvula.
E) faux.

Question 35

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

A) Incisors
B) Bicuspids
C) Premolars
D) Cuspids
E) Molars

Question 36

The uvula is located at the

A) posterior of the tongue.
B) margin of the vestibule.
C) base of a tooth.
D) posterior margin of the soft palate.
E) margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.

Question 37

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the

A) uvula.
B) fauces.
C) lingual frenulum.
D) labial frenulum.
E) glossal septum.

Question 38

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) fauces.
D) vestibule.
E) dip sulcus.

Question 39

Functions of the tongue include all of the following, except

A) mechanical processing of food.
B) manipulation of food.
C) sensory analysis of food.
D) aiding in speech.
E) partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

Question 40

The root of a tooth is covered by

A) enamel.
B) cementum.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) the root canal.

Question 41

________ are also known as canines.

A) Bicuspids
B) Incisors
C) Molars
D) Secondary teeth
E) Cuspids

Question 42

Regions of the stomach include all of the following, except

A) cardia
B) body
C) pylorus
D) ileum
E) fundus

Question 43

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

A) body.
B) antrum.
C) pylorus.
D) cardia.
E) fundus.

Question 44

Functions of teeth include

A) tearing.
B) crushing.
C) cutting.
D) clipping.
E) all of the above

Question 45

Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the peritoneal cavity each day.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 2
D) 1
E) 7

Question 46

During deglutition,

A) the soft palate elevates.
B) the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes.
C) the lower esophageal sphincter opens.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 47

The greater omentum is

A) the entrance to the stomach.
B) attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature.
C) important in the digestion of fats.
D) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
E) a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver.

Question 48

During deglutition, which of the following phases is not present?

A) buccal
B) pharyngeal
C) laryngeal
D) esophageal
E) None of the above. All are phases in deglutition.

Question 49

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

A) falciform ligament
B) greater omentum
C) mesentery proper
D) lesser omentum
E) diaphragm

Question 50

The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

A) falciform ligament
B) greater omentum
C) mesentery proper
D) lesser omentum
E) diaphragm

Question 51

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

A) cardia.
B) pylorus.
C) fundus.
D) antrum.
E) body.

Question 52

Which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to?

A) fundus
B) cardia
C) body
D) antrum
E) pylorus

Question 53

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

A) falciform ligament
B) greater omentum
C) mesentery proper
D) lesser omentum
E) diaphragm

Question 54

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called

A) peritoneal sheets.
B) mesenteries.
C) ascites.
D) the diaphragm.
E) the dorsal and ventral frenulums.

Question 55

________ crush and grind food.

A) Bicuspids
B) Incisors
C) Molars
D) Cuspids
E) Both bicuspids and molars

Question 56

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

A) mastication.
B) moving the tongue.
C) swallowing.
D) esophageal peristalsis.
E) opening the cardiac sphincter.

Question 57

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

A) antrum.
B) fundus.
C) body.
D) cardia.
E) pylorus.

Question 58

The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity

A) secretes peritoneal fluid.
B) decreases friction.
C) lubricates the cavity.
D) prevents irritation.
E) all of the above

Question 59

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

A) Molars
B) Cuspids
C) Eye teeth
D) Canines
E) Dentins

Question 60

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the gut tube. These include

A) epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous.
B) epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar.
C) muscularis externa may be striated muscle.
D) epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous, and muscularis externa may be striated muscle.
E) epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar, and muscularis externa may be striated muscle.

Question 61

Figure 21-1 The Stomach (dissected)
Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A) esophagus
B) cardia
C) lesser curvature
D) greater curvature
E) pylorus

Question 62

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

A) a lower pH during gastric digestion.
B) a higher pH during gastric digestion.
C) decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.
D) increased protein digestion in the stomach.
E) decreased gastrin production.

Question 63

Parietal cells secrete

A) pepsinogen.
B) gastrin.
C) mucus.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) enteropeptidase.

Question 64

Gastric pits are

A) ridges in the body of the stomach.
B) involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach.
C) openings into gastric glands.
D) acid scars in the esophagus.
E) hollows where proteins are stored.

Question 65

The ________ mechanically digests ingested food.

A) small intestine
B) esophagus
C) large intestine
D) stomach
E) anus

Question 66

A feature of the digestive epithelium that assists expansion of the stomach is the presence of

A) transitional cells.
B) plicae.
C) elastic cells.
D) rugae.
E) both plicae and rugae.

Question 67

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is

A) pepsin.
B) trypsin.
C) gastrin.
D) rennin.
E) cholecystokinin.

Question 68

Figure 21-1 The Stomach (dissected)
Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "12."

A) fundus
B) cardia
C) lesser curvature
D) greater curvature
E) pylorus

Question 69

Plicae and intestinal villi

A) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
B) carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.
C) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.
D) secrete digestive enzymes.
E) produce hormones.

Question 70

Which of the following is greater?

A) the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal
B) the pH of the blood in gastric veins following a 24-hour fast
C) The pH of the blood in the gastric veins could be greater after a meal or after a fast; there is not enough information to predict.
D) The pH of the blood in the gastric veins is constant because of buffering.

Question 71

Figure 21-1 The Stomach (dissected)
Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "10."

A) longitudinal muscle layer
B) circular muscle layer
C) oblique muscle layer
D) rugae
E) submucosa

Question 72

Chief cells secrete

A) pepsinogen.
B) gastrin.
C) mucus.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) intrinsic factor.

Question 73

Which structure helps the stomach to stretch as it fills with food?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 9

Question 74

All of the following are True of the lining of the stomach, except that it

A) has a simple columnar epithelium.
B) is covered by thick, alkaline mucus.
C) is constantly being replaced.
D) contains gastric pits.
E) recycles bile.

Question 75

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

A) cardia.
B) papillae.
C) rugae.
D) plicae.
E) villi.

Question 76

What is the function of the structure labeled "6"?

A) strains materials entering the stomach
B) regulates release of chyme into the duodenum
C) mixes stomach juice into food
D) controls contraction of stomach muscles
E) prevents food from entering the esophagus

Question 77

The enzyme pepsin digests

A) carbohydrates.
B) proteins.
C) lipids.
D) nucleic acids.
E) vitamins.

Question 78

Lacteals

A) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
B) carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.
C) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.
D) secrete digestive enzymes.
E) produce milk.

Question 79

Plicae circulares are

A) ridges in the wall of the stomach.
B) circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.
C) fingerlike projections on the surface of the mucosa of the small intestine.
D) sacculations in the colon.
E) abnormal structures formed by excessive pressure in the small intestine.

Question 80

Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for

A) protein malnutrition.
B) vitamin B12 deficiency.
C) diarrhea.
D) dehydration.
E) an ulcer.