Deck 5: Memory Structures and Processes

Question 1

You are about to take a final exam, and you are spending the last few minutes in class going over your notes before the professor hands out the test. There are certain topics you studied very well, but others you are not so sure about. As soon as the professor hands out the test, you scribble down those few terms you are not very confident about, before you forget them. These terms are likely stored in _____.

A) Short-term memory
B) Long-term memory
C) Sensory memory
D) Echoic memory

Answer 1

Short-term memory

Question 2

_____ is the briefest form of memory.

A) Sensory memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Working memory
D) Long-term memory

Answer 2

Sensory memory

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of memory formation?

A) Encoding, storage, retrieval
B) Storage, retrieval, encoding
C) Storage, encoding, retrieval
D) Encoding, retrieval, storage

Answer 3

Encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 4

The capacity of short-term memory is _____.

A) 7 +/- 2 bits of information
B) 5 +/- 2 bits of information
C) 7 +/- 2 words
D) 5 +/- 2 words

Question 5

Visual sensory memories last for approximately _____.

A) 1 second
B) 1 minute
C) 5 seconds
D) 3 seconds

Question 6

Very brief memories are to _____ as fairly brief memories are to _____ as longer-held memories are to _____.

A) Long-term memory; sensory memory; short-term memory
B) Sensory memory; long-term memory; short-term memory
C) Short-term memory; sensory memory; long-term memory
D) Sensory memory; short-term memory; long-term memory

Question 7

Which of these is NOT a component of memory formation?

A) encoding
B) storage
C) retrieval
D) forgetting

Question 8

Memory has been described as all of the following EXCEPT:

A) A wax tablet that can be molded, melted, and remolded
B) A filing system for information organized in different ways
C) A collection of independent processes
D) A storage unit or structure where information is held

Question 9

Remember your phone number in sequences such as xxx-xxx-xxxx, and your social security number in sequences such as xxx-xx-xxxx is an example of _____.

A) encoding
B) sensory memory
C) chunking
D) short-term memory

Question 10

When you were young, your teacher likely had you write your name, phone number, and address out repeatedly in order to help you remember them. This rehearsal helped get the information from _____ to _____.

A) Working memory; sensory memory
B) Sensory memory; working memory
C) Short-term memory; long-term memory
D) Sensory memory; short-term memory

Question 11

You spent several days studying very hard for your psychology final exam and are confident you are going to perform well. However, in the middle of taking the exam, you are stuck on a question and find yourself struggling to remember a topic that you are being questioned on. This is most likely a problem with _____.

A) Encoding
B) Your studying habits
C) Storage
D) Retrieval

Question 12

_____ is an intermediate memory storage that begins processing of perceptual information transferred from _____.

A) Short-term memory; working memory
B) Working memory; short-term memory
C) Long-term memory; short-term memory
D) Short-term memory; sensory memory

Question 13

You arrive at the local shopping mall to pick up a few things. The parking lot is crowded, but you find a spot towards the back. While in the mall, you find that you do not think of your parking spot, but have no trouble remembering where you parked when it is time to leave. This particularly illustrates your brain's ability to _____ information.

A) forget
B) store
C) change
D) encode

Question 14

Imagine that you are sitting in class, listening to your professor lecture, viewing slides on the projector that he is flipping through. Your brain understands these slides as varying forms of light. This translation is an example of _____.

A) storage
B) encoding
C) retrieval
D) a translator

Question 15

You are at a professional football game. You look across from your seat, and notice the other side of the stadium and all of the people in their seats. You close your eyes, and for a brief second, you see an accurate afterimage of that view in your mind. This is an example of _____.

A) Echoic memory
B) Working memory
C) Sensory memory
D) Short-term memory

Question 16

You are participating in a study in which you are presented with an array of letters. However, you are only asked to report the top line of 5 rows (much like an eye exam). This best illustrates _____.

A) A full-report method
B) A delayed-report method
C) A varied-report method
D) A partial-report method

Question 17

You have been working at a bank for the last 4 years, but they recently changed systems and you had to relearn how to perform every task. However, after a while, you notice that you cannot remember how you used to perform these tasks using the old system. This is an example of _____.

A) Retroactive interference
B) Proactive interference

Question 18

Clive Wearing lost his ability to form new memories due to damage to his _____, resulting from encephalitis.

A) hippocampus
B) parietal cortex
C) frontal lobe
D) insular cortex

Question 19

You just recently bought a new cell phone and had to change your phone number. However, your old phone number keeps interfering with your ability to remember your new phone number. This is an example of _____.

A) Retroactive interference
B) Proactive interference

Question 20

Encoding the color of a stimulus is to the _____ as encoding the smell of that stimulus is to the _____.

A) Temporal cortex; visual cortex
B) Visual cortex; temporal cortex
C) Visual cortex; frontal lobe
D) Parietal lobe; temporal cortex

Question 21

Short-term memory has a limited capacity and unlimited duration.

Question 22

An example of sensory memory would be remembering your phone number from childhood.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of Baddeley's proposed components of his working memory model?

A) Episodic buffer
B) Visuospatial sketchpad
C) Phonological loop
D) Central loop

Question 24

Your memory for cognitive psychology terms is an example of _____

A) Semantic memory
B) Procedural memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Working memory

Question 25

The correct order of memory processes is as follows: storage, encoding, and retrieval.

Question 26

Being able to recall what you had for breakfast yesterday illustrates your _____.

A) Short-term memory
B) Long-term memory
C) Sensory memory
D) Working memory

Question 27

_____ memory is unconscious memory.

A) Explicit
B) Implicit
C) Sensory
D) Long-term memory

Question 28

Retroactive interference in when old information interferes with the storage or retrieval of new information.

Question 29

Memories have been classified according to duration.

Question 30

When you took your introductory psychology course, you likely learned a little bit about many different areas of psychology. However, as you began taking other psychology courses, you likely found that your professors would elaborate on information you already learned in your introductory psychology course. Essentially, you were adding new information onto existing information that you already knew. This is an example of your _____.

A) Working memory
B) Long-term memory
C) Short-term memory
D) Procedural memory

Question 31

The _____ controls the flow of information between the _____, the _____, and the _____.

A) Central executive; episodic buffer; phonological loop; visuospatial sketchpad
B) Central executive; short-term memory; phonological loop; visuospatial sketchpad
C) Episodic buffer; central executive; phonological loop; visuospatial sketchpad
D) Phonological loop; central executive; episodic buffer; visuospatial sketchpad

Question 32

Old information interfering with the storage or retrieval of new information is to _____, as new information interfering with the storage of retrieval of old information is to _____.

A) Retroactive interference; proactive interference
B) Proactive interference; retroactive interference

Question 33

Remembering how to drive a car is an example of _____.

A) Semantic memory
B) Procedural memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Working memory

Question 34

Remembering your 5th birthday party is an example of _____.

A) Semantic memory
B) Procedural memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Working memory

Question 35

Chunking is a method used to increase the number of pieces of information one can remember.

Question 36

Clive Wearing's hippocampus was damaged due to meningitis.

Question 37

The briefest form of memory is short-term memory.

Question 38

You remember that you need to stop at the store on the way home from school. This is an example of _____.

A) Explicit memory
B) Implicit memory
C) Procedural memory
D) Prospective memory

Question 39

The phonological loop is to _____ as the visuospatial sketchpad is to _____.

A) Verbal information; visual information
B) Visual information; verbal information

Question 40

Multiple choice questions are to _____ as essay questions are to _____.

A) Recall; recognition
B) Recognition; recall

Question 41

Discuss the process that a memory goes through during formation. Include neuroanatomical considerations.

Question 42

Proactive interference is when new information interferes with the storage or retrieval of old information.

Question 43

Define working memory and discuss Baddeley's model of working memory.

Question 44

Discuss three[or the?] types of long-term memories, and give an example of each.

Question 45

An example of a procedural memory would be how to ride your bicycle.