Deck 7: Memory Errors

Question 1

The DRM procedure assesses _____.

A) False memories
B) amnesia
C) forgetfulness
D) memory bias

Answer 1

False memories

Question 2

A lack of attention during encoding or retrieval results in poor memory, and is known as _____.

A) Transience
B) Absentmindedness
C) Blocking
D) Source Misattribution

Answer 2

Absentmindedness

Question 3

In a study by Clifasefi et al. (2013), subjects who had False memories created by suggestions from researchers of an earlier event when they got sick drinking vodka showed a _____ preference for drinking vodka in the future.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) similar

Answer 3

decreased

Question 4

Cognitive interview _____ accurate witness retrieval of event details as compared to typical police questioning.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) is comparable to

Question 5

A _____ is a general knowledge structure for an event or situation.

A) script
B) memory
C) story
D) schema

Question 6

After breaking up with your partner, you are grateful to be out of a negative relationship. However, your next relationship turns out to not be much better, and you find yourself missing the "old days" of being happy with your ex. This is an example of _____

A) bias
B) persistence
C) source misattribution
D) transience

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of source misattribution?

A) Your mother thinking you told her that you needed deodorant from the store when it was actually your sister
B) John telling his girlfriend that he lost his keys, when he actually only dreamt it
C) Jennifer reporting that Ronald Cotton was the criminal when it was actually someone else
D) Isabelle telling Marie that she heard a rumor from John, when she actually heard it from Joseph

Question 8

_____ described "seven sins of memory."

A) Elizabeth Loftus
B) Daniel Schacter
C) Ronald Cotton
D) Sir Frederick C. Bartlett

Question 9

In Loftus and Palmer's study, participants were more likely to report seeing broken glass when they were presented with what word?

A) smashed
B) crashed
C) hit
D) collided

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an example of an application of eyewitness memory research?

A) Police questioning
B) Police line-ups
C) Eyewitness testimony
D) Plagiarism

Question 11

Imagine you are watching a movie, and you recognize an actor. Their name is "on the tip on your tongue" - this is an example of _____.

A) Source misattribution
B) Absentmindedness
C) Transience
D) Blocking

Question 12

Sir Frederick C. Bartlett found that participants in his study tended to reconstruct memories based on _____.

A) Cultural biases
B) Gender biases
C) Work biases
D) stigmas

Question 13

Imagine that you are recalling a conversation you recently had with someone concerning an interesting event in your hometown. You cannot remember the details of the event, but end up supplementing your memory based on the recollections of your friend. What are you potentially falling victim to?

A) persistence
B) blocking
C) bias
D) the misinformation effect

Question 14

Having a song stuck in your head all day is an example of _____.

A) an irritant
B) transience
C) persistence
D) transience.

Question 15

_____ is a term for normal forgetting of information over time.

A) Transience
B) Absentmindedness
C) Persistence
D) Bias

Question 16

Altering memories or creating False memories for events we have never experienced is _____.

A) Source misattribution
B) transience
C) suggestibility
D) bias

Question 17

Clive Wearing was diagnosed with amnesia after suffering from a form of _____.

A) Cellulitis
B) Meningitis
C) Encephalitis
D) Traumatic brain injury

Question 18

Mary participates in a study where she is asked to read the following words: "frigid, chilly, winter, freeze, shiver, frost, air, wet" - and she is asked to write down all of the words she remembers. She includes "snow" in the list of words she remembers, even though "snow" wasn't on the list. This is an example of _____.

A) persistence
B) blocking
C) transience
D) False memory

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a way to decrease potential False eyewitness testimony?

A) Double-blind lineups
B) Telling the identifier that the suspect may not be in the lineup
C) Presenting one suspect at a time
D) Presenting all suspects at once

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of memory failure?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Attention deficit disorder

Question 21

Anne suffers from amnesia, and cannot remember how to get from her bedroom to the living room. However, once she sits down, she is able to crochet easily. Anne has an intact _____.

A) Explicit memory
B) Implicit memory

Question 22

_____ are protein fibers that develop in a neuron's nucleus, decreasing its ability to function properly.

A) plaques
B) beta
C) tangles
D) synapses

Question 23

Ava tells her friend a story, thinking that she originally heard it from her mother, when she actually dreamt it. This is known as source misattribution.

Question 24

_____ are bundles of protein that develop in the space between neurons known as the synapse.

A) clusters
B) tangles
C) tau
D) plaques

Question 25

The only people susceptible to memory errors are elderly people with varying diagnoses of dementia.

Question 26

Having a Nick Jonas song stuck in your head all day is an example of memory bias.

Question 27

The DRM procedure was adapted from the earlier methodology of Roediger.

Question 28

_____ involves unintentional retrieval of memory.

A) Explicit memory
B) Implicit memory
C) Retrograde amnesia
D) Anterograde amnesia

Question 29

In the classic study by Loftus & Palmer, subjects were more likely to report the car as going faster when they were asked how fast the cars were going when they "hit" each other.

Question 30

_____ amnesia is to the events before the damage as _____ amnesia is to events following damage.

A) Retrograde; anterograde
B) Anterograde; retrograde
C) Past; future
D) Old; new

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a way to help prevent Alzheimer's disease?

A) Aerobic exercise
B) Memory training
C) Brain games
D) Eating fast food

Question 32

Bartlett's studies on the reconstructive nature of memory found that people tend to rely on their own experiences to supplement their memories.

Question 33

Normal forgetting over time is known as absentmindedness.

Question 34

It is advisable to be careful how one words a question to a child, due to the fact that children are particularly susceptible to False memories. This is known as suggestibility.

Question 35

Childhood amnesia seems to be specific to _____ memories.

A) procedural
B) semantic
C) episodic
D) implicit

Question 36

Jodie is 45 years old and cannot remember any events from before the age of 5. This could be a diagnosis of _____.

A) Anterograde amnesia
B) Infantile amnesia
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) Temporal amnesia

Question 37

_____ are to ____ proteins as _____ are to _____ proteins.

A) Tangles; beta amyloid; plaques; tau amyloid
B) Plaques; beta amyloid; tangles; tau amyloid

Question 38

Jonathan cannot explicitly retrieve memories following a traumatic brain injury. What area of the brain is likely damaged?

A) hippocampus
B) temporal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) Broca's area

Question 39

A lack of attention during encoding or retrieval results in poor memory.

Question 40

The fact that cats are fuzzy, have tails and four legs is an example of a schema.

Question 41

Discuss potential methodology you could use to test the occurrence of False memory. Specifically, what kind of stimuli would you use?

Question 42

Discuss the different types of amnesia, and how implicit and explicit memory are affected by amnesia. Lastly, name the biological features associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Question 43

List Daniel Schacter's seven sins of memory, and give an example of each.