Deck 17: Hypothesis Testing Related to Differences

Question 1

The t distribution is a symmetric bell-shaped distribution that is useful for small sample testing.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Two samples that are not experimentally related are called dependent samples.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A t-test of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Parametric tests provide inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

Question 5

The two sets of degrees of freedom on which the F distribution depends are the degrees of freedom in the numerator and the degrees of freedom in the denominator.

Question 6

A two-tailed test is more conservative than the corresponding one-tailed test.

Question 7

According to the text,samples drawn randomly from different populations are termed independent samples.

Question 8

According to the text,the t distribution is similar to the normal distribution in appearance.

Question 9

For a large sample size,the t distribution approaches the normal distribution.Thus,the t-test and the z-test are equivalent.

Question 10

The t statistic is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known; the population variance is estimated from the sample.

Question 11

The most popular parametric test is the t-test conducted for examining hypotheses about means.

Question 12

The t statistic is calculated by assuming that the sample size is large.

Question 13

Non-parametric tests are hypothesis testing procedures that assume the variables of interest are measured on at least an interval scale.

Question 14

A z-test is a univariate hypothesis test using the standard normal distribution.

Question 15

The F statistic is computed as the ratio of two sample variances.

Question 16

An F-test is commonly used for the purpose of providing inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

Question 17

In advertising testing,attitude toward the brand was measured for respondents of a sample before and after seeing an ad for a brand.A one-sample t-test would then be used to evaluate whether the ad had any effect on attitude toward the ad.

Question 18

A frequency distribution that depends on two sets of degrees of freedom is called an F distribution.

Question 19

In the case of conducting the t-test on the means of two samples of observations,the samples can be independent or paired.

Question 20

A univariate hypothesis test using the t distribution,which is used when the standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is small,is called the z-test.

Question 21

According to the text,hypotheses related to differences in the population means and proportions can be tested using the t distribution.

Question 22

The F static is computed as the ratio of two sample means.

Question 23

The sum of squares divided by the appropriate degrees of freedom is called the F statistic.

Question 24

In ANOVA,a particular combination of factor levels or categories is called treatment conditions.

Question 25

An ANOVA technique in which there is only one factor is called two-way analysis of variance.

Question 26

It is not possible to conduct hypothesis testing if the data collected in social media are qualitative in nature.

Question 27

In many marketing research applications,the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples.Rather,the observations relate to paired samples in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.

Question 28

A test for differences in the means of paired samples is called the paired samples t-test.

Question 29

The critical value of the F distribution depends upon two sets of degrees of freedom-those in the numerator and those in the denominator.

Question 30

Eta² varies between -1 and 1.

Question 31

According to the text,the independent variables must be all nonmetric to use an ANOVA.

Question 32

Eta² is the correlation between two variables.

Question 33

Significance of the overall effect indicates that some differences exist between some of the treatment groups.

Question 34

All of the following are types of tests of differences EXCEPT:

A) one sample.
B) two independent samples.
C) paired samples.
D) more than two samples.
E) unitary samples.

Question 35

The categorical independent variables used in an analysis of variance are called factors.

Question 36

________ are hypothesis testing procedures that assume the variables of interest are measured on at least an interval scale.

A) Non-parametric tests
B) Parametric tests
C) Parallel tests
D) Regression tests
E) Interval tests

Question 37

In its simplest form,ANOVA must have a dependent variable that is metric.

Question 38

Procedures for examining differences between more than two means are called distribution of variance.

Question 39

One-way analysis of variance involves only one categorical variable,or a single factor that defines the different samples or groups.

Question 40

Analysis of variance is a statistical technique for examining the differences among means for two or more populations.

Question 41

The ________ is computed as the ratio of two sample variances.

A) F statistic
B) p statistic
C) t statistic
D) z statistic
E) chi-square statistic

Question 42

A ________ is a univariate hypothesis test using the standard normal distribution.

A) F-test
B) p-test
C) t-test
D) z-test
E) chi-square test

Question 43

According to the text,samples drawn randomly from different populations are termed ________.

A) dependent samples
B) parallel samples
C) exclusive samples
D) independent samples
E) divergent samples

Question 44

A(n)________ of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance.

A) p-test
B) F-test
C) t-test
D) z-test
E) chi-square test

Question 45

The critical value for a one-tailed z-test,given a significance level of 0.05,would be ________.

A) either -1.96 or 1.96
B) either -4.0 or 4.0
C) either -1.25 or 1.25
D) either -1.71 or 1.71
E) either -1.645 or 1.645

Question 46

According to the text,the t distribution is similar to the ________ in appearance.

A) parallel distribution
B) normal distribution
C) vertical distribution
D) horizontal distribution
E) chi-square distribution

Question 47

The t statistic is calculated by assuming that all of the following exists EXCEPT:

A) the variable is normally distributed.
B) the mean is known.
C) the population variance is estimated from the sample.
D) the sample size is large.
E) C and D

Question 48

The most popular parametric test is the ________ conducted for examining hypotheses about means.

A) F-test
B) p-test
C) t-test
D) z-test
E) parametric test

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT an example of a statement that is about a single variable against a known or given standard?

A) The market share for the new product will exceed 15 percent.
B) The proportion of households with an Internet connection in the United States exceeds the proportion of those in Germany.
C) At least 65 percent of customers will like the new package design.
D) The average monthly household expenditure on groceries exceeds $500.
E) The new service plan will be preferred by at least 70 percent of the customers.

Question 50

Which statement is not true concerning the t distribution?

A) Compared to the normal distribution, the t distribution has more area in the tails and less in the center.
B) As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the t distribution approaches the normal distribution.
C) The t distributions are skewed to the left.
D) The population variance is unknown and is estimated by the sample variance s².

Question 51

The ________ is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known (or assumed to be known)and the population variance is estimated from the sample.

A) F statistic
B) t statistic
C) z statistic
D) none of the above

Question 52

According to the text,the ________ can be conducted on the means of one sample or two samples of observations.

A) F-test
B) p-test
C) t-test
D) z-test
E) k-means test

Question 53

________ tests provide inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

A) Non-parametric
B) Parametric
C) Parallel
D) Regression
E) Parent population

Question 54

Two samples that are not experimentally related are called ________.

A) independent samples
B) dependent samples
C) parallel samples
D) exclusive samples
E) non-experimental samples

Question 55

In the case of conducting the t-test on the means of two samples of observations,the samples can be ________ or ________.

A) independent; random
B) random; exclusive
C) exclusive; dependent
D) independent; paired
E) set-up; breakdown

Question 56

A univariate hypothesis test using the t distribution,which is used when the standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is small,is called the ________.

A) t-test
B) F-test
C) p-test
D) z-test
E) k-means test

Question 57

Which of the following is the first step in hypothesis testing based on the t statistic?

A) Select the appropriate formula for the t statistic.
B) Take one or two samples and compute the mean.
C) Select a significance level α for testing.
D) Refer to statistical tables.
E) Formulate the null (H₀) and the alternative (H₁) hypotheses.

Question 58

The ________ is a statistic that assumes that the variable has a symmetric bell-shaped distribution and the mean is known,and the population variance is estimated from the sample.

A) a statistic
B) p statistic
C) t statistic
D) z statistic
E) bell statistic

Question 59

A(n)________ is commonly used for the purpose of providing inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

A) F-test
B) p-test
C) t-test
D) z-test
E) chi-square test

Question 60

The ________ is a symmetric bell-shaped distribution that is useful for small sample testing.

A) F distribution
B) p distribution
C) t distribution
D) z distribution
E) chi-square distribution

Question 61

An ANOVA technique in which there is only one factor is called ________.

A) one-way analysis of variance
B) two-way analysis of variance
C) parallel analysis of variance
D) concurrent analysis of variance
E) unitary analysis of variance

Question 62

The categorical independent variables used in an analysis of variance are called ________.

A) factors
B) records
C) elements
D) variables
E) correlations

Question 63

________ involves only one categorical variable,or a single factor that defines the different samples or groups.

A) Two-way analysis of variance
B) Parallel analysis of variance
C) One-way analysis of variance
D) Concurrent analysis of variance
E) Unitary analysis of variance

Question 64

The two sets of degrees of freedom in which the F distribution depends on are the degrees of freedom in the ________ and the degrees of freedom in the ________.

A) sample; questionnaire
B) numerator; denominator
C) variance; standard deviation
D) t-test; F-test
E) matrix; contingency table

Question 65

In its simplest form,ANOVA must have a(n)________ that is metric.

A) independent variable
B) dependent variable
C) insignificant variable
D) random variable
E) t-test

Question 66

Procedures for examining differences between more than two means are called ________.

A) paired samples t-tests
B) analysis of variance
C) factor analysis
D) distribution of variance
E) canonical correlation

Question 67

Which would be the appropriate way to test differences in proportions for more than two samples?

A) t-test if variance is unknown
B) z-test
C) paired t-test
D) F-test for equality of variances
E) cross-tabulation procedure to conduct a chi-square test

Question 68

According to the text,hypotheses related to differences in population means if the population variance is unknown can be tested using the ________.

A) F distribution
B) p distribution
C) t distribution
D) z distribution
E) chi-square distribution

Question 69

The critical values for a two-tailed z-test,given a significance level of 0.05,would be ________.

A) -1.65 and 1.65
B) -4.0 or 4.0
C) -1.25 or 1.25
D) -1.71 or 1.71
E) -1.96 and 1.96

Question 70

A test for differences in the means of paired samples is called the ________.

A) paired samples t-test
B) paired samples F-test
C) paired samples p-test
D) paired samples z-test
E) paired samples ratio test

Question 71

In ANOVA,a particular combination of factor levels or categories is called ________ conditions.

A) significant
B) treatment
C) dependent
D) standard
E) combinatory

Question 72

The sum of squares divided by the appropriate degrees of freedom is called the ________.

A) F statistic
B) t statistic
C) p value
D) mean square
E) residual

Question 73

In many marketing research applications,the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples.Rather,the observations relate to ________ in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.

A) distributed samples
B) independent samples
C) paired samples
D) random samples
E) divergent samples

Question 74

Examples of hypotheses related to paired samples include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Shoppers consider brand name to be more important than price while purchasing fashion clothing.
B) Households spend more money on pizza than they do on hamburgers.
C) The proportion of households who subscribe to a daily newspaper exceeds the proportion subscribing to magazines.
D) The new service plan will be preferred by at least 70 percent of the customers.
E) The proportion of a bank's customers who have a checking account exceeds the proportion who have a savings account.

Question 75

In one-way ANOVA,separation of the variation observed in the dependent variable into the variation due to the independent variables plus the variation due to error is called ________.

A) decomposition of the total variation
B) predisposed total variation
C) total analysis of variation
D) significance of the overall effect
E) two-part variation

Question 76

A frequency distribution that depends on two sets of degrees of freedom is called a(n)________.

A) p distribution
B) t distribution
C) F distribution
D) z distribution
E) chi-square distribution

Question 77

________ indicates that some differences exist between some of the treatment groups.

A) Decomposition of the total variation
B) Predisposed total variation
C) Total analysis of variation
D) Significance of the overall effect
E) Divergent validity

Question 78

According to the text,the independent variables must be all ________ to use an ANOVA.

A) metric
B) measured using an interval scale
C) nonmetric
D) measured using a ratio scale
E) correlated

Question 79

If the probability of F is greater than the significance level α,________ and ________ should be used.

A) H₀ is rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"
B) H₀ is not rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"
C) H₀ is rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"
D) H₀ is not rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"

Question 80

________ is a statistical technique for examining the differences among means for two or more populations.

A) Paired samples t-test
B) Factor analysis
C) Distribution of variance
D) Analysis of variance
E) Discriminant analysis