Deck 9: Global Stratification

Question 1

Typically, people in low-income countries do more physical labor, but they consume fewer calories than people in rich nations.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

High-income countries are the home of the world's largest corporations as well as the world's top financial markets.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A recent United Nations report shows that, in general, high-income nations have a higher quality of life than low-income nations.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The region in the world with the greatest number of poor "street children" is Latin America.

Question 5

For every dollar earned by someone in a low-income nation, a person in a high-income nation earns about four dollars.

Question 6

Compared to poverty in the United States, poverty throughout the world as a whole is more widespread and more severe.

Question 7

Although Africa is a poor region of the world, people live almost as long as in the United States.

Question 8

Although poverty continues, the world has ended the practice of slavery.

Question 9

Even people with income at our country's poverty line live better than a majority of the world's people.

Question 10

In low-income nations, inequality between men and women is greater than it is in high-income countries.

Question 11

The richest 20 percent of the world's people receive 50 percent of the entire world's income.

Question 12

The text defines middle-income nations as having per capita income between $2,500 and $12,000 per year.

Question 13

Some forms of marriage found in the world today amount to slavery.

Question 14

The poorest 20 percent of the world's people live on just 2 percent of the world's income.

Question 15

Global income is divided more equally than income within the United States.

Question 16

In low-income nations, the majority of the people live in villages and small towns where farming is the most common way to make a living.

Question 17

In 2011, the world's three richest individuals each had more wealth than the total economic output of the world's poorest 100 countries.

Question 18

Japan and Australia are examples of middle-income nations.

Question 19

The former Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern Europe are low-income countries.

Question 20

Low-income countries are home to more than half of the world's people.

Question 21

Modernization theory claims that what we need to explain in human history is not poverty but affluence.

Question 22

The poorest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income?

A) 2 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 15 percent

Question 23

The death of 52 garment workers in a Bangladeshi sweatshop shows that

A) the lives of the world's poor are far worse than many people in the United States realize.
B) workers have greater power in poor countries than they do in the United States.
C) workplace regulations are very strict in low-income nations.
D) most nations exhibit similar economic productivity.

Question 24

Dependency theory claims that the widespread poverty in low-income countries has little to do with great affluence in high-income countries.

Question 25

Modernization theory focuses on the production of wealth, while dependency theory focuses on the distribution of wealth.

Question 26

Huge businesses that operate in many different countries are called multinational corporations.

Question 27

Rich nations are now in debt to low-income nations because of the amount of raw material that they buy.

Question 28

The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income?

A) 25 percent
B) 37 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 77 percent

Question 29

Global inequality is partly a problem of technology, and it is also a political issue.

Question 30

In Walt Rostow's model of economic development, the first stage before the modernization process begins is called "take-off stage."

Question 31

Dependency theory claims that the economic positions of the rich and poor nations of the globe are linked.

Question 32

During the twentieth century, the standard of living in high-income countries, where the Industrial Revolution took place, increased dramatically.

Question 33

Critics say that dependency theory wrongly treats wealth as a zero-sum, ignoring how the world has become much richer over time.

Question 34

Colonialism and neocolonialism both refer to a situation where one country politically rules or controls another country.

Question 35

Modernization theory claims that rich nations can and do help solve the world's poverty problem.

Question 36

In low-income nations, population growth is generally very high.

Question 37

There is less economic inequality in the world today than there was a century ago.

Question 38

Dependency theory states that high-income nations have narrow, export-oriented economies.

Question 39

Dependency theory claims that poverty results from natural processes, such as people having too many children.

Question 40

Modernization theory was created as a criticism of U.S.foreign policy.

Question 41

A majority of the world's people live in

A) low-income nations.
B) middle-income nations.
C) high-income nations.
D) a combination of middle- and high-income nations.

Question 42

In 2012, how many independent nations were there in the world?

A) 57
B) 195
C) 341
D) 2,190

Question 43

"Las Colonias" refers to settlements

A) that are often called "America's Third World."
B) in poor areas of Mexico, close to the Texas border.
C) containing Hispanic Americans, almost all of whom are illegal immigrants.
D) outside of major cities.

Question 44

From a global perspective, economic productivity is lowest in precisely the regions where

A) population increase is highest.
B) most people live in cities.
C) technology is most advanced.
D) there was once the greatest prosperity.

Question 45

Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?

A) chattel slavery
B) child slavery
C) debt bondage
D) servile forms of marriage

Question 46

High-income nations

A) are more densely populated than middle- and low-income nations.
B) make use of factories, big machinery, and advanced technology.
C) contain half of the world's financial markets.
D) are culturally homogenous.

Question 47

Absolute poverty is

A) most common in large nations such as the United States.
B) the same as relative poverty.
C) life threatening.
D) found only in the poorest nations.

Question 48

Which world region contains the largest percentage of the world's street children?

A) Asia
B) Latin America
C) Africa
D) Europe

Question 49

In poor countries, the disadvantages women face relative to men are

A) about the same as in rich nations.
B) smaller than in rich nations.
C) greater than in rich nations.
D) nonexistent in poor countries, women and men have the same social standing.

Question 50

For the world as a whole, about how many people suffer from chronic hunger that leaves them less able to work and places them at high risk of disease?

A) less than 1 million
B) 10 million
C) 100 million
D) close to 1 billion

Question 51

In the world's lowest-income nations, two in ten children born die by the age of

A) one.
B) five.
C) thirty-five.
D) seventy.

Question 52

Japan, Canada, and the nations of Western Europe are all classified as

A) low-income countries.
B) middle-income countries.
C) high-income countries.
D) These countries do not fall into any one category.

Question 53

In middle-income nations, average personal income is in the range of

A) $250 and $1,000.
B) $1,000 and $2,500.
C) $2,500 and $12,500.
D) $12,000 and $25,000.

Question 54

In poor nations, poverty is_____ than in the United States.

A) more likely to involve men
B) more widespread and severe
C) addressed more effectively
D) a less serious problem

Question 55

About how many people in the world die each year due to starvation?

A) 50,000
B) 500,000
C) 1 million
D) 9 million

Question 56

According to Anti-Slavery International, about how many men, women, and children live today in conditions that amount to slavery?

A) 20,000
B) 200,000
C) 20 million
D) 2 billion

Question 57

Of the almost 1 billion people in the world who are living at or close to absolute poverty, what percentage are women?

A) 20 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 58

______ is not a high-income nation.

A) Canada
B) South Africa
C) Israel
D) Mexico

Question 59

If you wanted to visit the world's low-income nations, where would you travel?

A) Africa and Asia
B) Latin America
C) Eastern Europe
D) North America

Question 60

The people of the high-income countries, who represent 23 percent of the world's population, enjoy about how much of the world's income?

A) 14 percent
B) 24 percent
C) 44 percent
D) 64 percent

Question 61

According to Walt Rostow, nations begin at the _____ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _____.

A) drive to technological maturity take-off
B) traditional high mass consumption
C) high mass consumption take-off
D) take-off drive to technological maturity

Question 62

Modernization theory claims that

A) poor nations can never become rich in today's world.
B) the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology.
C) the main causes of poverty involve multinational corporations.
D) most poor nations were richer in the past.

Question 63

According to dependency theory, poor countries have become dependent on rich nations because

A) they sell raw materials to rich nations.
B) rich countries bring tourism dollars.
C) rich nations buy their manufactured goods.
D) rich nations have brought them economic affluence.

Question 64

Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by

A) making poor nations responsible for their own fate.
B) supporting capitalism as a path to development.
C) explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries.
D) claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal.

Question 65

The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which

A) countries gain new colonies to replace older ones.
B) countries rid themselves of former colonies.
C) multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country.
D) companies operate in many countries at one time.

Question 66

In past centuries, European nations colonized countries in

A) Africa, Latin America, and Asia.
B) only Latin America.
C) only Asia.
D) only Africa.

Question 67

The social theorist identified with modernization theory is

A) Max Weber.
B) Karl Marx.
C) George Herbert Mead.
D) Immanuel Wallerstein.

Question 68

Wallerstein pointed to several factors that cause dependency among low-income nations.Which of the following is a factor that Wallerstein did NOT claim to be a cause of dependency?

A) narrow, export-oriented economies
B) lack of integration into the world economy
C) lack of industrial capacity
D) foreign debt

Question 69

According to modernization theory, the greatest barrier to economic development is

A) technology.
B) multinational corporations.
C) capitalism.
D) traditional culture.

Question 70

If you were applying modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might expect rich nations to aid the economic development of poor nations by

A) promoting population growth.
B) limiting food production.
C) increasing industrial production.
D) denying foreign aid.

Question 71

According to Immanuel Wallerstein's theory of global capitalism, which nations are at the "core" of the world economy?

A) high-income nations
B) middle-income nations
C) low-income nations
D) All nations form the "core."

Question 72

While modernization theory focuses on _____, dependency theory focuses on _____.

A) poor nations rich nations
B) the future the past
C) production of wealth distribution of wealth
D) culture economics

Question 73

A social theorist who contributed to the development of dependency theory by tracing the growth of the capitalist world economy is

A) Max Weber.
B) Emile Durkheim.
C) Walt Rostow.
D) Immanuel Wallerstein.

Question 74

The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which

A) rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries.
B) some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others.
C) poor nations force an end to control by other nations.
D) immigration helps to spark economic development in rich nations.

Question 75

What concept refers to a global economy in which multinational corporations exploit people in low-income nations?

A) colonialism
B) corporate slavery
C) neocolonialism
D) international bondage

Question 76

Some critics claim that modernization theory

A) ignores how rich nations prevent the economic development of poor nations.
B) amounts to an attack on capitalism.
C) treats rich and poor societies as linked.
D) amounts to an attack on socialism.

Question 77

Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts?

A) chattel slavery
B) child slavery
C) debt bondage
D) servile forms of marriage

Question 78

If you were to apply modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might point that low-income nations

A) use advanced technology.
B) have low levels of population increase.
C) have cultural resistance to innovation.
D) have high mass consumption.

Question 79

What is Wallerstein's term for the middle-income countries of the world?

A) core
B) semiperiphery
C) periphery
D) outsider nations

Question 80

André Gunder Frank states that poor nations

A) are responsible for their own poverty.
B) were "underdeveloped," or made poor, by rich nations.
C) suffer from traditional culture.
D) need to gain more productive technology.