Deck 5: The Skeletal System

Question 1

Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?

A) calcitonin
B) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) insulin
D) growth hormone

Answer 1

B

Question 2

From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae?

A) lumbar, thoracic, cervical
B) cervical, lumbar, thoracic
C) cervical, thoracic, lumbar
D) sacral, cervical, lumbar

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:

The periosteum, a connective tissue covering on the diaphysis, is represented by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label A
C) Label G
D) Label B
E) Label F

Answer 3

E

Question 4

An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children.

A) spiral
B) greenstick
C) impacted
D) comminuted

Question 5

Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.

A) fracture
B) hematoma
C) articulation (joint)
D) marrow cavity

Question 6

The head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula.

A) acromion process
B) glenoid cavity
C) suprascapula notch
D) coracoid process

Question 7

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:

The diaphysis is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label C
C) Label G
D) Label A
E) Label H

Question 8

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:

The proximal epiphysis is represented by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label C
C) Label A
D) Label B
E) Label F

Question 9

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.

A) canaliculi
B) perforating (Volkmann's) canals
C) central (Haversian) canals
D) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

Question 10

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.

A) appendicular
B) central
C) axial
D) main

Question 11

What bones protect the spinal cord?

A) ribs
B) sternum
C) vertebrae
D) coxal bones

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

A) storage of fat and minerals
B) support the body
C) protection of soft body organs
D) regulation of blood pressure

Question 13

The process of bone formation is known as ________.

A) hematopoiesis
B) hemostasis
C) metabolism
D) ossification

Question 14

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.

A) epiphyseal line
B) bony callus
C) hematoma
D) fibrocartilage callus

Question 15

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:

The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label D
C) Label A
D) Label E
E) Label C

Question 16

The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ________ sutures.

A) coronal
B) sagittal
C) squamous
D) lambdoid

Question 17

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:

The area that contains glassy hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth slippery surface which decreases friction is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label H
C) Label E
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 18

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.

A) flat
B) long
C) short
D) irregular

Question 19

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:

The area that serves as a storage area for fat in adults is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label F
C) Label A
D) Label G
E) Label B

Question 20

The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________.

A) occipital condyle
B) vertebral foramen
C) intervertebral foramen
D) foramen magnum

Question 21

When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what kind of cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis?

A) erythrocytes
B) osteoblasts
C) osteoclasts
D) chondrocytes
E) osteocytes

Question 22

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.

A) store adipose tissue
B) form blood cells
C) store calcium and phosphorus
D) promote lengthwise growth in long bones
E) decrease friction at joint surfaces

Question 23

The arrangement of bone tissue shown in Figure
5)3 consists of ________.

A) osteons (Haversian systems)
B) yellow marrow
C) trabeculae
D) neurons
E) red marrow

Question 24

What does collagen provide as a component of bone?

A) elasticity
B) hardness
C) flexibility
D) brittleness
E) resistance to compression

Question 25

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The carpals are indicated by ________.

A) Label N
B) Label X
C) Label J
D) Label I
E) Label T

Question 26

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The patella is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label G
C) Label I
D) Label U
E) Label A

Question 27

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The parietal bone is indicated by ________.

A) Label M
B) Label O
C) Label A
D) Label H
E) Label P

Question 28

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The manubrium and xiphoid process fuse to form the bone indicated by ________.

A) Label O
B) Label N
C) Label A
D) Label K
E) Label B

Question 29

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The fibula is indicated by ________.

A) Label Q
B) Label X
C) Label R
D) Label T
E) Label W

Question 30

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________.

A) bone is dead
B) bone length is no longer increasing
C) bone diameter is increasing
D) bone diameter is decreasing
E) bone length is increasing

Question 31

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The radius bone is indicated by ________.

A) Label T
B) Label R
C) Label F
D) Label S
E) Label Q

Question 32

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________.

A) compact bones
B) irregular bones
C) flat bones
D) long bones
E) sesamoid bones

Question 33

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The greater tubercle and trochlea are bone markings situated on the bone marked by ________.

A) Label O
B) Label I
C) Label E
D) Label Y
E) Label A

Question 34

Which of the following is only found associated with a child's bone?

A) diaphysis
B) marrow cavity
C) epiphyseal plate
D) periosteum
E) articular cartilage

Question 35

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?

A) yellow marrow
B) endosteum
C) spongy bone
D) periosteum
E) articular cartilage

Question 36

Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured?

A) epiphysis
B) epiphyseal plate
C) articular cartilage
D) diaphysis
E) epiphyseal line

Question 37

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The ilium, pubis, and ischium fuse to form the bone marked by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label G
C) Label T
D) Label H
E) Label I

Question 38

Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.

A) diarthroses
B) synarthroses
C) amphiarthroses
D) symphyses

Question 39

Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as ________.

A) a perforating (Volkmann's) canal
B) the epiphysis
C) a canaliculus
D) a central (Haversian) canal
E) an osteon (Haversian system)

Question 40

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The mandible is indicated by ________.

A) Label N
B) Label W
C) Label M
D) Label C
E) Label B

Question 41

Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?

A) femur
B) sternum
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) scapula

Question 42

What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?

A) osteocyte
B) erythrocyte
C) chondrocyte
D) osteoblast
E) osteoclast

Question 43

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

A) is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
B) is an irregular bone
C) belongs to both the axial and appendicular skeletons
D) has no specific function
E) largely consists of cartilage

Question 44

Bone growth in width that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely ________.

A) due to rickets
B) none since bones do not grow after adolescence
C) appositional growth
D) occurring at the epiphyseal lines
E) occurring at the epiphyseal plates

Question 45

Which bones are commonly referred to as the cheekbones?

A) lacrimal bones
B) zygomatic bones
C) parietal bones
D) temporal bones
E) palatine bones

Question 46

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

A) elastic connective tissue
B) dense fibrous connective tissue
C) fibrocartilage
D) hyaline cartilage
E) loose fibrous connective tissue

Question 47

The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are ________.

A) alveolar margins
B) sinuses
C) palates
D) crista galli
E) fontanels

Question 48

Which of the following could create an open, or compound, fracture?

A) when the bone is crushed
B) when the broken bone ends are forced into each other
C) when the broken bone penetrates through the skin
D) when the bone is broken into many fragments
E) when adjacent bones fracture simultaneously

Question 49

Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?

A) meatus
B) fossa
C) foramen
D) fissure
E) tubercle

Question 50

The axial skeleton contains ________.
1) skull
2) scapula
3) True and false ribs
4) vertebrae
5) phalanges

A) 1, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 2, 5
D) 2, 3, 4, 5
E) 1, 2, 3, 5

Question 51

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains ________.

A) cartilage and lamellae
B) osteoclasts and osteoblasts
C) yellow marrow and perforating, or Sharpey's, fibers
D) blood vessels and nerve fibers
E) red marrow

Question 52

What determines where bone matrix will be remodeled?

A) sex hormones
B) osteoblasts and osteoclasts
C) the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood
D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
E) sodium ion levels in the blood

Question 53

A fracture in the ________ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child.

A) epiphyseal plate
B) osteoblasts
C) periosteum
D) medullary cavity
E) articular cartilage

Question 54

Which of these bones is associated with the hand?

A) talus
B) calcaneus
C) metatarsals
D) tarsals
E) metacarpals

Question 55

A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a(n) ________.

A) impacted fracture
B) compression fracture
C) spiral fracture
D) depressed fracture
E) simple fracture

Question 56

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?
1) bony callus formation
2) bone remodeling
3) fibrocartilage callus formation
4) hematoma formation

A) 4, 3, 2, 1
B) 4, 3, 1, 2
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 3, 4, 2
E) 1, 3, 2, 4

Question 57

Which spinal curvature is associated with the lower back and appears when a baby begins to walk?

A) cervical
B) primary
C) lumbar
D) thoracic
E) sacral

Question 58

Identify the bones that do NOT house a paranasal sinus.

A) frontal bones
B) maxillary bones
C) ethmoid bones
D) sphenoid bones
E) zygomatic bones

Question 59

The physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-ray revealed a(n) ________.

A) impacted fracture
B) compression fracture
C) comminuted fracture
D) greenstick fracture
E) open fracture

Question 60

A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a ________.

A) compound fracture
B) simple fracture
C) comminuted fracture
D) compression fracture
E) greenstick fracture

Question 61

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called ________.

A) amphiarthroses; synarthroses
B) synarthroses; amphiarthroses
C) diarthroses; amphiarthroses
D) amphiarthroses; diarthroses
E) diarthroses; synarthroses

Question 62

In lab, you find a vertebra with transverse foramina. Which type of vertebrae must this be?

A) thoracic
B) cervical
C) lumbar
D) sacrum
E) coccyx

Question 63

The type of joint shown in Figure 5.4 is ________.

A) a suture
B) a fibrous joint
C) an amphiarthrotic joint
D) a cartilaginous joint
E) a synovial joint

Question 64

The elbow is classified as a ________.

A) plane joint
B) hinge joint
C) pivot joint
D) saddle joint
E) condylar joint

Question 65

Hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones using osteoblasts.

Question 66

The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the ________.

A) ischium, ilium, coccyx
B) pubis, ischium, ilium
C) manubrium, body, xiphoid process
D) jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint
E) True ribs, manubrium, xiphoid process

Question 67

The skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton, the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body, and the appendicular skeleton, the bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the skeleton.

Question 68

How many True ribs do humans have?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) twelve
E) fifteen

Question 69

A structure found on the femur is the ________.

A) anterior crest
B) trochlea
C) lateral malleolus
D) greater trochanter
E) radial tuberosity

Question 70

The tailbone is the ________.

A) ischium
B) sacrum
C) pubis
D) coccyx
E) patella

Question 71

Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are examples of ________.

A) amphiarthroses
B) synovial joints
C) cartilaginous joints
D) synarthroses
E) fibrous joints

Question 72

Which type of rib lacks an attachment to the sternum?

A) floating ribs
B) True ribs
C) false ribs
D) cervical ribs
E) thoracic ribs

Question 73

Which two bones constitute the forearm?

A) radius and humerus
B) humerus and scapula
C) fibula and tibia
D) ulna and radius
E) femur and fibula

Question 74

Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the exception.

A) humerus
B) radius
C) scapula
D) fibula
E) clavicle

Question 75

The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons (Haversian systems).

Question 76

You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female since ________.

A) the angle of the female pubic arch is smaller than in a male
B) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male
C) the distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less than in a male
D) the female iliac bones are less flared than in a male
E) the female pelvis as a whole is deeper, and the bones are heavier and thicker than in a male

Question 77

Two basic types of bone tissue are compact bone and smooth bone.

Question 78

Broken bones do not bleed since bone tissue is avascular.

Question 79

Which of these bones articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?

A) femur
B) patella
C) fibula
D) sacrum
E) tibia

Question 80

The dens is a process projecting from the ________.

A) sacrum
B) coccyx
C) intervertebral discs
D) atlas
E) axis