Deck 11: The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

A) pulmonary trunk
B) aorta
C) superior vena cava
D) coronary sinus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.

A) pericardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) myocardium

Question 5

What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles?

A) chordae tendineae
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) myocardium

Question 6

Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?

A) bicuspid (mitral) valve
B) tricuspid valve
C) pulmonary semilunar valve
D) aortic semilunar valve

Question 7

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A) pulmonary semilunar valve
B) tricuspid valve
C) bicuspid (mitral) valve
D) aortic semilunar valve

Question 8

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.

A) systemic
B) cardiac
C) pulmonary
D) coronary

Question 9

Which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart?

A) Purkinje fibers
B) sinoatrial (SA) node
C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
D) atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 10

The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.

A) base
B) mediastinum
C) apex
D) pericardium

Question 11

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.

A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) right atrium
D) right ventricle

Question 12

The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.

A) pulmonary vein
B) inferior vena cava
C) superior vena cava
D) coronary sinus

Question 13

Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.

A) pulmonary arteries
B) pulmonary veins
C) coronary arteries
D) venae cavae

Question 14

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

A) ventricles; atria
B) atria; ventricles
C) arteries; veins
D) veins; arteries

Question 15

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The bundle branches are indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries?

A) coronary sinus
B) marginal artery
C) circumflex artery
D) anterior interventricular artery

Question 17

What is the muscular layer of the heart wall?

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) fibrous pericardium
D) endocardium

Question 18

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 19

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 20

The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.

A) left atrioventricular groove
B) interatrial septum
C) interventricular septum
D) right atrioventricular groove

Question 21

The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________.

A) hepatic vein
B) hepatic portal vein
C) renal vein
D) inferior vena cava

Question 22

Which vessel feeds oxygenated blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain?

A) external carotid artery
B) internal carotid artery
C) external iliac artery
D) subclavian artery

Question 23

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.

A) semilunar
B) pulmonary
C) atrioventricular (AV)
D) aortic

Question 24

The normal resting heart rate is about ________ times per minute.

A) 35
B) 50
C) 75
D) 105

Question 25

What drains capillary beds?

A) venules
B) venae cavae
C) arterioles
D) arteries

Question 26

During atrial diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________.

A) ventricles
B) lungs
C) aorta
D) pulmonary trunk

Question 27

What does each femoral vein become as it enters the pelvis?

A) external iliac vein
B) great saphenous vein
C) internal iliac vein
D) anterior tibial vein

Question 28

What is largest artery in the body?

A) brachiocephalic artery
B) pulmonary trunk
C) aorta
D) common carotid artery

Question 29

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.

A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) common iliac vein
D) great saphenous vein

Question 30

What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?

A) heart rate (HR)
B) stroke volume (SV)
C) cardiac output (CO)
D) blood pressure (BP)

Question 31

What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?

A) pulmonary circulation
B) hepatic portal circulation
C) systemic circulation
D) microcirculation

Question 32

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

A) QRS
B) T
C) P
D) S-T

Question 33

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

A) tunics
B) sphincters
C) valves
D) shunts

Question 34

Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected?

A) tunica intima
B) tunica externa
C) tunica media
D) tunica adventitia

Question 35

The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.

A) heart rate to decrease
B) heart rate to increase, then decrease
C) heart rate to increase
D) blood pressure to increase

Question 36

What organs are served by the renal arteries and veins?

A) ovaries
B) kidneys
C) testes
D) lungs

Question 37

The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 0.8
D) 0.3

Question 38

Which term means heart contraction?

A) diastole
B) tachycardia
C) systole
D) fibrillation

Question 39

Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins.

A) systemic
B) hepatic
C) coronary
D) pulmonary

Question 40

What large blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) veins
D) venae cavae

Question 41

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the ________.

A) aorta
B) right atrium
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) interventricular septum

Question 42

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels?

A) vasodilation
B) no effect
C) vasoconstriction
D) vasodilation, then vasoconstriction

Question 43

The atrioventricular valves are closed when ________.

A) atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure
B) the atria contract
C) the ventricles fill with blood
D) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure
E) atrial systole occurs

Question 44

Pulmonary arteries transport ________.

A) oxygenated blood to the lungs
B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
C) oxygenated blood to the heart
D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta
E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart

Question 45

The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.

A) ductus arteriosus
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) foramen ovale

Question 46

The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.

A) hepatic portal vein
B) umbilical vein
C) ductus arteriosus
D) umbilical artery

Question 47

Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?

A) mitral valve
B) aortic semilunar valve
C) bicuspid valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) tricuspid valve

Question 48

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.

A) hypertension (high blood pressure)
B) orthostatic hypotension
C) circulatory shock
D) myocardial infarction

Question 49

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?

A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) pulmonary artery
E) pulmonary vein

Question 50

An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________.

A) right ventricle to the right atrium
B) left ventricle to the left atrium
C) aorta to the left ventricle
D) aorta to the left atrium
E) pulmonary trunk to the left ventricle

Question 51

Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery?

A) circumflex and marginal arteries
B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries
D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries

Question 52

What structure divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle?

A) interventricular septum
B) interatrial septum
C) bicuspid valve
D) tricuspid valve
E) chordae tendineae

Question 53

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.

A) body
B) digestive organs
C) skin
D) lungs
E) brain

Question 54

The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.

A) right atrium and left atrium
B) right atrium and right ventricle
C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery
D) left ventricle and aorta
E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Question 55

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a ________.

A) cardiac output
B) pulse
C) pressure point
D) stroke volume

Question 56

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.

A) myocardium
B) endocardium
C) epicardium
D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
E) either endocardium or epicardium

Question 57

Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?

A) pulmonary arteries
B) superior vena cava
C) aorta
D) pulmonary veins
E) inferior vena cava

Question 58

Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed.

A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure
B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure
C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure
D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure

Question 59

The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.

A) mediastinum
B) hiatus
C) pleural cavity
D) hilus
E) diaphragm

Question 60

Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?

A) blood pressure
B) systolic pressure
C) osmotic pressure
D) diastolic pressure

Question 61

You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________.

A) atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) left bundle branch
D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
E) sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 62

Which vein returns blood to the femoral vein?

A) popliteal vein
B) common iliac vein
C) superior vena cava
D) hepatic portal vein
E) external iliac vein

Question 63

Cardiac output is the product of which two variables?

A) heart rate and blood pressure
B) heart rate and stroke volume
C) contraction and relaxation
D) diastole and systole
E) blood pressure and peripheral resistance

Question 64

Which of the following increases heart rate?

A) low levels of calcium
B) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
C) vagus nerve stimulation
D) cold
E) epinephrine

Question 65

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart?

A) coronary sulcus
B) coronary artery
C) coronary sinus
D) circumflex artery
E) pulmonary vein

Question 66

The mitral valve is normally closed ________.

A) when the ventricle is in diastole
B) when the ventricle is in systole
C) when the atrium is contracting
D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle
E) when the ventricle is relaxed

Question 67

The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________.

A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa
B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima
C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 68

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.

A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules
C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds
D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

Question 69

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________.

A) cardiac output
B) cardiac cycle
C) stroke volume
D) heart rate
E) diastolic pressure

Question 70

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

A) splenic artery
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) celiac trunk
D) femoral artery
E) hepatic artery

Question 71

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?

A) brachiocephalic artery
B) left subclavian artery
C) left common carotid artery
D) right common carotid artery
E) thoracic aorta

Question 72

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Question 73

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm?

A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery
B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery
C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries
E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery

Question 74

The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________.

A) armpit
B) groin
C) neck
D) abdomen
E) leg

Question 75

Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava?

A) brachiocephalic vein
B) renal vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) common iliac vein
E) great saphenous vein

Question 76

Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) veins
E) venules

Question 77

The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.

A) opening of the heart valves
B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system
C) blood rushing through the chambers
D) closure of heart valves
E) contraction of the heart

Question 78

All four heart valves are briefly closed as pressure begins to rise in the ventricles, a phase known as ________.

A) atrial systole
B) isovolumetric contraction
C) ventricular systole
D) ventricular diastole
E) atrial diastole

Question 79

Veins ________.

A) carry blood away from the heart
B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles
C) transport oxygen-rich blood
D) operate under high pressure
E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

Question 80

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta?

A) right subclavian artery
B) left internal carotid artery
C) right pulmonary artery
D) left brachiocephalic artery
E) right and left coronary arteries