Deck 12: Volcanic and Tectonic Landforms

Question 1

The surface across which movement takes place in a fault is referred to as the:

A)fault scarp
B)strike-slip
C)fault plane
D)transcurrent
E)focus

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The correct term for a marine wave caused by volcanic or earthquake activity is a:

A)tidal wave
B)storm surge
C)pingo
D)tsunami
E)tombolo

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements about reverse faults is correct?

A)Reverse faults are one type of tensional faults.
B)Normal faults are one type of reverse faults
C)The upthrown block in a reverse fault creates an overhanging scarp
D)Motion in a reverse fault is transcurrent
E)Reverse faults result in the development of strike-slip faults

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A jet-like emission of steam and hot water where groundwater is heated by geothermal heat is referred to as a:

A)ejecter
B)geyser
C)plume
D)hot spring
E)hot spot

Question 5

Which of the following volcanoes is an example of a stratovolcano?

A)The volcanoes of Hawaii
B)Heimaey
C)Crater Lake
D)Krakatoa
E)Mount St.Helens

Question 6

Crater Lake in Oregon is an example which type of volcanic feature?

A)composite cone
B)cinder cone
C)caldera
D)shield volcano
E)hot spot

Question 7

A horst is a _____________ whereas a graben is a (an)_________________

A)sunken block / raised block
B)raised block / sunken block
C)sunken block / downthrown block
D)raised block / upthrown block
E)sunken block / echelon block

Question 8

The location inside the earth where an earthquake originates is termed its ________________.

A)focus
B)orogeny
C)epicenter
D)face
E)mineralogic substrate

Question 9

The San Andreas fault can best be classified as a __________ fault.

A)rift
B)subduction
C)transform
D)divergent
E)normal

Question 10

Volcanoes associated with midocean ridges have lava that is:

A)thick gassy and felsic
B)thick gassy and mafic
C)fluid gassy and mafic
D)fluid with little gas and felsic
E)fluid with little gas and mafic

Question 11

Fragments ejected from a volcano ranging in size from boulders to fine dust are collectively referred to as:

A)lava
B)lahar
C)ash
D)tephra
E)pumice

Question 12

A fault scarp results from which of the following types of faults?

A)reverse
B)overthrust
C)transcurrent
D)strike-slip
E)normal

Question 13

Lava associated with shield volcanoes such as those in Hawaii is:

A)thick gassy and felsic
B)thick gassy and mafic
C)fluid gassy and mafic
D)fluid with little gas and felsic
E)fluid with little gas and mafic

Question 14

Arch-like folds upfolds are referred to as:

A)synclines
B)anticlines
C)foreland folds
D)fault folds
E)normal folds

Question 15

Another term for stratovolcano is a:

A)composite cone
B)cinder cone
C)caldera
D)shield volcano
E)hot spot

Question 16

Once solidified,a major mud flow emanating from the eruption of a composite volcano is termed a(n)_______.

A)aa
B)lahar
C)nuee ardente
D)pahoehoe
E)caldera

Question 17

Trough-like downfolds are referred to as:

A)synclines
B)anticlines
C)foreland folds
D)fault folds
E)normal folds

Question 18

A (an)__________ is a fracture in the crustal rock involving no displacement of rock on one side of the fracture with respect to rock on the other side.

A)focus
B)epicenter
C)fold
D)joint
E)fault

Question 19

Which of the following features may be associated with the eruption of a stratovolcano?

A)frothy basalt ejected at high pressure from the vent
B)a cinder cone
C)a glowing avalanche of hot gases and fine ash
D)a low shield-shaped volcano
E)fluid flood basalt lava flows that cover large areas

Question 20

Lava associated with composite volcanoes is:

A)thick gassy and felsic
B)thick gassy and mafic
C)fluid gassy and mafic
D)fluid with little gas and felsic
E)fluid with little gas and mafic

Question 21

Which of the following types of drainage pattern are associated with regions of uniform,horizontal strata?

A)dendritic drainage pattern
B)trellis drainage pattern
C)radial drainage pattern
D)parallel drainage pattern
E)folded drainage pattern

Question 22

Which of the following most accurately describes a cuesta?

A)A broad platform capped by hard rock layers
B)A table-topped plateau of comparatively small extent bounded by cliffs and occurring in a region of flat-lying strata
C)A prominent,isolated mountain that rises conspicuously above a peneplain,and composed of relatively more resistant rocks
D)A prominent,steep-sided hill often representing the final remnant of a resistant layer in a region of flat-lying strata
E)An asymmetrical low ridge with one side a steep slope and the other a gentle slope often associated with a coastal plain.

Question 23

The volcanoes of the Aleutian Islands are predominantly which type of volcano?

A)stratovolcanoes
B)cinder cones
C)shield volcanoes
D)calderas
E)hotspots

Question 24

Acute angle between an inclined natural rock plane and an imaginary horizontal plane of reference is referred to as the:

A)dip
B)strike
C)bedding plane
D)tilt
E)ridge

Question 25

Which of the following terms is most associated with the description of earthquake activity?

A)volcanic
B)tectonic
C)tidal
D)rifting
E)seismic

Question 26

Which of the following most accurately describes a cuesta?

A)A broad platform capped by hard rock layers
B)A table-topped plateau of comparatively small extent bounded by cliffs and occurring in a region of flat-lying strata
C)A prominent,isolated mountain that rises conspicuously above a peneplain,and composed of relatively more resistant rocks
D)A prominent,steep-sided hill often representing the final remnant of a resistant layer in a region of flat-lying strata
E)An asymmetrical low ridge with one side a steep slope and the other a gentle slope often associated with a coastal plain

Question 27

Intense earthquake activity is associated with which of the following plate boundaries?

A)converging boundary
B)spreading boundary
C)transform boundary
D)continental suture
E)boundary that is currently not classified

Question 28

The Richter scale measures what characteristic of earthquakes?

A)amount of ground motion
B)quantity of energy released
C)size of displacement in the fault
D)degree of damage to local buildings
E)area over which the earthquake was detected

Question 29

The compass direction of the line of intersection of an inclined rock plane and a horizontal plane of reference is referred to as the:

A)dip
B)strike
C)bedding plane
D)tilt
E)ridge

Question 30

Block mountains are associated with which type of fault?

A)reverse
B)overthrust
C)transcurrent
D)strike-slip
E)normal

Question 31

The East African Rift Valley demonstrates the early stage of the:

A)formation of a new ocean basin
B)formation of a new land mass
C)formation of a continental suture
D)formation of a transform plate boundary
E)formation of a new subduction zone

Question 32

What was the approximate magnitude of the San Francisco earthquake of 1906?

A)5)6
B)6)8
C)7)2
D)7)9
E)8)5

Question 33

Which of the following types of drainage pattern would be associated with a fully dissected coastal plain?

A)dendritic drainage pattern
B)trellis drainage pattern
C)radial drainage pattern
D)parallel drainage pattern
E)folded drainage pattern

Question 34

A slow steady displacement associated with active faults is known as:

A)fault scarp
B)strike-slip
C)fault plane
D)fault creep
E)focus

Question 35

A prominent,steep-sided hill often representing the final remnant of a resistant layer in a region of flat-lying strata is referred to as a:

A)mesa
B)butte
C)monadnock
D)cuesta
E)dome

Question 36

Frothy magma ejected under high pressure from a narrow vent is most characteristic of which type of volcano?

A)stratovolcano
B)cinder cone
C)shield volcano
D)caldera
E)hotspots

Question 37

A prominent,isolated mountain that rises conspicuously above a peneplain,and composed of relatively more resistant rocks is referred to as a:

A)mesa
B)butte
C)monadnock
D)cuesta
E)dome

Question 38

Which of the following types of faults is most commonly associated with horsts and grabens?

A)reverse
B)overthrust
C)transcurrent
D)strike-slip
E)normal

Question 39

Which of the following most accurately describes a monadnock?

A)A broad platform capped by hard rock layers
B)A table-topped plateau of comparatively small extent bounded by cliffs and occurring in a region of flat-lying strata
C)A prominent,isolated mountain that rises conspicuously above a peneplain,and composed of relatively more resistant rocks
D)A prominent,steep-sided hill often representing the final remnant of a resistant layer in a region of flat-lying strata
E)An asymmetrical low ridge with one side a steep slope and the other a gentle slope often associated with a coastal plain

Question 40

A table-topped plateau of comparatively small extent bounded by cliffs and occurring in a region of flat-lying strata is referred to as a:

A)mesa
B)butte
C)monadnock
D)cuesta
E)dome

Question 41

Repeated faulting and erosion will result in which of the following landforms?

A)fault coast
B)fault creep
C)fault plane
D)fault line scarp
E)fault plain

Question 42

The chain of Hawaiian volcanoes were created by the motion of the ________ plate over a __________.

A)Nazca,trench
B)Cocos,trench
C)Cocos,hotspot
D)Pacific,hotspot
E)Hawaiian,hotspot

Question 43

_______________ are the surface features of the land.

A)Guyots
B)Oceans
C)Landforms
D)Valleys
E)Highways

Question 44

A descending fold crest is said to:

A)Sink
B)Plunge
C)Fly
D)Dip
E)Strike

Question 45

The erosion of shield volcano would result in all of the following except:

A)newly formed volcano with a central depression
B)deeply eroded valley heads at the early stages of erosion
C)a tall volcanic neck is all that remains once the volcano is extinct
D)canyons eventually develop into steep sided amphitheaters
E)radial consequent streams cutting deep canyons once the volcano is extinct

Question 46

The erosion of a stratovolcano would result in which of the following except?

A)newly formed volcano results in lava flows spreading into stream valleys
B)lava dams may allow the creation of a lake
C)wall-like dikes may be eroded surrounding the crater
D)Lakes remain in the caldera in the advanced stage of erosion
E)a radial drainage pattern has developed around the cone

Question 47

Which of the following types of drainage pattern would be associated with an eroded volcano?

A)dendritic drainage pattern
B)trellis drainage pattern
C)radial drainage pattern
D)parallel drainage pattern
E)folded drainage pattern

Question 48

A stream that develops its course by stream erosion along a band or belt of weaker rock is a/an:

A)Braided stream
B)Graded stream
C)Alluvial stream
D)Consequent stream
E)Subsequent stream

Question 49

Where strata have been tightly folded and altered during continental collisions,a landscape with a series of ridges results.These are known as:

A)Ridge-and-Valley Landscape
B)Fault Scarps
C)Synclinal Mounttains
D)Metamorphic Belts
E)Anticlinal Valleys

Question 50

A(n)___________ is a motion of the ground surface,ranging from a faint tremor to a wild motion capable of shaking buildings apart.

A)tsunami
B)earthquake
C)volcano
D)tornado
E)none of the above

Question 51

A ___________ in the brittle rocks of the earth's crust occurs when rocks suddenly yield to unequal stresses by fracturing.

A)break
B)fault
C)crack
D)scarp
E)defect

Question 52

There are basically two different forms of tectonic activity.These are ____________.

A)compression and extension
B)stressful and decompression
C)decompression and extensional
D)compressional and stressful
E)volcanic and compression

Question 53

A stream that takes its course down the slope of an initial landform such as a newly emerged coastal plain or a volcano is a/an:

A)Braided stream
B)Graded stream
C)Alluvial stream
D)Consequent stream
E)Subsequent stream

Question 54

One form of alternative power,_______________,is conducted to the surface by circulating groundwater.

A)steam vents
B)fumaroles
C)geothermal energy
D)ocean waves
E)nuclear

Question 55

___________ volcanoes are formed by lavas which are highly explosive.

A)Cinder cone
B)Shield
C)Strato
D)Lava flow
E)None of the above

Question 56

The east African Rift Valley is formed by _____________.

A)compression
B)volcanism
C)retraction of the crust
D)stress
E)extension

Question 57

Eroded edges of steeply dipping strata forming sharp-crested sawtooth ridges are referred to as:

A)synclinal mountains
B)fault scarps
C)hogbacks
D)cuestas
E)domes

Question 58

Compression leads to the folding of the crust which results in the formation of __________________.

A)anticlines and synclines
B)synclines and troughs
C)upfolds and troughs
D)troughs and anticlines
E)none of the above

Question 59

A circular or oval structure in which strata have been forced upward,often associated with igneous intrusions or upthrusting on deep faults is a/an:

A)mesa
B)butte
C)monadnock
D)cuesta
E)dome

Question 60

When a resistant rock type is exposed at the center of a downturned fold and the rock stands up as a ridge,which of the following features may result?

A)synclinal mountains
B)fault scarps
C)hogbacks
D)cuestas
E)anticlinal valley

Question 61

Most active stratovolcanoes are located along the Pacific Rim "ring of fire".

Question 62

Stratovolcanoes are formed by the emission of gassy mafic lava.

Question 63

Compression creates anticlines and synclines.

Question 64

Hotspots occurring beneath continental crust can provide vast areas of flood basalts.

Question 65

Batholiths of basalt composition are a major ingredient in the mosaic of ancient rocks comprising the continental shields.

Question 66

Earthquakes can occur in locations far from plate boundaries.

Question 67

Basaltic lavas are fluid and contain little gas compared to granitic lavas.

Question 68

The drainage lines on a fully dissected coastal plain combine to form a radial drainage pattern.

Question 69

Where rocks are parched into a dome,erosion produces a circular arrangement of rock layers outward from the center of the dome.

Question 70

At hotspots,rising mantle material provides felsic magma that erupts as basaltic lava.

Question 71

Cliff retreat produces a butte which is a table-topped plateau bordered on all sides by cliffs.

Question 72

Transcurrent faults are also known as strike-slip faults.

Question 73

Regions of horizontal strata show networks formed into a dendritic drainage pattern.

Question 74

A steep cliff-like fault scarp is a common result of reverse faults.

Question 75

Stratovolcanoes produce lava flows that initially follow valleys but are highly resistant to erosion.

Question 76

The system of streams on a dissected volcano cone is a radial drainage pattern.

Question 77

The San Andreas fault is a major normal fault with the potential for severe earthquakes.

Question 78

A trough-like downbend of strata is an anticline,while an arch-like upbend is a syncline.

Question 79

Where more easily eroded strata are exposed,denudation is rapid,making lowlands.Between them rise broad belts of hills called hogbacks.

Question 80

The Appalachian Mountains are famous for their________________ structure.

A)faulted
B)volcanic
C)ridge and valley
D)rift valley
E)hillside