Deck 8: Accountability: Ethics, use of Force, corruption, and Discipline

Question 1

When concerns regarding bias-based policing are raised,the best defense for the police is:

A) issuing more weapons
B) hiring more patrol officers
C) collecting related data
D) firing any officers accused of discrimination

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Ellwyn Stoddard,mooching,chiseling,and shakedowns are examples of:

A) the rotten apple theory
B) the thin blue line
C) blue-coat crime
D) birds of a feather syndrome

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Studies of police work have found that patrol officers would often deliberately delay responding to calls for service,especially in cases of:

A) family disturbances
B) drive by shootings
C) routine traffic stops
D) None of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____________ ethics is more complicated and can have a multitude of sides,with varying shades of gray.

A) Esoteric
B) Conditional
C) Absolute
D) Relative

Question 5

The holds that when you commit an act to achieve a good end,the act may be justified even if there is an inevitable but intended negative effect.

A) principle of double effect
B) principle of intentional corruption
C) axiom of unintended results
D) precept of preplanned performance

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of internal corruption?

A) Accepting gratuities and mooching
B) Payments to join the police force
C) Premeditated theft
D) Shakedowns

Question 7

Packer's due process model emphasizes:

A) the repression of criminal conduct
B) police efficiency
C) eliminating errors
D) None of the above

Question 8

A police officer's religious beliefs directly conflict with a mandatory requirement of the job.What can be done about this?

A) The department must waive the requirement for the officer.
B) The officer will have to choose between observing his religion and keeping his job.
C) The officer should sue the department for religious discrimination if he is forced to meet the mandatory requirement.
D) The officer should be disciplined for objecting to a mandatory job requirement.

Question 9

The literal meaning of police brutality refers to:

A) physical abuse of citizens
B) verbal abuse of citizens
C) representing the Establishment's law
D) the police symbolizing brutality to the downtrodden

Question 10

In 2007 the U.S.Supreme Court held that an officer's attempt to end a high-speed car chase that threatens the lives of innocent bystanders:

A) can only be done if it does not place the fleeing driver at risk of serious injury or death
B) can only be done if the fleeing motorist is an adult
C) violates the Fifth Amendment
D) does not violate the Fourth Amendment

Question 11

The __________ perspective proposes that the acceptance of minor gratuities begins a process eventually leading to more serious unethical conduct.

A) successive ethics
B) progressive perks
C) conduct unbecoming
D) slippery slope

Question 12

Detective Smith is certain that Joe Green is a child molester but does not have sufficient evidence to arrest him.Smith bribes one of his informants to provide a false tip,which he uses to obtain a search warrant that allows him to search Green's house.During the search,Smith locates evidence that eventually leads to Green's conviction for multiple counts of child sexual abuse.This is an example of the:

A) principle of intentional corruption
B) Dirty Harry problem
C) reverse accountability
D) relative ethics

Question 13

Which of the following is not a legitimate responsive form of force recognized in the United States?

A) The right to apprehend fleeing felons
B) The authority of the police to use force as required
C) The right of self-defense
D) The power to control those for whom one is responsible

Question 14

The most important factor influencing how much graft police officers receive is:

A) the character of the individual officer
B) the type of assignment the officer is given
C) the rank of the individual officer
D) the branch of the department to which the individual officer is assigned

Question 15

Based on the Dynamic Resistance Response Model,what would be an appropriate police response to a suspect who is aggressively resistant?

A) Verbal commands or only the officer's mere presence
B) The use of force, including deadly force
C) Holding the suspect using a firm grip or a control hold
D) Subduing the suspect using a stun gun or pepper spray

Question 16

_______ means that the police will treat all people with dignity and respect and in a lawful manner.

A) Ethics
B) Character
C) Accountability
D) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following reasons was given by the Supreme Court in support of a police department's grooming standards for its officers?

A) To maintain esprit de corps
B) To reduce officer stigmatization
C) To ensure departmental conformity
D) All of the above

Question 18

The Supreme Court restricted police use of deadly force in:

A) U.S. v. Broward
B) Tennessee v. Garner
C) King v. United States
D) King v. Los Angeles

Question 19

The issue of _________ has driven a wedge between the police and minorities,many of whom claim to be victims of this practice.

A) bias-based policing
B) probable cause
C) insensitivity
D) planted evidence

Question 20

With regard to police use of deadly force,the Supreme Court reasoned that:

A) it is constitutionally reasonable to use deadly force unless at nighttime
B) using deadly force is allowed only if one is escaping in a motor vehicle
C) the officer must take into account the prior criminal history of the felon
D) the use of deadly force to prevent the escape of all felony suspects was constitutionally unreasonable

Question 21

After investigating a complaint against a police officer,the Internal Affairs Unit determines the complaint is "not sustained." This means that the Unit has determined that:

A) the alleged act did not occur
B) the act did occur but was in accordance with departmental policies and procedures
C) there was insufficient evidence to prove or disprove the allegation made against the officer
D) the act did occur and was a violation of departmental rules and procedures

Question 22

In about one third of the incidents involving police use of force,the application is considered to be excessive.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a justification for having residency requirements for criminal justice employees?

A) To ensure officers have close personal ties with people living in their jurisdiction
B) To be sure officers are able to respond quickly when emergencies arise
C) To have officers live where they are paid by taxpayers to work
D) To ensure officers know their jurisdiction well

Question 24

Absolute ethics is a concept wherein an issue only has two sides: Something is good or bad,black or white.

Question 25

Internal corruption is not covered by the 1970 Hobbs Act.

Question 26

Police brutality is a racial matter that primarily involves white police officers and black victims.

Question 27

Which of the following prohibits religious discrimination in employment?

A) Fair Labor Standards Act
B) 42 U.S.C. 1983
C) Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII
D) Equal Pay Act

Question 28

The "Brady" decision relates to:

A) the passage of the Brady Act after James Brady was shot during an attempted assassination of President Reagan
B) a Supreme Court decision that permits police departments to order officers to submit to drug or alcohol tests to enforce related policies
C) the due process requirements to which police officers are entitled before they can be disciplined or terminated
D) the Supreme Court ruling that defendants in criminal cases have the right to exculpatory evidence that the prosecution possesses

Question 29

Accountability can include police officers treating all persons with dignity and respect,and in a lawful manner.

Question 30

How do police policies deal with the issue of social networking site usage by officers?

A) Social networking policies generally prohibit officers from using social networking sites.
B) Social networking policies generally limit what content officers are permitted to post on social networking sites.
C) Social networking policies generally require officers to provide their agencies with departmental access to their personal sites.
D) Social networking policies generally do not provide guidance to officers regarding digital conduct.

Question 31

The environmental theory explains police corruption by suggesting it is the result of a small number of corrupt officers who probably had character defects prior to being hired.

Question 32

African Americans are arrested more often than whites relative to their numbers in the population.

Question 33

Police firearms regulations normally address all but which of the following?

A) Requirements for the safeguarding of the weapon
B) Guidelines for carrying the weapon while off duty
C) Regulations concerning how to shoot warning shots
D) Limitations on when the weapon may be fired

Question 34

Which of the following is not a category of complaint dispositions?

A) Unfounded
B) Exonerated
C) Sustained
D) Substantial evidence

Question 35

Which of the following is not a controversial drug testing issue?

A) Whether testing should be permitted when there is no indication of a drug problem in the workplace
B) Whether or not the testing methods are reliable
C) Whether the employee knew before ingesting drugs that he/she would be tested
D) Whether a positive test proves there was on-the-job impairment

Question 36

Which of the following is the most serious type of sanction that may be used by a police agency when disciplining an officer?

A) Suspension
B) Counseling
C) Documented oral counseling
D) Letter of reprimand

Question 37

Based on the dynamic resistance response model,a police officer is justified in using deadly force against a suspect who is aggressively resistant.

Question 38

Which disciplinary sanction is usually administered when an employee commits a serious violation of established rules and no behavior change results from written reprimands?

A) Termination
B) Demotion
C) Suspension
D) Transfer

Question 39

Bias-based policing involves unequal treatment based on race.

Question 40

Union protections contributed to a reduction in police corruption,probably because the union does not condone corruption among members.

Question 41

A disciplinary transfer is the most serious disciplinary action that can be used by a police agency.

Question 42

The two principal areas in which discipline is applied are ___________ and _____________.

Question 43

If an investigation into a complaint against a police officer exonerates the officer,this means that the alleged act did not occur.

Question 44

Police departments are not permitted to place restrictions on officer moonlighting.

Question 45

________ requirements specify where officers in a department must live.

Question 46

Under Brady,an officer's prior misconduct must be disclosed to the accused if it is favorable to the accused,even if the misconduct did not occur during the officer's involvement with the accused.

Question 47

__________ means that the police will treat all persons with dignity and in a lawful manner.

Question 48

According to the model of circumstantial corruptibility,the level of corruptibility is determined by the role of the ______.

Question 49

Police officers have due process protections during disciplinary actions.

Question 50

Officers' activities on ______________ sites may be restricted by departmental policy.

Question 51

A police department may impose restrictions on the freedom of speech of police officers that would not be imposed on civilians.

Question 52

________ drug corruption occurs when officers try to use their position for personal gain.

Question 53

Noble cause corruption stems from Packer's ___________ orientation.

Question 54

Shouting slurs and epithets at citizens is an example of ___________ police brutality.

Question 55

The ______________ perspective argues that accepting minor gratuities may subvert the officer's integrity.

Question 56

In the case of Tennessee v.Garner,the Supreme Court reversed the _____________ rule.

Question 57

__________ material is evidence favorable to the accused that is in the government's possession and must be disclosed to the accused.

Question 58

Police departments may develop policies limiting what officers may post on social networking sites even when the officers are not on duty.

Question 59

_________ ethics refers to the fact that what one person may consider ethical behavior may be considered highly unethical by another person.

Question 60

With respect to bias-based policing,the best defense for the police may be ____________.

Question 61

Explain what is meant by an officer being objectively reasonable in their use of force and review the dynamic resistance response model.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the DRRM over previous use-of-force continuums.

Question 62

Define ethics,including the two types of police ethics.

Question 63

Define biased-based policing,and explain why it is such a volatile issue as well as what measures are being undertaken by police agencies to measure and deal with it.

Question 64

_________ involves relieving an officer of duty,often without pay,for some set period of time.

Question 65

Describe the U.S.Supreme Court's rulings on drug testing for law enforcement personnel.

Question 66

Explain what is meant by noble cause corruption and the Dirty Harry problem,and relate them to Packer's due process and crime control models of law enforcement.

Question 67

Review the scenario presented on page 205,in which a sheriff's deputy is given a discount at a local mall by the manager,in appreciation for his activities.How should the deputy respond? What guidance should be given to this deputy by his supervisor?

Question 68

List and describe several of the blue-coat crimes as developed by Stoddard.

Question 69

If a complaint is disposed of as __________,the investigator determined that the alleged act did not occur.

Question 70

Explain the process that a police agency should have in place for receiving and investigating citizen complaints.

Question 71

Explain five of the areas (e.g.,residency,moonlighting)in which the police-by virtue of the higher standards of conduct placed on them by society-have constitutional limitations placed on their actions.