Deck 3: On Patrol: Methods and Menaces

Question 1

Traffic enforcement has gone high tech with the advent of the:

A) traffic robot
B) laser detector
C) traffic camera
D) traffic dummy

Answer 1

C

Question 2

One advantage of police discretion is:

A) it allows officers to treat different situations in accordance with practical goals
B) the lack of feedback
C) the risk of corruption
D) the ability of officers to treat different people differently for committing essentially the same offense

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Regarding police patrol,which of the following was not one of the changes put into effect in some jurisdictions across the nation as gas prices recently escalated?

A) Officers turning off their ignitions when their vehicle was stopped and idling for more than a minute
B) Switching to lower octane gasoline and installing GPS receivers
C) Limiting officers to 20 miles of driving per day, and five miles walking their beat
D) State troopers sitting and monitoring traffic rather than cruising the highways

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following officers best fits the FBI profile of officers who are feloniously killed in the United States?

A) A 35-year-old white male officer assigned to patrol
B) A 25-year-old Hispanic male officer assigned to drug enforcement
C) A 40-year-old African American female officer engaged in undercover work
D) A 50-year-old white male officer engaged in traffic enforcement

Question 5

Determining factors as to whether the officer will take a stern approach (enforcing the letter of the law with an arrest)or will be lenient include:

A) the offender's attitude
B) the officer's attitude
C) the law (i.e., whether or not arrest for the offense is mandatory)
D) All of the above

Question 6

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiments concluded that:

A) motorized patrolling by police is totally unnecessary
B) significant increases in crime rates and fear of crime occurred in all areas studied
C) saturation patrolling was not significantly more effective in reducing crime than reactive patrolling
D) the use of foot patrols is grossly overrated

Question 7

Advances in today's patrol car technology include which of the following?

A) Metal plates in the seat backs, protecting against rear assault
B) One-way bullet proof glass
C) Larger gasoline tanks to keep vehicles on the streets longer
D) All of the above

Question 8

The work shift(s)would be more likely to respond to calls of armed robberies,disturbances,and bomb threats.

A) day
B) evening
C) graveyard or night
D) day and graveyard or night

Question 9

The extent of suicide-by-cop incidents remains unknown because:

A) there is a lack of a clear definition and established reporting procedures
B) there have been no reported incidents of suicide by cop in recent years, so no data is being collected
C) police departments reclassify these events as homicides.
D) there is a lack of a clear definition and established reporting procedures, and there have been no reported incidents of suicide by cop in recent years, so no data is being collected

Question 10

In ____________,officers were divided into small teams,which were assigned permanently to small neighborhoods.

A) squad policing
B) foot patrol
C) beat patrol
D) team policing

Question 11

____ patrol was not a level of patrol assigned to beats in the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.

A) Reactive
B) Proactive
C) Control
D) Preventive

Question 12

The method of deployment of patrol officers should take into account:

A) officer preference for a particular beat assignment.
B) where and when crimes occur.
C) officer problem-solving ability.
D) shift assignments.

Question 13

As the rank of an officer _________,the amount of discretion that he or she can employ normally ___________.

A) increases / increases
B) increases / decreases
C) increases / stays the same
D) decreases / decreases

Question 14

A 2004 federal law that exempts qualified retired police officers from state laws prohibiting the carrying of concealed weapons:

A) is now deemed to be unconstitutional
B) is known as H.R. 218
C) is known as the USA Patriot Act
D) also exempts the officers from any other states' laws while they are carrying their weapon

Question 15

Patrol cars provide which of the following?

A) Sanctuary
B) Necessary tools
C) Representation of authority
D) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following did Menton not conclude in studying police uses of bicycles?

A) Bike patrols had more than double the number of contacts with people per hour than did officers in patrol cars.
B) Bicycle officers did essentially the same levels of serious and nonserious work as motor patrols.
C) Bike officers have less enhanced access to alternative routes.
D) Incidents of public drinking, urination, and drug use were more readily discovered and dealt with.

Question 17

Patrol normally comprises __________ percent of a police agency's work force.

A) 30 to 40
B) 60 to 70
C) 80 to 90
D) 10 to 20

Question 18

Bayley and Bittner observed that,in a routine traffic stop where the driver may have been drinking,officers have:

A) no discretion to employ; an arrest is mandatory
B) as many as 770 different combinations of actions that might be taken
C) only three forms of discretion available-arrest, don't arrest, and issue a citation
D) None of the above

Question 19

Because of a process known as _________,the deterrent effects of police handing out traffic citations have been called into question.

A) extinction
B) diffusion
C) positive reconditioning
D) shortsightedness

Question 20

The fact that state statutes are often very ____________ contributes to greater use of police discretion.

A) concise
B) strict
C) ambiguous
D) casual

Question 21

The Supreme Court upheld regulations regarding officer appearance on the grounds that they:

A) may make police officers readily recognizable to the members of the public
B) may reduce police corruption
C) may have economic advantages for police agencies
D) may make police officers readily recognizable to the members of the public and may reduce police corruption

Question 22

A problem with police discretion,according to Sherman,is that the police do not know the consequences of their discretionary decisions.

Question 23

O.W.Wilson reportedly said,"The police traffic function overshadows every other function."

Question 24

Citizens typically tend to be more comfortable approaching an officer on a motorcycle without the perceived barrier of an enclosed vehicle.

Question 25

Even occupations like commercial fishing and logging have fewer occupational deaths than policing has.

Question 26

Much of what a patrol officer deals with is not related to serious crime.

Question 27

Patrol has long been said to be the "backbone" of policing.

Question 28

Suicide-by-cop incidents are frequently moved from the criminal to the mental health arena so that police do not investigate them.

Question 29

In the case of __________,the Supreme Court held that police departments are allowed to regulate officer appearance.

A) Keller v. Moseley
B) James v. Endicott
C) Kelley v. Johnson
D) Jenkins v. Kelsey

Question 30

Traffic stops account for about half of the contact Americans have with the police.

Question 31

A police lieutenant has more discretionary authority than does the street officer.

Question 32

There is a myth surrounding the police,that all laws are enforced equally,all of the time.

Question 33

Officers on graveyard always work in pairs to ensure officer safety from the "night people."

Question 34

Police-citizen interactions over traffic-related matters can significantly affect community policing.

Question 35

The Tennessee v.Garner court decision created the Common Law "fleeing-felon" doctrine.

Question 36

Studies of the police uniform have found that:

A) uniforms often produce feelings of stress among civilians
B) people in uniform are perceived as more competent and intelligent
C) uniforms that do not include hats convey more authority
D) uniforms reduce stereotypes

Question 37

What would happen if a police department discontinued the use of paramilitary-style uniforms?

A) We don't know what the result would be, as this has never been attempted.
B) One city found that converting to blazer-style uniforms temporarily reduced assaults on officers.
C) One city found that having officers wear bulletproof vests over their uniform shirts resulted in officers "becoming a target."
D) None of the above is true.

Question 38

Rather than a crash investigation,accidents involving hit-and-run drivers require more of a(n)__________ investigation.

A) criminal
B) traffic
C) engineering
D) vice

Question 39

Officers with greater seniority generally work graveyard shift.

Question 40

Many officers consider _____________ to be their "unsung heroes."

A) police reserves or auxiliaries
B) volunteer report-takers
C) business owners who report illegal parking in handicapped and fire zones
D) police dispatchers

Question 41

Choosing not to enforce a law is a form of ________.

Question 42

In Kelley v.Johnson,the Supreme Court upheld the right of police officers to reject departmental hair-grooming standards.

Question 43

The major determining factor of whether an on-scene arrest takes place is the time it takes to ______.

Question 44

About half of all contacts people have with the police involve _______.

Question 45

_________ generally work in a centralized communications center.

Question 46

H.R.218 permits ________________ officers with at least 15 years of service to carry a firearm.

Question 47

Officers working the ________ have the most contact with citizens.

Question 48

_________________ involves an offender who wants to die and engages in behavior that results in a justifiable homicide by a police officer.

Question 49

A traffic area in which the police have wide support is their pursuit of _________ drivers.

Question 50

Dispatchers are never authorized to provide medical instruction to those on the scene of an emergency and to citizens at home before the emergency personnel arrive.

Question 51

One major cause of changes in vehicle patrol methods was the increase in the price of _________.

Question 52

In the case of __________,the Supreme Court upheld the right of police departments to regulate officer appearance.

Question 53

Police dispatchers cannot dispatch calls for personnel in other agencies,such as ambulance personnel,state troopers,or game wardens.

Question 54

The _________ shift has adverse physical and psychological effects on many officers.

Question 55

The belief that all laws are enforced equally all of the time is known as the myth of _______ enforcement.

Question 56

The _______________ found that routine patrol did not have a significant deterrent effect on crime.

Question 57

Although its use as a means of patrol is declining,_______ have distinct benefits,including enhanced access and significantly more contact with people than car patrol.

Question 58

The police have never experimented with taking officers completely out of the military uniform and putting them in blazer-style uniforms.

Question 59

Dispatchers often are the first people the public contacts when emergency assistance is required.

Question 60

Explain the psychological aspects of the police uniform.

Question 61

Given the findings of major studies of the patrol function,should the use of patrol continue at its current level? How might it be changed to be more effective?

Question 62

Contrast the uses of the patrol vehicle to the use of two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles and bicycles.

Question 63

Explain some of the occupational hazards that are inherent in beat patrol,and include a profile of officers who are killed in the line of duty.

Question 64

Review the major findings of studies on the patrol function,especially the research in Kansas City.

Question 65

Review what is meant by discretionary use of police authority,including its advantages and disadvantages.

Question 66

How does the existence of police discretion affect the relationship between the police and the community? Why does the myth of full enforcement exist?

Question 67

Define the term suicide by cop,and explain why it is difficult to measure.

Question 68

Explain the role of traffic enforcement in patrol work,including how the traffic function can create poor police-community relations.

Question 69

Provide an overview of how the duties of patrol will vary by the shift assignment.

Question 70

Delineate some of the factors that might determine which alternative courses of action will be
selected by a patrol officer in a given situation.

Question 71

How did rising fuel costs in the late 20th century affect police methods of vehicle patrol?