Deck 13: Ethical Considerations

Question 1

All but which of the following are areas in which police can easily get into ethical difficulty?

A) Lying and deception
B) High-speed pursuits
C) Improper sexual relationships
D) Corruption

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The duty of the ___________ is said to be "Not that he shall win a case,but that justice shall be done."

A) defense attorney
B) prosecutor
C) trial attorney
D) divorce attorney

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The police culture often exalts _______________ over integrity.

A) ethics
B) morals
C) loyalty
D) arrests

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Deontological ethics examines:

A) police officers.
B) one's duty to oneself.
C) one's duty to act.
D) administrators.

Question 5

In one year's time,______ judges were suspended from office,according to the American Judicature Society.

A) 15
B) 30
C) 52
D) 25

Question 6

Elliott Cohen developed a list of moral principles for:

A) defense attorneys.
B) law students.
C) administrators.
D) prosecutors.

Question 7

To help deal with noble cause-type behavior,administrators and middle managers must:

A) take a hard-line view that their subordinates always tell the truth and follow the law.
B) constantly surveil their officers.
C) publicly support an end-justifies-the-means philosophy.
D) try not to look for "red flag" incidents among their employees.

Question 8

Since 1975,about ______ articles have been published about judges and judicial ethics.

A) 900
B) 100
C) 500
D) 300

Question 9

The quality of judges determines the ____________ of justice.

A) swiftness
B) quality
C) need
D) care

Question 10

Withrow and Dailey propose a "Model of Circumstantial Corruptibility," stating that the exchange of a gift is influenced by two elements:

A) the value of the offered gratuity and the value of the favor that is done.
B) the role of the giver and the role of the receiver.
C) the rank of the officer and type of assignment.
D) the social class of the person offering the gift as well as that of the officer.

Question 11

__________ are corrupt officers who exploit citizens for financial gain.

A) Grass-eaters
B) Meat-eaters
C) Flower-eaters
D) None of the above

Question 12

Immanuel Kant expanded the idea of ethics of duty to include the idea of:

A) goodwill.
B) free will.
C) non-duty acts.
D) love.

Question 13

How an individual views a controversial issue depends on their ________,character,and values.

A) ethics
B) personality
C) job
D) social status

Question 14

The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 regulates:

A) Congress.
B) the U.S. Senate.
C) judicial conduct.
D) arrests.

Question 15

________________ said "A man should be upright,not be kept upright."

A) George Washington
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) John Adams
D) Thomas Jefferson
E) None of the above

Question 16

Police ethics originally focused on unethical behaviors(s)of:

A) extortion.
B) bribery.
C) excessive force.
D) All of the above

Question 17

The approach to ethics states that the end justifies the means,even if the ends are unethical.

A) police
B) communal
C) direct
D) utilitarian

Question 18

Under Withrow and Dailey's ethics model,the receiver can act as a(n):

A) acceptor, who receives the gift humbly and without any feelings of reciprocity.
B) expector, who looks forward to the gift and regards it as likely to happen.
C) conqueror, who assumes total control over the exchange and influence over the giver.
D) None of the above
E) All of the above

Question 19

The term "ethics" is rooted in the ancient _________ idea of character.

A) Roman
B) Greek
C) Christian
D) Arabic

Question 20

Under Withrow and Dailey's ethics model,the role of the giver determines the level of corruptibility; the giver is taking a position as a:

A) presenter, who offers a gift voluntarily without any expectation of a return from the receiver.
B) contributor, who furnishes something toward a result and expects something in return.
C) capitulator, who involuntarily responds to the demands of the receiver.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 21

The wiretapping of someone's telephone might sometimes be viewed as "necessary" and "justified," though illegal.

Question 22

Miller v.Pate was an example of misconduct by:

A) a judge.
B) the defense.
C) the prosecutor.
D) the police.

Question 23

All but which of the following are examples of confidential employees in the courts?

A) Bailiffs
B) Court reporters
C) Law clerks
D) Security screeners

Question 24

Deontology means the study of duty.

Question 25

________ loyalty is the highest and most virtuous level of loyalty in the workplace.

A) Integrated
B) Institutional
C) Specific
D) Selective

Question 26

Relative ethics involves ethical issues that are black and white.

Question 27

Deception has long been practiced by police.

Question 28

The obligation of a deputy sheriff to be loyal to his or her sheriff is an example of _________ loyalty.

A) selective
B) personal
C) integrated
D) institutional

Question 29

In a study by Barker,accepted lying includes police activities to apprehend or entrap suspects.

Question 30

There is no clear line separating acceptable behaviors from unacceptable behaviors.

Question 31

Which one of the following is not one of the paradoxes between the expectation and practice of personal loyalty to superiors,as discussed by Souryal and Diamond?

A) There is no mention of loyalty in agency rules and regulations.
B) Superiors often demand loyalty when the agency is under attack, but not when the agency is stable.
C) Personal loyalty to superiors ignores the fact that some superiors are not worthy of loyalty.
D) Loyalty is returned by all superiors even though it is not required.

Question 32

The harmless error doctrine is used in appellate court to _______ a conviction.

A) affirm
B) deny
C) overturn
D) lessen the sentence for

Question 33

Illinois v.Perkins held that police undercover agents are not required to administer the Miranda warning to incarcerated inmates when investigating crimes.

Question 34

Which one of the following is not one of the common ethics tests that are used to help guide the decisions of criminal justice employees?

A) Test of common sense
B) Test of publicity
C) Test of popularity
D) Test of one's best self

Question 35

A police officer's lying on the witness stand would constitute an ethical issue.

Question 36

Some people believe there should be no ethical differences in one's personal and professional lives.

Question 37

Absolute and relative ethics are the same.

Question 38

Because of the expectation of loyalty to their supervisors,in extreme cases practitioners may find themselves:

A) lying under oath.
B) supporting cover-ups.
C) justifying untruths.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 39

________ loyalty is the obligation of each agency member to support the agency's mission.

A) Specific
B) Limited
C) Institutional
D) Personal

Question 40

Edward Tully blames for the lapse in police ethics.

A) money
B) lack of training
C) agency leaders
D) society

Question 41

The grass-eater type of police officer is considered to be the most highly corrupt.

Question 42

The Code of Conduct for United States Judges focuses most of its attention on outside activities.

Question 43

Some types of gratuities are accepted by police officers.

Question 44

Withrow and Dailey encourage the police to consider the role of the giver as well as their own intentions when deciding whether or not to accept a gratuity.

Question 45

Formal training programs in ethics can completely ensure that officers understand their department's code of ethics,elevate the importance of ethics throughout the agency,and underscore top management's support.

Question 46

Prison guards always need to grant inmates special favors to ensure the safety of the institution.

Question 47

There are currently no in-class programs,online formats,or television programs to heighten judges' sensitivity to ethical issues.

Question 48

Noble cause behaviors often involve arrogance on the part of the police and ignore the basic constitutional guidelines their occupation demands in that the ends justify the means.

Question 49

A key norm for prison guards is loyalty.

Question 50

Withrow and Dailey argue that,in certain circumstances,the exchange of any gratuity is ethical or unethical regardless of its value.

Question 51

Lying to conceal or promote criminality is deception.

Question 52

When justice practitioners offer their unwavering personal loyalty,they run the risk of violating constitutional provisions,legal requirements,and the public good.

Question 53

_____________ ethics does not consider consequences,but instead examines one's duty to act.

Question 54

The term "personal loyalty syndrome" is used to describe criminal justice practitioners who offer tremendous loyalty to their superiors and company.

Question 55

Immanuel Kant,an 18th-century philosopher,expanded the ethics of duty by including the idea of_______________.

Question 56

According to Withrow and Dailey,the position of capitulator is classified as a receiver.

Question 57

The term _____________ is rooted in the ancient Greek idea of character.

Question 58

Shakedowns of suspects are typically about greed.

Question 59

The principle of ________ ________ holds that when one commits an act to achieve a good end and an inevitable but intended effect is negative,the act might be justified.

Question 60

______________ ethics has only two sides: something is good or bad,black or white; in other words,certain acts are inherently right or wrong in themselves,

Question 61

Compare the characteristics of absolute ethics and relative ethics.What are the applications of each in the criminal justice system? Give examples to illustrate the applications.

Question 62

What is the meaning of gratuity in the context of police agencies? Why might police officers be permitted to accept them,per the model developed by Withrow and Dailey?

Question 63

The model of ____________ ___________ states that the exchange of a gift is influenced by two elements: the role of the giver and the role of the receiver.

Question 64

_____________________ established that in a criminal case the accused has a right to any exculpatory evidence in the government's possession that is favorable to the accused and is material to either guilt or punishment.Prosecutors must,therefore,disclose to the defense all exculpatory evidence.

Question 65

One of the tests to help guide the criminal justice employee in deciding what is and is not an ethical behavior that involves the public would be the ___________ test.

Question 66

What is the definition of ethics? Give examples of relative and absolute ethics.

Question 67

In what substantive ways do the police and corrections subcultures resemble each other?

Question 68

Acts of omission or avoidance knowingly committed by officials who are responsible for carrying out such acts are known as ______________.

Question 69

Police agencies are encouraged to review all officers' ___________ ________ to determine if any of them has a disciplinary history that would seriously impeach his or her credibility as a witness.

Question 70

In what ways can judges,defense attorneys,and prosecutors engage in unethical behaviors?

Question 71

Discuss the characteristics of deontological ethics and how it would be applied across the criminal justice discipline in the areas of law enforcement,the courts and corrections.

Question 72

The__________ _________ __________ can be defined as loyalty that is given by subordinates to their unworthy peers or superiors-even when resulting in violations of constitutional provisions,legal requirements,or the public good.

Question 73

One judge,who teaches judicial ethics at the National Judicial College,stated that most judges attending the college admit never having read the ABA's Model Code of _______ ___________before seeking judicial office.

Question 74

_________ ________ includes police activities intended to apprehend or entrap suspects.This type of activity is generally considered to be trickery.

Question 75

Thomas Martinelli defined_________ ________ _________ as "corruption committed in the name of good ends,corruption that happens when police officers care too much about their work."

Question 76

_____________ are complimentary gifts of money,services,or something of other value given by one party to another.

Question 77

How may corrections officers be unethical?