Deck 16: Technologies and Tools: in an Era of Big Data and the Cloud

Question 1

All of the following has been cited as a positive uses of mini tablets by prison inmates,except:

A) it allows inmates to plot escapes.
B) it allows inmates to keep up with technological advances.
C) it allows inmates to better connect with family and friends on the outside.
D) it allows for inmates to establish positive ties to their communities.
E) it allows for better educational opportunities.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Criminal justice now finds itself in the trend of what has been termed "__________________."

A) the Age of DNA
B) the DENG Era
C) the Era of Big Data
D) the DNA Engineering Period
E) None of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Patrol vehicles in the Greenwich,Connecticut,Police Department can scan up to ___________license plates per minute on all vehicles they pass.

A) 2,600
B) 4,200
C) 3,600
D) 5,300
E) None of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

____________ computing is basically the use of a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store,manage,and process data,rather than a local server or a personal computer.

A) Atmosphere
B) Cloud
C) Stratosphere
D) Astro
E) None of the above

Question 5

Some police agencies have begun using ____________________ to determine such details as vehicle location and damage,elevation,radii of curves,and critical speed.

A) Accident Scene Systems
B) Car Accident Investigation Systems
C) Central Positioning Systems
D) Global Positioning Systems

Question 6

In early 2014,the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)announced that six states had been selected to develop test sites for drones.They include all the following,except:

A) Alaska
B) Nevada
C) Virginia
D) New York
E) Oklahoma

Question 7

The following are advantages to electronic filing of court documents,except:

A) the saving of physical space.
B) increased miles of driving to the courthouse.
C) speed and ease of access to documents.
D) time savings for data entry.
E) All of the above are advantages.

Question 8

Radio-frequency identification tracking devices (RFID)are now worn in many prisons today by _______________for tracking purposes to make prisons safer.

A) inmates
B) correctional officers
C) prison office clerks
D) visitors to the prison
E) Both a and b

Question 9

With real-time reporting,during the trial,judges and attorneys can do all but which of the following?

A) Review and mark portions of testimony on their computers without interrupting the trial
B) Perform searches for specific words, phrases, roots of words, and other more complicated information instantaneously
C) Quietly poll the jury to confirm that they understand complex legal concepts
D) Review and mark portions of testimony on their computers without interrupting the trial, and perform searches for specific words, phrases, roots of words, and other more complicated information instantaneously

Question 10

It is predicted that _______flying robots will be in the skies by 2020,and that number will __________by 2030.

A) 10,000; double
B) 15,000; double
C) 20,000; triple
D) 30,000; double
E) None of the above

Question 11

Users mine N-DEx data by:

A) using an FBI web interface.
B) N-DEx correlation and resolution analysis.
C) using only past NCIC data combine with state data.
D) using NIBIN databases.
E) Both A and B

Question 12

Mental health services can also be provided to prisoners via mobile devices.Estimates are that a state can save $30,000 to $40,000 a month with such a system,which includes all but the following:

A) a voice platform.
B) video software.
C) special videophones.
D) voice stress analysis.
E) All the above are part of the system.

Question 13

All of the following are examples of modern technology law enforcement agencies are using,except:

A) full-body scanners.
B) GPS trackers.
C) text messaging.
D) ear-mounted video cameras.
E) MRI based lie detectors.

Question 14

The use of BYOD policies is thought to be beneficial because of the following except:

A) it avoids the need to train employees in their use, enabling.
B) employees to use the devices that they are already comfortable in using.
C) it can result in officers spending more time in the office.
D) it allows greater access to resources and communication when in the field.
E) All are beneficial.

Question 15

Robots can now be fitted with all but which of the following?

A) The ability to see through concrete walls
B) A camera (also useful for photographing crime scenes)
C) A TASER
D) The ability to engage in two-way communications
E) Odor sensing

Question 16

For security concerns,law enforcement users of modern data storage should:

A) ensure that they retain ownership of all data.
B) ensure that the storage provider does not mine the data for other commercial purposes.
C) ensure that the data is not used for anything not specifically authorized.
D) ensure that the law enforcement agency is allowed to conduct audits of provider
E) All of the above

Question 17

One way to view the use of large amounts of data as it is applied to law enforcement is to consider the __________________________ (N-DEx).

A) Law Enforcement Central Information Center
B) Federal Information Clearinghouse
C) State Collaboration of Information Exchange
D) Law Enforcement National Data Exchange

Question 18

In late 2012,________became the first state to initiate a ballistics database that allows investigators to match shell casings with a national database.

A) Louisiana
B) Virginia
C) New York
D) California
E) None of the above

Question 19

There are several potential problems with BYOD,which have led to lawsuits and created a need for new policies due to potential violations of the _________________.

A) Labor Protection Act
B) Fair Labor Standards Act
C) Equal Pay Act
D) Fair Labor Protection Act
D) None of the above

Question 20

The Courts and Law Enforcement Management Information Systems (CLEMIS)Consortium system includes data sets for all but the following:

A) arrestees.
B) citations.
C) parolees.
D) sex offenders.
E) All are included in the system.

Question 21

Advocates,for the use of UAVs and the potential for the violations of citizens' rights argue:

A) They carry human operators for the benefit of everyone.
B) They do not carry mission payloads.
C) They are not directed by a ground or airborne controller.
D) They are no worse than the widespread use of cell phone cameras.

Question 22

At present,the Stored Communications Act,enacted in 1986 as part (Title II)of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986,allows law enforcement access to electronic messages greater than ______ days old without a warrant.

A) 200
B) 360
C) 90
D) 180
E) None of the above

Question 23

Pennsylvania police have access to a system that can scan social media as part of its facial recognition system.

Question 24

Strip searches now use full-body scanning technology using x-rays to identify any metallic or organic materials.

Question 25

A baited cell phone and/or tablet have been found to also be a deterrent to crime.

Question 26

When a QT (Quick Time)Code is scanned with a camera-enabled smartphone,the user can link to digital content on the web and activate a number of other functions.

Question 27

The ________________Act makes illegal the "manufacture,import,selling,shipment,delivery,possession,transfer,or reception of any firearm that is not detectable by walk-through metal detectors.

A) Unidentified Firearms
B) Undetectable Firearms
C) Uniform Firearms
D) Undetectable Weapons

Question 28

N-DEx uses a simple traffic light model to specify permissions or authority for access to the system.

Question 29

_______________________ uses a wearable computer and a head-mounted display with advanced software and 3-D applications.

A) Environmental mapping
B) An unmanned aerial vehicle
C) A virtual laptop
D) Augmented reality

Question 30

3D printing technology can:

A) create firearms that use digital blueprints.
B) allow amateurs and virtually anyone with access to a printer to make guns.
C) produce a weapon that can be fired.
D) All the above
E) None of the above

Question 31

Which of the following is not one of the new technologies that are now in development?

A) Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
B) Augmented reality (AR)
C) Voice-activated firearms
D) Sonic rifles

Question 32

The Courts and Law Enforcement Management Information Systems are useful,but limited as they only have four data sets.

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the possible uses of augmented reality in future policing?

A) Real-time language translation
B) Facial and voiceprint recognition data of known criminals
C) Offender tracking
D) Accessibility of scalable, three-dimensional maps

Question 34

One of the disadvantages to cloud computing is the increased cost of hardware and software.

Question 35

The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law will spearhead the effort,aggregating documents and media from selected courts.When the project is complete,content will be more accessible to non-legal audiences mentioned in the textbook,except:

A) journalists.
B) educational institutions.
C) correctional facility inmates.
D) the general public.

Question 36

The Law Enforcement National Data Exchange is designed to assist agencies in making data correlations but not useful in predictive policing.

Question 37

Cloud computing,like big data,is easy to define.It is simply computer networking.

Question 38

Law enforcement agencies using a cloud service provider do not have to worry about the provider using the data for unauthorized purposes.

Question 39

When using cloud technology all that is required of the user's computer is the ability to run the cloud computing system's interface software.The cloud's network takes care of the rest.

Question 40

The expanded uses of license plate readers have not been challenged in the courts due to their high reliability factor.

Question 41

Currently,there are no states using Facebook and other social media to arrest people or those who skip out on court-mandated parole.

Question 42

Robots are now fitted with odor sensors; video capability,including night vision; and a camera (also useful for photographing crime scenes).

Question 43

Alabama prisons require all prison ___________to have their fingerprints scanned before entering,in order to verify they are who they say they are.

Question 44

BYOD programs can result in officers spending more time on the streets and do not require any additional policy changes in law enforcement agencies.

Question 45

Software now exists that contains about ___________types of shoes in its database and can reduce the search time process to 20 minutes.

Question 46

The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law will spearhead the effort to enhance public access to legal data,aggregating documents and media from courts in California,Florida,Illinois,New York,and Texas.When the project is complete,content will be more accessible to non-legal audiences,such as to journalists,but not the general public.

Question 47

Radio-frequency identification tracking (RFID)devices are only worn by inmates,making prisons safer and requiring fewer correctional personnel for surveillance.

Question 48

The U.S.Supreme Court recently held that police attaching a Global Positioning System (GPS)Device to a suspect's vehicle does not require a warrant because the vehicle travels on public roads.

Question 49

Electronic court records have revolutionized the way courts conduct business.Lost files are generally a thing of the past.

Question 50

Web-based technology is now being used to educate prisoners,treat prisoners who are drug addicts or sex offenders,and provide inmates with vocational training.

Question 51

Services provided by a cloud service provider must comply with the requirements of the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services ___________ __________.

Question 52

The Undetectable Firearms Act makes illegal the "manufacture,import,selling,shipment,delivery,possession,transfer,or reception of any firearm that is not detectable by walk-through metal detectors,or has major components that do not generate an accurate image by airport X-ray machines."

Question 53

A study found that a telemedicine program led to nearly $1 billion in savings over a 10-year period,while also cutting back on emergency-room and doctor office visits by 70 percent,but did little to reduce unnecessary medical tests.

Question 54

Anyone who has an e-mail account with a web-based e-mail service (e.g.,Hotmail,Yahoo!,or Gmail)has been involved with___________ __________.

Question 55

The FBI has begun collaborating with academia,private industry,police agencies,and Michigan State University toward creating a ____________database.

Question 56

Users mine N-DEx data in two ways.First,using a web ________that the FBI provides,agencies can search records to scour information.The second N-DEx search engine performs correlation and resolution analysis.

Question 57

As the costs of UAVs continue to increase,police agencies will not be adopting drones for law enforcement use any time soon.

Question 58

3-D technology,where a solid object can be made from a digital model,is of little concern to criminal justice agencies as it has not been used to make a weapon.

Question 59

Predictive analytics to show crime trends have a long history in crime prevention,tracing back to New York City's ___________ program.

Question 60

Microsoft deems _______ ______ as being "the process of applying serious computing power-the latest in machine learning and artificial intelligence-to seriously massive and often highly complex sets of information."

Question 61

Although the FAA currently forbids the operation of _________ in national air space,that will likely change soon.

Question 62

Of greatest concern to criminal justice agencies is that the applications of 3-D technology include the ability to make _________ _______and other illegal materials that can slip through metal detectors.

Question 63

A typical case file,composed of documents from litigants,attorneys,judges,court staff,the clerk's office,and other officials,makes up the "___________ ____________" that governs everything that happens.

Question 64

In mid-2013,__________ began allowing jail inmates to purchase and use mini-tablet computers to better connect them with their families and friends on the outside.

Question 65

Modern prison cameras are even ___________resistant and able to withstand both a beating by a sledgehammer and attempts by inmates to disable them during a fight or escape.

Question 66

___________ with 7-foot arms that scan the inside and undercarriage of vehicles for bombs are relatively commonplace.

Question 67

Explain how a cloud storage computing system works,including the advantages and special concerns of its use.

Question 68

Electronic court records (ECR)are incoming documents that are scanned and then processed using _________rather than paper.

Question 69

Electronic filing with digital documents can go directly to the clerk's electronic filing manager system,bypassing the need to _________them.

Question 70

Define what is referred to as the era of "big data" and describe its relevance to law enforcement agencies.

Question 71

A _______________ policy is one that allows employees to bring their personal mobile devices (laptops,tablets,and smart phones)to the workplace for accessing privileged agency information.

Question 72

Police departments are using ___________on patrol cars to scan and track the _________________of each vehicle they pass.

Question 73

Although more advanced tracking mechanisms exist,such as ___________devices that scan an inmate's iris or fingerprints,their cost is often prohibitive.

Question 74

____________ __________ refers to the process where a solid object can be made from a digital model,as layers of material are laid down in different shapes.

Question 75

A device is being tested that shoots a small __________________dart that attaches itself to a suspect's vehicle during a high-speed pursuit.

Question 76

________________in correctional facilities refers to the use of telecommunications technology to remotely diagnosis and treat inmates medical needs.

Question 77

____________ tracking also makes it easier to count prisoners,and prison staff can react quicker when inmates try to escape.

Question 78

The video files produced by law enforcement agencies must be stored,tracked,managed,and shared with prosecutors and defense attorneys during the _____________ process if used as evidence.

Question 79

Strip searches now,however,use full-body scanning technology and require only that arrestees remove their___________.

Question 80

What does the field of robotics promise for the police?