Deck 6: The Human Population and Urbanization

Question 1

Between the years 1950 and 2009, the total fertility rate in developing countries

A)increased from 2.8 to 6.5
B)decreased from 6.5 to 2.8
C)decreased from 2.5 to 1.6
D)increased from 1.6 to 2.5
E)increased from 2.5 to 2.8

Answer 1

decreased from 6.5 to 2.8

Question 2

Although it took thousands of years for the human population to increase to the first 2 billion, it took _____ years for it to increase by another 2 billion

A)200
B)100
C)75
D)just less than 50
E)none of these answers

Answer 2

just less than 50

Question 3

The three most populous countries on the Earth are, in order of population size from largest to smallest:

A)China, India, and the United States
B)India, China, and the United States
C)China, India, and Brazil
D)China, Brazil, and India
E)India, China, and Russia

Answer 3

China, India, and the United States

Question 4

Which of the following are ways that humans have degraded natural capital to meet their own needs and wants?

A)increasing use of the Earth's net primary productivity
B)relying mostly on polluting and climate-changing fossil fuels
C)using some renewable resources faster than they can be replenished
D)eliminating many natural predators and reducing biodiversity
E)all of these answers

Question 5

The population change in a particular area or country in a particular year can be calculated by

A)(deaths + emigration) - (births + immigration)
B)(births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration)
C)(deaths + immigration) - (births + emigration)
D)(births + emigration) - (deaths + immigration)
E)(births + deaths) - (immigration + emigration)

Question 6

The cultural carrying capacity is the

A)number of humans the planet can support with consumptive lifestyles
B)maximum number of people the Earth can support at a reasonable level of comfort and freedom without impairing the planet's ability to sustain future generations in the same way
C)the maximum number of people that can be supported in a fashion that allows them to pursue culturally satisfying forms of social interaction
D)the degree to which an urban area can support a variety of cultural entities such as museums and symphony orchestras
E)none of these answers

Question 7

The average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years is the

A)crude birth rate
B)total birth rate
C)total fertility rate
D)crude fertility rate
E)population's natural rate of increase

Question 8

Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child?

A)The child is part of the family labor pool.
B)Contraceptives are not available.
C)They have no public or private pension.
D)Women have many opportunities to participate in the work force.
E)Infant mortality rates are high.

Question 9

The crude birth rate is the number of live births per _____ persons in a given year.

A)50
B)100
C)500
D)1,000
E)10,000

Question 10

The human population increased from about 4 billion to about 6 billion (increasing by another 2 billion) in

A)100 years
B)75 years
C)50 years
D)25 years
E)none of these answers

Question 11

The actual average replacement-level fertility for the whole world is slightly higher than

A)one child per couple
B)two children per couple
C)three children per couple
D)four children per couple
E)six children per couple

Question 12

The world population increases by about ____ people each day.

A)1.2 million
B)82 million
C)2.4
D)225,000
E)100,000

Question 13

Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region are

A)birth rate and death rate
B)replacement-level fertility rate and total fertility rate
C)life expectancy and infant mortality rate
D)life expectancy and death rate
E)life expectancy and population growth rate

Question 14

Opponents of population control cite which of the following?

A)Population regulation is viewed as a violation of religious or moral beliefs.
B)Population growth stimulates economic growth.
C)Population regulation is viewed as an invasion of privacy.
D)All of these answers.
E)Population regulation is viewed as a violation of religious or moral beliefs and population regulation is viewed as an invasion of privacy correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major factor in human population increase in the last 200 years?

A)Humans have developed the ability to expand into almost all of the planet's climate zones.
B)Early and modern agriculture has allowed more people to be fed per unit of land area.
C)Improved health and sanitation has lowered the death rate.
D)All of these answers are correct.
E)Only two of these answers are correct.

Question 16

Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children out of 1,000 that die

A)before birth
B)in their first month
C)in the first half-year of life
D)by their first birthday
E)by their fifth birthday

Question 17

How many people are estimated to live in acute poverty today in developing countries?

A)1.4 billion
B)1.4 million
C)140,000
D)82 million
E)none of these answers

Question 18

A high infant mortality rate is most often associated with

A)a high standard of living
B)undernutrition
C)malnutrition
D)undernutrition and malnutrition
E)affluence

Question 19

The world population is expected to increase from _____ in 2009 to _____ in 2050.

A)6.8 million, 9.5 million
B)6.8 billion, 9.5 billion
C)7.5 billion, 11 billion
D)7.5 million, 11 million
E)No such numbers are available because too many factors affect human population growth.

Question 20

All of the following reasons help explain why the United States has one of the highest infant mortality rates of developed countries except

A)lack of health care for children of the poor after birth
B)the older age of pregnant women as a result of many women delaying having children
C)lack of health care for poor women while they are pregnant
D)high birth rate for teenage women
E)none of these answers

Question 21

Women possess ____ of the world's land.

A)less than 2%
B)10%
C)25%
D)50%
E)75%

Question 22

The demographic transition model helps to explain why

A)Death rates rise in industrializing nations.
B)Industrialization leads to population growth.
C)Development requires large populations.
D)Birth rates fall before death rates.
E)Death rates fall before birth rates.

Question 23

Countries undergoing rapid population decline may experience a rise in the proportion of the population

A)on social security
B)consuming a large fraction of medical services
C)who are older people
D)able to find work, due to labor shortages
E)all of these answers

Question 24

Women receive about ____ of the world's income.

A)1%
B)10%
C)25%
D)50%
E)75%

Question 25

Population age structure diagrams can be divided into all of the following categories except

A)infant
B)prereproductive
C)reproductive
D)postreproductive
E)The choice of answers does not represent age structure diagram categories.

Question 26

The term demographic transition refers to

A)a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable
B)the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity
C)the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates when a country becomes industrialized
D)the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred when the germ theory of disease was discovered
E)all of these answers

Question 27

In the demographic transition model, death rates fall while birth rates remain high during

A)the preindustrial stage
B)the industrial stage
C)the postindustrial stage
D)the transitional stage
E)none of these answers

Question 28

One of the cultural preferences driving couples to continue having children in India is

A)the preference for female children
B)the desire to have both male and female children
C)the preference for male children
D)the perceived need for children to care for them in old age
E)more than one of these answers

Question 29

Which of the following are factors that hinder demographic transition in developing countries?

A)shortages of scientists, engineers, and skilled workers
B)insufficient financial capital
C)large debts to developed countries
D)a drop in economic assistance from developed countries since 1985
E)all of these answers

Question 30

China's population policy has included all of the following except

A)encouraging later marriages
B)health, pension, and employment benefits for a one-child pledge
C)urging couples to have no more than one child
D)free access to birth control
E)banning abortion

Question 31

In the demographic transition model, birth and death rates are high during

A)the preindustrial stage
B)the industrial stage
C)the postindustrial stage
D)the transitional stage
E)none of these answers

Question 32

Which of the following implies the greatest built-in momentum for population growth?

A)a large population size
B)a large number of people age 29 to 44
C)a large number of people under age 34
D)a large number of people under age 15
E)a large number of people over the age of 45

Question 33

The age structure of a population is the number or percentage of

A)females under reproductive age
B)females at reproductive age
C)males age 15 to 44
D)persons of each sex in young, middle, and older age groups
E)persons of each sex age 15 to 44

Question 34

Which of the following countries has the fastest growing population?

A)China
B)United States
C)France
D)Great Britain
E)Germany

Question 35

Which of the following statements about women's employment/economic status is false?

A)Women do more than half of the work gathering fuelwood.
B)Women do more than half of the work involved in producing food.
C)Women have more than half of the world's assets.
D)Women provide more of the world's health care than all of the world's organized health services put together.
E)Women do almost all domestic work and child care.

Question 36

Age structure diagrams

A)show only two age groups: reproductive and not reproductive
B)show the number of males and females in the reproductive age categories only
C)are strictly for present use and do not provide insight into future trends
D)are useful for studying developing countries but not developed countries
E)are useful for predicting population momentum

Question 37

Rapidly growing countries have an age structure that

A)forms an inverted pyramid
B)has a broad-based pyramid
C)shows little variation in population by age
D)has a narrow pyramid
E)has a relatively large postreproductive population

Question 38

Women tend to have fewer children when they:

A)Live in societies in which their individual rights are protected.
B)Have access to paying jobs outside the home.
C)Have access to education.
D)All of these answers.
E)Live in societies in which their individual rights are protected and have access to education.

Question 39

Currently, legal and illegal immigration account for _____ of U.S. a.population growth.

A)19%
B)29%
C)39%
D)49%
E)59%

Question 40

India ____ family-planning program.

A)had the world's first national
B)has the world's most successful
C)has the world's only national
D)has the world's largest
E)all of these answers

Question 41

The urban growth occurring in the developing countries is

A)generally well planned and orderly
B)helping to eliminate urban poverty
C)generally offset by migration to rural areas
D)caused by both immigration and natural increase
E)all of these answers

Question 42

Which of the following climate conditions are generally higher in urban areas than in suburbs and rural areas?

A)cloud cover
B)temperature
C)fog
D)precipitation
E)all of these answers

Question 43

Urban populations occupy only about 2% of Earth's land area, but they consume ____ of its resources.

A)10%
B)20%
C)45%
D)55%
E)75%

Question 44

In the future, coastal cities will likely be faced with

A)severe water shortages when the mountaintop glaciers that feed the watersheds coming into these cities are reduced by global warming
B)flooding as sea levels rise secondary to global warming
C)higher populations as people move from arid areas because of droughts
D)no major changes in water availability or population size
E)changes in water availability, but no changes in population size

Question 45

Since 1980, the U.S. a.population has

A)shifted to the north and east
B)shifted to the north and west
C)shifted to the south and east
D)shifted to the south and west
E)shifted to the north as people seek cooler areas because of global warming

Question 46

In the United States, ____ of all urban transportation is by car.

A)68%
B)78%
C)88%
D)98%
E)48%

Question 47

Which of the following factors can be said to favor urban sprawl?

A)cheap gasoline
B)affordable land
C)increased prosperity
D)poor urban planning
E)all of these answers

Question 48

"Fecal snow" is characteristic of

A)Sao Paulo
B)Mexico City
C)Calcutta
D)Rio de Janeiro
E)Bombay

Question 49

Which of the following statements is false?

A)About 1.2 million people are killed worldwide annually in motor vehicle accidents.
B)Motor vehicles are the largest source of air pollution.
C)More Americans have been killed by automobiles than on battlefields in all U.S. a.wars.
D)In the United States, more than 40,000 people die annually in motor vehicle accidents.
E)None of these answers are false.

Question 50

Which of the following are benefits of urbanization?

A)Birth rates are lower.
B)People have better access to health care.
C)People have better access to education.
D)Recycling is more economically feasible.
E)All of these answers.

Question 51

Which of the following statements are true?

A)The United States is a car-centered nation.
B)One-third of the world's passenger cars and commercial vehicles are in the United States.
C)Three of every four United States residents drive alone to work every day.
D)All Americans, combined, drive about the same distance in a year as all other drivers in the world combined.
E)All of these answers are true statements.

Question 52

There are currently a number of megacities on the planet, with populations greater than 10 million. a.The first hypercity on the planet, with a population of 35 million people, is

A)Mumbai in India
B)Tokyo in Japan
C)New York City in the United States
D)Moscow in Russia
E)Montreal in Canada

Question 53

It can be said that poverty is becoming _____ urbanized, mostly in _____ countries.

A)less, developing
B)increasingly, developed
C)increasingly, developing
D)less, developed
E)somewhat, both developed and developing

Question 54

Between 1850 and 2009, the global urban revolution resulted in urban population increasing from

A)2% to 50%
B)7% to 62%
C)14% to 43%
D)15% to 92%
E)25% to 95%

Question 55

Breathing the air of Mexico City is like smoking _____ pack(s) of cigarettes each day.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 56

The concentration of the U.S. a.population into urban areas has had the following positive effect on our natural resources:

A)It has reduced the use of fossil fuels, as delivery of essential goods and services occurs in a more defined, smaller area.
B)It has helped protect the country's biodiversity by reducing the destruction and degradation of wildlife habitat.
C)It has reduced global warming, since the use of fossil fuels occurs only in very concentrated areas.
D)All of these answers.

Question 57

Advantages of Mass Transit Rail systems include which of the following?

A)Causes fewer injuries and deaths than cars.
B)Inexpensive to build.
C)Produces less air pollution than cars.
D)All of these answers are correct.
E)Two of these answers choices are correct

Question 58

A city can be described as a

A)cool pocket
B)dust bowl
C)heat island
D)wind tunnel
E)all of these answers

Question 59

Full-cost pricing of gasoline refers to taxing gasoline by the gallon, as it is purchased, to cover the estimated harmful costs of driving. a.This tax has been estimated to be:

A)$2.90 per gallon
B)$12.00 per gallon just for the tax
C)$12.00 per gallon when combined with the cost of the gas itself
D)$4.00 per gallon
E)none of these answers

Question 60

Dispersed cities

A)exist where land is plentiful
B)exist where gasoline is cheap
C)are found in the United States
D)require a network of highways for convenient travel
E)all of these answers

Question 61

Urban areas are attracting more and more residents, partly because of the hope for employment.

Question 62

Megacities have improved significantly over the last decade due to public water supplies and better sanitation.

Question 63

India's system of population control is more effective than China's because India's system is based on preventative instead of corrective measures.

Question 64

The environmental limits that will control growth of the human population are precisely known by scientists.

Question 65

Family planning, economic opportunities for women, and schooling for girls generally produces a higher birth rate.

Question 66

In Curitiba, Brazil,

A)Day care centers are free for low-income parents.
B)Recycled old buses are used as health clinics and soup kitchens.
C)95 percent of the citizens can read.
D)70 percent of the paper used is recycled.
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 67

Birth and death rates generally decline as countries develop economically.

Question 68

Currently there are five hypercities in the world, one of which is Tokyo, Japan.

Question 69

Women who live in rural areas have a lower total fertility rate than those in urban areas.

Question 70

Because of the concentration of people, automobiles, business enterprises, and industries in cities, they can never be sustainable.

Question 71

Smart growth or new urbanism tools include greenbelts around cities, high density cluster housing, and

A)extensive freeway networks to provide efficient travel to and from work
B)taxing buildings
C)taxing land instead of buildings
D)no construction of expensive mass transit systems
E)all of these answers

Question 72

If you visited Curitiba, Brazil, you would expect to find

A)no recycling program
B)a sophisticated bus system
C)very polluted air
D)residents who wish to relocate to other cities
E)no high-rise apartments

Question 73

Death rates are very high during the preindustrial stage of demographic transitions.

Question 74

Mass transit helps to create urban sprawl.

Question 75

An ecocity is

A)car oriented
B)industry oriented
C)profit oriented
D)people oriented
E)family oriented

Question 76

Some United States cities are attempting to be more livable and more environmentally sustainable. a.Examples are:

A)Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona
B)Houston and Dallas, Texas
C)San Bernardino and Oakland, California
D)Atlanta, Georgia, and Miami, Florida
E)Davis, California; Portland, Oregon; and Chattanooga, Tennessee

Question 77

In an ecocity, plants are utilized to provide shade and beauty. a.Typically, the plants are

A)always fast-growing, broadleaf plants
B)adapted to local climate and soils
C)adapted so they do not use much water
D)resistant to pests
E)all of these answers

Question 78

The political structure in China has indirectly influenced a gender imbalance favoring men.

Question 79

Based on resource use per person, the United States is more overpopulated than China.

Question 80

The declining economic health of cities often reduces services to their residents: water, electricity, open spaces, timely garbage collection, etc.