Deck 36: Hemolytic Disorders and Congenital Anomalies

Question 1

An infant diagnosed with erythroblastosis fetalis characteristically exhibits:

A)Edema
B)Immature red blood cells
C)Enlargement of the heart
D)Ascites

Answer 1

Immature red blood cells

Question 2

A major nursing intervention for an infant born with myelomeningocele is to:

A)Protect the sac from injury
B)Prepare the parents for the child's paralysis from the waist down
C)Prepare the parents for closure of the sac at around 2 years of age
D)Assess for cyanosis

Answer 2

Protect the sac from injury

Question 3

____________________ is a condition in which the ventricles of the brain are enlarged as a result of an imbalance between the production and absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).An infant with this condition initially has a bulging anterior fontanel and a head circumference that increases at an abnormal rate,resulting from the increase in CSF pressure.

Answer 3

Hydrocephalus
If the surgical shunting of excess CSF from the brain is not done soon after birth,the resulting intracranial pressure will lead to irreversible neurologic damage.

Question 4

Which infant is more likely to have Rh incompatibility?

A)Infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor
B)Infant who is Rh negative and whose mother is Rh negative
C)Infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and heterozygous for the Rh factor
D)Infant who is Rh positive and whose mother is Rh positive

Question 5

The priority nursing diagnosis for a newborn diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia is:

A)Risk for impaired parent-infant attachment
B)Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
C)Risk for infection
D)Impaired gas exchange

Question 6

The most common cause of pathologic hyperbilirubinemia is:

A)Hepatic disease
B)Hemolytic disorders in the newborn
C)Postmaturity
D)Congenital heart defect

Question 7

With regard to congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems,nurses should be aware that:

A)Cardiac disease may be manifested by respiratory signs and symptoms
B)Screening for congenital anomalies of the respiratory system need only be done for infants having respiratory distress
C)Choanal atresia can be corrected by a suction catheter
D)Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are diagnosed and treated after birth

Question 8

Cleft lip or palate is a common congenital midline fissure,or opening,in the lip or palate resulting from failure of the primary palate to fuse.Multiple genetic and,to a lesser extent,environmental factors may lead to the development of a cleft lip or palate.Such factors include (choose all that apply):

A)Alcohol consumption
B)Female gender
C)Use of some anticonvulsant medications
D)Maternal cigarette smoking
E)Antibiotic use in pregnancy

Question 9

The most widespread use of postnatal testing for genetic disease is the routine screening of newborns for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM).Which condition is not an IEM?

A)Phenylketonuria (PKU)
B)Galactosemia
C)Hemoglobinopathy
D)Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 10

As a home care nurse,you are visiting a 5-day-old male infant for a scheduled follow-up appointment to ensure that he is responding to home phototherapy for treatment of jaundice.Based on the diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia,you are aware that the development of acute bilirubin encephalopathy is a risk for this infant.This disease process occurs after the bilirubin level has peaked.After completing a thorough assessment and obtaining a history from the parents,you recognize that this infant is in the first phase of encephalopathy when he exhibits:

A)A high-pitched cry
B)Severe muscle spasms (opisthotonos)
C)Fever and seizures
D)Hypotonia,lethargy,and poor suck

Question 11

When attempting to diagnose and treat developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH),the nurse should:

A)Be able to perform the Ortolani and Barlow tests
B)Teach double or triple diapering for added support
C)Explain to the parents the need for serial casting
D)Carefully monitor infants for DDH at follow-up visits

Question 12

Maternal obesity can increase the risk of congenital heart anomalies.Is this statement true or false?

Question 13

Research has shown that maternal folic acid deficit has no bearing on failure of the neural tube defects to close.Is this statement true or false?