Deck 5: Development of the Nervous System

Question 1

Which one of the following correctly pairs a brain structure with its developmental source?

A)Forebrain;hypothalamus
B)Midbrain;cerebellum
C)Hindbrain;basal ganglia
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above

Answer 1

A
Explanation: During development,the brain region of the neural tube expands into three enlargements: hindbrain,midbrain,and forebrain.The hindbrain ultimately becomes the medulla,pons,and cerebellum.The midbrain retains its name.The forebrain becomes the thalamus,hypothalamus,cerebral hemispheres,and deep nuclei including the basal ganglia.

Question 2

Which one of the following statements about somites is NOT true?

A)The sclerotome develops into the vertebrae and skull.
B)The myotome develops into skeletal muscle.
C)The dermatome develops into skin.
D)Somites are added in a caudal-to-rostral direction.
E)Somites develop adjacent to the neural groove.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Somites initially appear in the occipital region,adjacent to the neural groove,and are added in a rostral-to-caudal direction.The anteromedial sclerotome becomes the vertebrae and skull,the posteromedial myotome develops into skeletal muscle,and the lateral dermatome develops into the dermis.

Question 3

Neurons that develop in the ventral region of the neural tube become:

A)Interneurons and projections neurons.
B)Interneurons and the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle.
C)Interneurons of the autonomic nervous system.
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Neurons in the ventral region of the neural tube proliferate to form interneurons and the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles.Neurons in the dorsal tube proliferate to form interneurons and projection neurons,whereas neurons from the neural crest form autonomic neurons.

Question 4

Which one of the following structures is derived from the neural crest?

A)Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
B)Motor neurons to skeletal muscle
C)Peripheral nerve except motor neurons
D)Ventral horn of the spinal cord
E)Both A and D

Question 5

Alcohol abuse during pregnancy can result in which of the following?

A)Physical deformities
B)Holoprosencephaly
C)Cognitive,motor,and behavioral problems
D)Both A and C
E)All of the above

Question 6

Which one of the following forms of spina bifida is the least severe and usually does not result in neural symptoms?

A)Spina bifida with myeloschisis
B)Spina bifida with meningomyelocele
C)Spina bifida with meningocele
D)Spina bifida occulta
E)All forms of spina bifida result in neural symptoms.

Question 7

An Arnold-Chiari type II malformation:

A)Is not associated with a defect of the lower neural tube.
B)Consists of herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the vertebral canal.
C)Is associated with progressive hydrocephalus.
D)Usually manifests during adolescence or early adulthood.

Question 8

Somites are derived from which one of the following pre-embryonic cell layers?

A)Endoderm
B)Mesoderm
C)Ectoderm
D)Neural crest
E)None of the above

Question 9

Factors associated with autistic disorders include:

A)Abnormality of the caudate and putamen.
B)Temporal cortical damage.
C)Cerebellar atrophy.
D)Prenatal hypoxia.

Question 10

Pharmacologic treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)involves:

A)Depressant drugs that increase serotonin and epinephrine availability.
B)Stimulant drugs that increase dopamine and norepinephrine availability.
C)Depressant drugs that decrease glutamate and acetylcholine availability.
D)Stimulant drugs that decrease dopamine and epinephrine availability.

Question 11

During critical periods of neurologic development:

A)Neuronal projections compete for synaptic sites.
B)Conditions for learning a new task are optimal.
C)Permanent structural changes occur in the nervous system.
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above

Question 12

During development,the nervous system is sculpted through which of the following?

A)Neuronal death
B)Neuronal activity
C)Axon retraction
D)All of the above

Question 13

The autism spectrum is made up of:

A)Autistic disorder.
B)Asperger's syndrome.
C)Pervasive developmental disorder.
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above

Question 14

A child with motor deficits is being prepared for a clinical examination.Her chart reads that she has been diagnosed with Werdnig-Hoffman disease.This is a form of which of the following?

A)Spina bifida
B)Cerebral palsy
C)Spinal muscle atrophy
D)Autism

Question 15

A 2-year-old boy is recently identified as having a motor impairment in the lower extremities because of a perinatal injury.This is an example of which of the following?

A)Congenital motor delay
B)Progressive developmental disorder
C)Growing into deficit
D)Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Question 16

The central nervous system is most susceptible to major malformation during which one of the following periods of development?

A)Weeks 1 to 10
B)Weeks 2 to 20
C)Weeks 20 to 40
D)Postnatal

Question 17

Which one of the following statements is true regarding the stages of development?

A)The pre-embryonic stage involves the formation of a blastocyst.
B)The embryonic stage occurs after the 8th week of development.
C)Myelination occurs during the fetal stage of development.
D)Both A and C
E)All of the above

Question 18

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD):

A)Is often associated with behavioral and social problems.
B)Usually continues into adulthood.
C)Is not associated with an identifiable neurologic problem.
D)All of the above

Question 19

When working with a child with cerebral palsy,involuntarily slow,writhing movements in the arms and legs are observed.This is most likely classified as:

A)Dystonic cerebral palsy
B)Spastic cerebral palsy
C)Ataxic cerebral palsy
D)Hypotonic cerebral palsy

Question 20

Which one the following statements is true?

A)Cerebral palsy is permanent and progressive.
B)Damage to the basal ganglia produces ataxic cerebral palsy.
C)Hypoxia during birth is a common cause of cerebral palsy.
D)Cognitive,visual,and speech deficits are common in cerebral palsy.
E)None of the above