Deck 14: Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Auditory information is transmitted from the cochlear nuclei to which of the following structures?

A)Reticular formation
B)Inferior colliculus
C)Medial geniculate body
D)All of the above

Answer 1

D
Explanation: From the cochlear nuclei,auditory information is transmitted to three structures: (1)reticular formation, (2)inferior colliculus (directly and via the superior olive),and (3)medial geniculate body.

Question 2

What are the differences between conductive deafness and sensorineural deafness?

A)No differences exist;they are two names for the same pathologic condition.
B)Acoustic trauma,ototoxic drugs,or disease cause conduction deafness;excessive wax in the outer ear or otitis media cause sensorineural deafness.
C)Conduction deafness involves the outer or middle ear;sensorineural deafness involves the receptor cells and/or cochlear nerve.
D)Conduction deafness involves the cochlear nerve;sensorineural deafness involves the outer or middle ear.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Conductive deafness occurs when transmission of vibrations is prevented in the outer or middle ear.The common causes of conductive deafness are excessive wax in the outer ear canal or otitis media.Sensorineural deafness,as a result of damage of the receptor cells and/or the cochlear nerve,is less common than conductive deafness.The usual causes are acoustic trauma,ototoxic drugs,Ménière's disease,and acoustic neuroma.

Question 3

In dysarthria,only vocal speech is affected;that is,only the motor production of sounds is affected.This statement is which of the following?

A)True.Dysarthria is the poor control of speech muscles.
B)False.People with dysarthria are also unable to understand spoken language.
C)False.People with dysarthria are also unable to hear spoken language.
D)False.People with dysarthria are also unable to write.

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Poor control of the speech muscles is dysarthria.In dysarthria,only vocal speech is affected;that is,only the motor production of sounds is affected.People with dysarthria can understand spoken language,write,and read.Lower motor neuron involvement of CNs V,VII,X,or XII can cause dysarthria.Dysarthria can also result from upper motor neuron lesions or dysfunction of the muscles that produce speech.

Question 4

The temporalis,medial and lateral pterygoid,and masseter muscles are innervated by which of the following?

A)Trigeminal nerve
B)Glossopharyngeal nerve
C)Accessory nerve
D)Facial nerve
E)Hypoglossal nerve

Question 5

In what part of the anatomy would you find the organ of Corti?

A)Cochlea
B)Vestibular apparatus
C)Wernicke's area
D)Reticular formation

Question 6

The facial nerve innervates which of the following?

A)Muscles that close the eyes,move the lips,and produce facial expressions
B)Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
C)Masseter,pterygoids,and temporalis
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 7

Three cortical areas are dedicated to processing auditory information: the primary auditory cortex,the secondary auditory cortex,and Wernicke's area.This statement is which of the following?

A)True.
B)False.Wernicke's area is not the area involved;rather,Broca's area is involved in processing auditory information.
C)False.The secondary auditory cortex is not involved.
D)False.Broca's area is also involved in processing auditory information.

Question 8

What is Bell's palsy?

A)Loss of the consensual reflex
B)Increased sweating and vasodilation on one side of the face
C)Contralateral paralysis of the muscles innervated by CN VII
D)Ipsilateral paralysis of the muscles innervated by CN VII
E)Severe pain in the facial region near the jaw

Question 9

What is the pupillary reflex?

A)Pupil dilation in response to a light shining into the eye
B)Pupil constriction in response to a light shining into the eye
C)Pupil movement toward a moving stimulus
D)None of the above

Question 10

First-order neurons that transmit fast sensory information perceived as pain from the face synapse in which of the following?

A)Mesencephalic nucleus
B)Trigeminal ganglion
C)Reticular formation
D)Main sensory nucleus
E)Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 11

First-order neurons conveying discriminative touch information from the face synapse in which of the following?

A)Ciliary ganglion
B)Trigeminal ganglion
C)Main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
D)Ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
E)Mesencephalic nucleus

Question 12

What symptoms would manifest after a complete lesion of the vagus nerve?

A)Compromise of both the gag reflex and the swallowing reflex;decrease in salivation
B)Atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue
C)Paralysis of the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
D)Difficulty speaking and swallowing,poor digestion,asymmetric elevation of the palate,and hoarseness

Question 13

A complete lesion of the abducens nerve will cause the eye to look inward.Why?

A)Paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle leaves the pull of the medial rectus muscle unopposed.
B)Paralysis of the medial rectus muscle leaves the pull of the lateral rectus muscle unopposed.
C)Paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle opposes the pull of the medial rectus muscle.
D)The lateral rectus muscle pulls the medial rectus muscle.

Question 14

Which of the symptoms below are indicative of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?

A)Acute facial paralysis and ear pain
B)Blisters in the external ear and mouth
C)Problems with balance,gaze stability,and vertigo
D)All of the above

Question 15

A lesion of the trochlear nerve prevents activation of the superior oblique muscle.What type of movement would this prevent?

A)Ipsilateral eye cannot look downward and inward
B)Ipsilateral eye cannot look upward and outward
C)Ipsilateral eye cannot look laterally
D)All of the above

Question 16

Which reflex involves the optic and oculomotor nerves?

A)Pupillary
B)Consensual
C)Accommodation
D)All of the above

Question 17

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A)Anterior,posterior,and lateral
B)Ophthalmic,maxillary,and mandibular
C)Primary,secondary,and tertiary
D)Motor,sensory,and axillary

Question 18

The glossopharyngeal nerve conveys sensory information from:

A)Pharynx,soft palate,and tongue
B)Pharynx and TMJ
C)Heart and lungs
D)Pharynx and epiglottis

Question 19

Which of the following are controlled by the oculomotor nerve?

A)Superior rectus muscle that moves the eye
B)Constriction of the pupil of the eye
C)Adjusting the shape of the lens of the eye
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 20

Why is the shape of the basilar membrane important in coding the frequency of sounds?

A)It is not important.The shape of the membrane has no impact on the coding of sound frequency.
B)The fibers at the free end are longer than the fibers at the attached end,which means the longer fibers vibrate at a lower frequency than the shorter fibers.
C)The fibers at the free end are shorter than the fibers at the attached end,which means the shorter fibers vibrate at a lower frequency than the shorter fibers.
D)The fibers at the free end are shorter than the fibers at the attached end,which means the longer fibers vibrate at a higher frequency than the shorter fibers.