Deck 7: Forensic Biometrics

Question 1

Who was the first researcher who attempted to identify someone using the iris?

A) Matthew Turk
B) Alex Pentland
C) John Daugman
D) J. H. Doggart

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Out of the various forms of behavioral biometrics,which of the following is the least accurate?

A) Voice recognition
B) Keyboard dynamics
C) Gait recognition
D) Handwriting

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following features would not serve as a variable for analysis in biometric facial recognition?

A) Cheekbones
B) Neck
C) Chin
D) Widow's peak

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which facial recognition technique uses thousands of stored images of faces and places them over the face in question?

A) PCA
B) LDA
C) CCTV
D) EBGM

Question 5

When Apple introduced the IPhone 5s in 2013,what breakthrough technology did this model contain?

A) Video recording
B) Extended battery life
C) Retinal scanning option
D) Touch ID

Question 6

Fingerprint accuracy increased how much of a percentage between the IAFIS system and the NGI system?

A) 5%
B) 7%
C) 10%
D) 25%

Question 7

What function of biometrics would law enforcement be implementing if they wanted to look for a person of interest accused of sexual assault in a large crowd at a sports stadium?

A) Biometric matching or verification
B) Biometric identification
C) Physiological biometrics
D) Behavioral biometrics

Question 8

What does the FBI's acronym NPPS stand for?

A) Nationwide Palm Print System
B) National Palm Print Survey
C) National Palm Print System
D) Nationwide Palm Print Survey

Question 9

What is the primary disadvantage with Principal Component Analysis?

A) A full frontal face image is needed to be a viable sample
B) The image must be taken at a distance of no further than three feet away.
C) It is not compatible with most facial recognition software
D) It is less precise and accurate than other analyses

Question 10

What is the most commonly used type of behavioral biometrics?

A) A person's gait or walk
B) Handwriting
C) Speech
D) Keyboard typing

Question 11

Modern techniques of facial recognition can be attributed largely to the work of which researcher(s):

A) Alphonse Bertillon
B) Matthew Turk
C) Alex Pentland
D) Both B and C

Question 12

What is one of the new features that has been implemented with the NGI?

A) Voice recognition
B) Gang affiliation
C) Sex offender registry status
D) New Tenprint system

Question 13

How long does it take IrisCode to generate a match?

A) 2-3 seconds
B) 20-30 seconds
C) 2-3 minutes
D) 4+ minutes

Question 14

Which process captures a person's biometric data and stores it in a database for later use?

A) Enrollment process
B) Initiation process
C) Extraction process
D) Collection process

Question 15

Which of the following is not considered a behavioral biometric?

A) Handwriting
B) Keystroke patterns
C) Gait Recognition
D) Facial scan

Question 16

When using biometrics,if the sensor does not find a positive match to a human within its database,what happens?

A) An alarm is generated
B) Law enforcement is notified
C) It locks the attempted user out
D) The system captures the new biometric data

Question 17

Which facial recognition technique uses a sequence of graphs to map the nonlinear relationships of features on the face?

A) CCTV
B) EBGM
C) LDA
D) PCA

Question 18

Which of the following facial recognition biometric techniques is not among the most widely accepted today?

A) PCA
B) CCT
C) LDA
D) EBGM

Question 19

Which facial recognition database would most likely contain the photos of criminals?

A) FACE
B) NPPS
C) IPS
D) MorphoTrust

Question 20

The first documented attempt to identify someone using the iris was performed in what decade?

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s

Question 21

A significant advantage of automated facial recognition,as compared to other different of biometrics,is that it requires subjects to participate.

Question 22

Popular equipment includes NIR (near infrared)cameras or SLR (single lens reflex)cameras to gather data from a human face.

Question 23

The NIR wavelength band is located within how many nanometers of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A) 100-300
B) 400-500
C) 700-900
D) 1000-1100

Question 24

The combination of a mobile device and a fingerprint scanner has become a reality for law enforcement agencies.

Question 25

Applicants that are being entered into an iris-based biometric system need how many photographs taken of their eye?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 26

Which scanners are largely outdated and considered to be too intrusive to be practical in real-world applications?

A) Iris
B) Retina
C) Pupil
D) Cornea

Question 27

One of the problems with facial recognition biometrics is that software has a difficult time analyzing and identifying faces from grainy and low-resolution photographs.

Question 28

Which of the following systems is highly beneficial for law enforcement safety in that it allows for officers to fingerprint individuals they come into contact with quickly to detect whether or not they pose a potential threat?

A) MorphoTrak
B) IPS
C) NPPS
D) RISC

Question 29

Which of the following would not be considered a physiological biometric?

A) Fingerprints
B) Hand
C) Iris
D) Voice

Question 30

Which of the following is one of the key advantages to EBGM?

A) A full facial image is required
B) Its extreme precision and accuracy
C) It works even with blurry or grainy images
D) Relatively inexpensive compared to other analyses

Question 31

Before Touch ID,data was not significantly more vulnerable to password attacks,especially when a phone had been stolen or breached.

Question 32

Linear discriminant analysis is considered a model-based facial recognition.

Question 33

The military has been using biometrics for an extended period of time to keep sensitive information secure and to prevent espionage and theft in regards to valuable military assets.

Question 34

NGI provides a positive or negative identification of the suspect.

Question 35

Which module is responsible for finding patterns in the traits extracted by the sensor using mathematical equations?

A) Feature extraction
B) Template generation
C) Data preprocessing
D) None of the above

Question 36

Which of the following technologies is replacing retina biometrics because it is an all-around better technology,which is functional for both law enforcement and business security.

A) Iris biometrics
B) Pupil biometrics
C) Sclera biometrics
D) Cornea biometrics

Question 37

Which of the following pathways would represent an accurate portrayal depicting the collections steps in gathering biometric data?

A) Biometric sensor Pre-processing Feature Extractor Template generator
B) Biometric sensor Feature extractor Matcher Decision
C) Stored templates Matcher Template generator Decision
D) Decision Template generator Pre-processing Stored templates

Question 38

The first process that each biometric system must perform is known as the enrollment process.

Question 39

There are three main functions of biometrics.

Question 40

The FBI has an internal unit called FACE.What does FACE stand for?

A) Facial Analysis, Comparison, and Extrapolation
B) First Analyze, Comparison, and Evaluation
C) Facial Analysis, Comparison, and Evaluation
D) First Analyze, Comparison, and Extrapolation

Question 41

An iris scan user can stand a good distance away from the camera and still procure a viable image

Question 42

Biometric systems use different algorithms and steps to accomplish what each is designed to do.

Question 43

The ________ is responsible for saving all of the raw data produced by feature extraction and putting it into a simple and easy to read format for the system.

Question 44

Like iris biometrics,facial recognition scans are intrusive and cannot gain data in a way that is comfortable and hygienic for its users.

Question 45

The ________ allows for officers to fingerprint individuals they come in contact with and quickly detect whether or not they are a threat.

Question 46

The ________ module serves the function of normalizing any corrupt or inaccurate data.

Question 47

Prisons and correctional institutions are not using iris-based systems yet to track inmates and efficiently record data that will be shared with members of other various law enforcement communities however this technology is predicted to be implemented in the very near future.

Question 48

Iris-based biometric systems have one of the easiest enrollment processes that are available today.

Question 49

One of the benefits of facial recognition biometrics is that instead of having to rely on citizens identifying and reporting suspects that they may or may not come in contact with,a camera and computer system can accomplish the entire process without human intervention.

Question 50

The iris is responsible for obtaining a clear picture of what a person is actually seeing.

Question 51

The extraction process is responsible for finding patterns in the traits extracted by the biometric sensor by using ________.

Question 52

For a retina scan,the feature extraction module may use equations that judge the distance between ________ fibers in the eye.

Question 53

One of the key advantages of retina scans is that the user can stand a good distance away from the camera and still produce a viable image.

Question 54

The ________ controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

Question 55

The Interstate Photo System (IPS)has a criminal database containing millions of side-facing mugshot photos of individuals with tenprints on file.

Question 56

The FBI implemented the ________ in 2013.

Question 57

There are ________ main functions of biometrics.

Question 58

The library of ________ can be superimposed over raw facial images when searching for a facial identification.

Question 59

Early researchers in facial recognition used ________ to automate facial recognition in an attempt to identify and authenticate individuals from a series of faces.

Question 60

Iris biometrics may be used after a battle on the deceased to identify if any of the dead are high-ranking insurgents or wanted for acts of terrorism.

Question 61

What is the difference between physiological biometrics and behavioral biometrics?
What are some examples of each type of forensic biometrics?

Question 62

The only disadvantage that PCA poses is that a full ________ face image is needed to be a viable sample.

Question 63

What is the difference between the enrollment process and the extraction process as it relates to biometric data?

Question 64

Briefly explain how an iris biometric system works.

Question 65

When using IrisCode,a single iris can be stored using only ________ bytes of data.

Question 66

NPPS contains a database of millions of ________ prints.

Question 67

The ________ process captures a person's biometric data and stores it in a database for later use.

Question 68

The human iris will go physically ________ for the life of the user.

Question 69

A computer system that captures and analyzes complex data extracted from an image of an iris and compares it to results in a database is known as ________.

Question 70

The iris begins to form at the ________ stage of pregnancy.

Question 71

The FBI has contracted the help of ________ to implement and maintain all facial recognition biometric systems.

Question 72

The ________ system compares a suspect encountered by law enforcement against a repository of sex offenders,wanted persons,suspected terrorists,and other high-risk individuals.

Question 73

A 2D Gabor wavelet filters the iris into multiple partitions known as ________.

Question 74

Explain why the FBI's Repository of Individuals of Special Concerns (RISC)is particularly beneficial for law enforcement.

Question 75

The FBI's internal unit ________ contains civil photos from state and federal government databases,such as visa applicant photos and selected states' driver's license photos.

Question 76

A facial recognition system can be easily tricked by a ________ picture.

Question 77

The ________ has a criminal database containing millions of front-facing mugshot photos of individuals with tenprints on file.

Question 78

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2.Each answer can only be used once.

A)An internal unit of the FBI that provides face recognition capabilities among other features to support active FBI investigations.
B)A form of biometrics that focuses on identifying humans through their unique physiological traits such as fingerprints, hands, iris, retina, and facial scans.
C)A biometric system that can distinguish between subjects by analyzing a biometric trait of one person and compares it against an existing database of enrolled traits.
D)A technique that creates matrices of human faces and uses complex mathematical equations to generate templates for individual features that are digitally stored.
E)Biometric systems popular with law enforcement that are capable of identifying someone out of a crowd by scanning select biometric characteristics into a database.
F)The process of capturing a person's biometric data and storing them in a database for later use.
G)A technique used in the reconstruction and analysis of a human face through which thousands of stored images of faces are used and placed over the face in question.
H)A model-based facial recognition program that uses a sequence of graphs to map the nonlinear relationships of features on the face.
I)An appearance-based technique in which an individual's face is placed on a vector and lines from one feature to another are analyzed.
J)This module is responsible for finding patterns in the traits extracted by the biometric sensor using mathematical equations.
K)A database maintained by the FBI that allows for officers to fingerprint individuals they come in contact with and quickly detect whether or not they pose a threat.
L)Responsible for saving all of the raw data produced by feature extraction and putting it into a simple and easy to read format for the system.
M)A database maintained by the FBI that contains millions of palm prints to be used in criminal investigations and processes.
N)A form of biometrics that focuses on identifying humans through unique behavioral or mental patterns they exhibit such as handwriting, keystrokes, or gait recognition.
O)A criminal database containing millions of front-facing mugshot photos of individuals with tenprints on file.
P)A process to analyze and store information on a human iris that uses the extracted data from a human iris and processes it through a quantization stage that produces a binary iris code for later comparison.
1)Physiological Biometrics
2)Extraction Process
3)Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
4)Eigenfaces
5)Biometric Identification
6)Elastic Bunch Graph Matching (EBGM)
7)Facial Analysis,Comparison,and Evaluation (FACE)
8)National Palm Print System (NPPS)
9)Interstate Photo System (IPS)
10)Repository of Special Concern (RISC)
11)Behavioral Biometrics
12)IrisCodes
13)Template Generation
14)Biometric Matching or Verification
15)Enrollment Process
16)Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)

Question 79

To be enrolled in IPS,all face photos must include a ________ submission of the individual.

Question 80

One of the main problems with retina biometrics is that viable images can be affected by ________.