Deck 30: Integrative Health Practices: Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Question 1

Progressive relaxation techniques,biofeedback,meditation,and cognitive-behavioral approaches have a well-documented theoretical basis with supporting scientific evidence.What is the theoretical clinical justification for this relationship categorized as mind-body medicine?

A) Targeted therapies can balance the equality of the mind with the body.
B) The mind can affect the body.
C) The body can positively and negatively affect the mind.
D) Many mind-body theories have been supported by high-level research.

Answer 1

B
Mind-body intervention is a growing scientific movement that has explored the mind's ability to affect the body.Some mind-body interventions (e.g.,behavioral-cognitive therapy),formerly categorized as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)therapies,have been assimilated into conventional mainstream medicine.Other mind-body interventions still considered CAM include hypnosis,music,dance,art therapy,prayer,and mental healing.

Question 2

The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)has categorized the many integrative health practice modalities into five major domains.Biofield therapies are therapies that focus on fields believed to originate within the body.To which domain category does biofield therapy belong?

A) Mind-body interventions
B) Energy therapies
C) Manipulative and body-based methods
D) Biologically based therapies

Answer 2

B
Energy therapies have been categorized into two groups: biofield therapies (those that focus on fields believed to originate within the body)and electromagnetic fields (those that originate from other sources).The existence of energy fields that originate within and around the body have not yet been definitively proven.However,many studies have examined the experiences of recipient or practitioner and the outcomes of this type of energy therapy.Examples of therapies with a biofield basis include acupuncture,reiki,qi gong,TT,and healing touch.Therapies that involve electromagnetic fields use unconventional pulsed fields,magnetic fields,alternating current fields,or direct current fields.These therapies have been clinically applied with patients who have arthritis,cancer,and pain.

Question 3

Therapeutic touch (TT)is a contemporary interpretation of several ancient healing modalities now used in perioperative practice.Why does the title therapeutic touch sound like a misnomer?

A) There is no scientific evidence to support this modality as therapeutic.
B) The practitioner does not have to touch, or make skin contact with, the patient.
C) TT does not fit with the fast-paced surgical environment.
D) The practitioner absorbs the negative energy of the patient, which is not therapeutic for the practitioner.

Answer 3

B
Therapeutic touch was developed in 1972 by Dolores Krieger and Dora Kunz.The manipulation is primarily 2 to 4 inches off the body.The centered practitioner assesses,directs,and modulates biofield energy to achieve the relaxation response for healing of the whole person.With TT,the practitioner manipulates the energy field by directing or modulating using the sense of touch much like the other four major senses of the body.All these senses can act from a distance without direct connection.The human energy field extends a few inches away from the body surface,and the practitioner senses fine energetic cues such as changes in pattern.

Question 4

A dietary supplement,as defined by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA),is a product that contains several ingredients that are intended to supplement the individual's diet.Which ingredient is considered an appropriate additive to classify a product as a dietary supplement?

A) Water
B) Amino acid
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved coloring
D) Nonorganic fiber

Question 5

Anesthesia providers are concerned about the potential increased risk of instability intraoperatively resulting from inhibition of coagulation.Which herbal supplement,from the list below,would be implicated in a coagulation interaction?

A) Feverfew
B) Lavender
C) Rosemary
D) Licorice

Question 6

What ancient Egyptian treatment promotes balance and wellness through nerve stimulation by pressure applications?

A) Tai chi
B) Reflexology
C) Trephining
D) Ayurveda

Question 7

Many alternative medical therapies are culturally,ethnically,spiritually,or religiously derived and have a wide range of applications from health promotion to the treatment of illness.Key foundations of several therapies are a focus on universal connectedness (e.g.,that all living and nonliving things are joined together; health will be good if one's mind and body are in harmony and balance; disease arises when a person is out of harmony with the universe).Which of the therapies listed below prescribe to this belief system?

A) Asian medicine
B) Ayurvedic medicine
C) Homeopathic medicine
D) Chiropractic medicine
E) Allopathic medicine

Question 8

Select the alternative or complementary therapy that would be appropriate to integrate into the plan of care in the perioperative setting.

A) Chiropractic manipulation under anesthesia
B) Homeopathic medications integrated into the anesthesia plan
C) Guided imagery before and during anesthesia induction and during recovery
D) Ayurveda cleansing practices integrated into the skin preparation

Question 9

A certified clinical aromatherapy practitioner (CCAP)asks the pediatric patient for a favorite flavor from a short list of banana,strawberry,bubble gum,mint,or tutti-fruiti,and then proceeds to place a drop of the chosen flavor into the inhalation mask before anesthesia induction.The child inhales the favorite flavor while drifting off to sleep.This complementary therapy falls within the category of:

A) clinical aromatherapy.
B) herbal sedation.
C) aroma anxiolysis.
D) postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prevention.

Question 10

Which therapeutic and healing therapy can the patient use throughout the perioperative experience (e.g.,preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative phases)?

A) Biofield therapy with transcutaneous electrodes
B) Music therapy with headphones
C) Aromatherapy with saturated cotton balls in a net bag
D) Warmed herbal packs placed on the neck and chest

Question 11

Anesthesiologists recommend that patients stop taking any herbal supplements before surgery to prevent adverse herb-drug interactions.How long before surgery should the patient stop taking herbal supplements?

A) 5 days
B) 10 days
C) 2 weeks
D) 3 weeks

Question 12

Select the herbal supplement that may cause potential adverse cardiac effects such as palpitations and hypertension.

A) Lavender
B) Garlic
C) Ephedra
D) Ginger

Question 13

In many cultures,a naturalistic or holistic approach often assumes that there are external factors (some good,some bad)that must be kept in balance if we are to remain well.Select the balance system that is common across several cultural belief systems.

A) "open" and "closed"
B) "hot" and "cold"
C) "dawn" and dusk"
D) "fire" and "water"

Question 14

Select the true statement that best differentiates biofields from electromagnetic fields.

A) Electromagnetic fields are generated from sources of earth energy, while biofields originate from animal or plant life.
B) The body produces biofields from body hormone secretions, while electromagnetic fields are produced from body electrolytes.
C) Biofields originate from within the body, while electromagnetic fields are from outside of the body.
D) Electromagnetic fields are produced within the body by nerve/muscle interactions (e.g., sinoatrial [SA] and atrioventricular [AV] node), while biofields are micronerve plexuses that distribute sensory perceptions.

Question 15

Which therapy is guided by the principle that dysfunction of one part of the body often affects secondarily the function of other discrete,possibly indirectly connected body parts?

A) Ayurvedic medicine
B) Mind-body medicine
C) Reiki therapy
D) Manual healing methods

Question 16

Because of DSHEA,the FDA can restrict a marketed supplement only if its use has shown the product is unsafe.Because herbal products are so readily available and have such widespread media attention,many people think that they can safely self-medicate.Why should the public be aware and educated about dietary supplements and potential harmful effects?

A) There are no regulations establishing criteria for purity or manufacturing procedures.
B) Impurities and unknown substances may be present in these products.
C) The potential exists for variability in the potency of different batches of the same botanical product.
D) There are no regulations establishing criteria for identification of ingredients.

Question 17

Patients may be reluctant to communicate information about their use of herbal products,botanicals,or dietary supplements,because they may be unsure of the reaction of healthcare professionals to their use of alternative substances.Many herbal products have actions that could be dangerous during surgery.Select all the true statements about herbal supplements and perioperative drugs.

A) Some herbal supplements may accentuate the toxicity of anesthetics.
B) Some herbal supplements may interfere with drug metabolism or clearance.
C) Some herbal supplements may have significant sedative actions.
D) Some herbal supplements may cause central nervous system (CNS) depression.
E) Some herbal supplements inhibit the binding of naloxone.

Question 18

Herbal,orthomolecular,individual biologic therapies and special dietary treatments are encompassed in biologically based therapies.Which of the biologically based therapies listed below are classified as therapeutic nutrition?

A) Veganism, vegetarianism, raw food diets
B) Cartilage products from cattle, sheep, or sharks
C) Bee pollen
D) Orthomolecular megavitamins

Question 19

Palpation during the nursing assessment is considered a "laying on of hands," and may be interpreted as therapeutic by the patient.Select the statement that best reflects the nurse-patient relationship during nursing assessment.

A) This can be interpreted as a physical invasion of the patient's body.
B) The nurse's hands should be warm and the touch gentle to promote calmness and trust.
C) Warm, gentle palpation symbolizes respect for the patient and for the privilege the patient gives the nurse.
D) Palpation is best performed without emotional communication or evidence of caring behaviors.

Question 20

Naturopathic medicine emphasizes health restoration as well as disease treatment based on the belief that disease is a manifestation of alterations in the body's natural healing processes.Which modality is considered within the scope of naturopathic medicine?

A) Herbal saunas
B) Buddhism
C) Therapeutic fasting
D) Homeopathy

Question 21

The therapeutic and healing properties of music have been recognized throughout history.Which statements reflect the impact of music therapy in the perioperative period?

A) Music with lyrics is more effective in reducing anxiety.
B) Music lowers sensory thresholds.
C) Music delivered through a headset can serve as a distraction from the noise of the PACU.
D) Music has been shown to decrease metabolism.
E) Music therapy is cost-effective.