Deck 4: Problem Solving: Proactive Policing

Question 1

Problem solving is based on the belief that patterns and trends can be discovered that reflect the causes of the problem.The five principles of analysis include all of the following except:

A)individual problems require individual analysis.
B)analysis does not need to be complex.
C)analysis is based on common sense.
D)there is one way to do the analysis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the text, neighborhood theories and street theories are examples of:

A)hot-spot theories.
B)theories of differential association
C)routine activities theory.
D)classical school theories.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following would not be used in an impact evaluation?

A)reduced instances of repeat victimization
B)decreases in related crimes or incidents
C)reduced citizen fear
D)the conclusion that the response was implemented as planned

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Problem-solving policing requires police to:

A)group incidents.
B)identify underlying causes
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b of problems.

Question 5

The first step in problem-oriented policing is:

A)studying all possible responses to incidents.
B)efficient handling of calls.
C)staffing all squad cars with two officers.
D)grouping incidents as problems.

Question 6

Crime-specific planning involves all of the following except:

A)the offense.
B)the target.
C)the community.
D)the response.

Question 7

Eck suggests several nontraditional measures that indicate if a problem has been affected by the intervention and include all of the following except:

A)reduced instances of repeat victimization.
B)reduced citizen fear related to the problem.
C)decreased citizen satisfaction.
D)increased profits for legitimate businesses in the target area.

Question 8

Recent research on residential burglary in England has shown:

A)that victims were more likely than nonvictims to be victimized again.
B)that victims were not more likely than nonvictims to be victimized again.
C)that prior victimization had no impact on predicting future revictimization.
D)that interventions targeted at repeat victims resulted in displacement.

Question 9

A departmental-wide strategy aimed at solving persistent community problems is called:

A)community-wide policing.
B)reactive policing.
C)the SARA model.
D)problem-oriented policing.

Question 10

The least-effort principle proposes that:

A)criminals tend to commit crimes near but not too close to their residence.
B)criminals tend to target victims who offer the least resistance.
C)criminals tend to target areas near major roads that offer escape routes.
D)criminals tend to be lazy.

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the four stages of the SARA problem-solving model?

A)scanning
B)analysis
C)reporting
D)assessment

Question 12

According to the text, crime-specific planning is a more precise strategy than:

A)reactive policing.
B)POP
C)community policing.
D)categorized response.

Question 13

Crime mapping focuses on:

A)the criminal.
B)the location of crimes.
C)the victim.
D)the police response

Question 14

Which of the following is not a basic element in a problem-solving approach?

A)grouping incidents as problems
B)adopting a reactive stance
C)seeking the ultimate goal of effectiveness
D)focusing on substantive problems as the heart of policing

Question 15

The first step in analysis, determining what information is needed, should:

A)be guided by past perspectives.
B)ask whether or not answers can be obtained.
C)ask questions that lead to tangible results.
D)be skipped if the nature of the problem seems obvious.

Question 16

In the DOC model, the "C" stands for:

A)community.
B)consequences.
C)crime.
D)conflict.

Question 17

According to the text, some practitioners view community policing and problem-oriented policing as two:

A)short-term solutions.
B)long-term solutions.
C)opposing approaches.
D)definite approaches to policing.

Question 18

A problem-solving approach to policing was developed partially in response to concerns for:

A)efficiency and effectiveness.
B)effectiveness and synergy.
C)efficiency and completeness.
D)control and function.

Question 19

According to the text, community policing focuses on:

A)efficiency.
B)doing things right.
C)effectiveness.
D)both a and b

Question 20

The mission of the Problem-Oriented Policing Center is to advance the concept and -practice of:

A)the SARA model.
B)community-oriented policing.
C)problem-oriented policing.
D)traditional policing.

Question 21

Technology has become an indispensable tool for law enforcement.

Question 22

The problem analysis triangle includes all of the following except:

A)likely offenders.
B)likely victims.
C)suitable targets.
D)time and space.

Question 23

Efficiency is doing the right things to produce a desired result.

Question 24

The primary work unit in the professional model of policing is the:

A)citizen concern.
B)criminal issue.
C)organizational value.
D)incident.

Question 25

Problem-oriented policing places a high value on new processes that:

A)are not dependent on the criminal justice system.
B)are dependent on the criminal justice system.
C)focus directly on the community.
D)enable law enforcement to assist communities with their specific problems.

Question 26

In crime-specific planning, the response is the responsibility of the:

A)criminal justice system..
B)community.
C)victim
D)all of the above

Question 27

Using the SARA model, the final step in problem solving is:

A)assessment.
B)analysis.
C)arbitration.
D)assistance.

Question 28

The emphasis in community policing is efficiency.

Question 29

The text suggests the police department must increase police officers' freedom to make or participate in important decisions.

Question 30

Community-oriented policing means changing the daily work of the police to include -investigating problems as well as incidents.It means:

A)targeting past problems.
B)focusing on future problems.
C)working with the bad guys and not just the good guys.
D)working with the good guys and not just against the bad guys.

Question 31

A community includes all of the following except:

A)individuals.
B)businesses.
C)government.
D)All of the above are examples of a community.

Question 32

CompStat is viewed by all law enforcement agencies as effective and ethical.

Question 33

As defined in the text, qualitative data examines the amount of change as the result of the response.

Question 34

Process evaluation determines if the response was implemented as planned.

Question 35

The text states that during problem solving and decision making, it is important to deal with symptoms rather than causes.

Question 36

The first step in problem-oriented policing is to move beyond just handling incidents.It calls for recognizing that incidents are often merely overt symptoms of problems.

Question 37

Crime-specific planning uses the principles of problem solving to focus on identified crime problems.

Question 38

Events, as defined by the text, must be discrete, describable incidents.

Question 39

According to the text, the definition of a problem draws attention to six required elements of a problem.The acronym is:

A)PEEPER.
B)CHEERS.
C)SARA.
D)HUDDLE

Question 40

According to the text, minimizing waste, expense, or unnecessary effort is effectiveness.

Question 41

______________ calculates probabilities of a suspect's residence based on the locations of past crimes.

Question 42

Quantitative data examines the amount of change as a result of the response.

Question 43

______________ is the theory that successful implementation of a crime-reduction initiative does not really prevent crime.

Question 44

When using alternative dispute resolution techniques, the mediator guides the parties -involved to resolve the dispute as he or she would want it solved.

Question 45

In the DOC model, DOC stands for ______________, _____________ and _____________.

Question 46

Crime mapping changes the focus from the criminal to the location of the crimes.

Question 47

According to the text, if a police officer is the mediator in a dispute, mediation may only result in a short-term solution.

Question 48

In some cases, problem solving and crime-specific planning are not better options and -problems should always be solved with mediation.

Question 49

_____________________________ is approaching criminal justice problems by considering the underlying problems that are categorized by the type of offense.

Question 50

When discussing the SARA model, ______________ is acting to alleviate the problem.

Question 51

The primary work unit in the professional model is the ______________-an isolated event that requires police response.

Question 52

Qualitative data examines excellence of the response.

Question 53

The originator of the problem-oriented policing concept is _____________.

Question 54

Crime mapping changes the focus from the criminal to the location of crimes-the ______________ where most crimes occur.

Question 55

In the DOC model, the "D" stands for discretion.

Question 56

The magnet phenomenon occurs when a phone number or address is associated with a crime simply because it was a convenient number or address to use.

Question 57

______________ is the concept proposing that criminals tend to commit acts of crimes within a comfort zone located near but not too close to their residence.

Question 58

Using the SARA model, the step that involves learning the problem's causes, scope, and -effects is _______________.

Question 59

In addressing public safety issues such as traffic crashes, hot spot mapping is often used.

Question 60

The most prevalent law enforcement response to identified problems is generally increased use of conventional strategies such as enforcement and patrol.

Question 61

Discuss the key elements of problem-oriented policing.

Question 62

Discuss and give examples of how technology has become an indispensable tool for law enforcement.

Question 63

Mediation, sometimes called alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is shared problem solving by parties in a dispute guided by a neutral person.Describe how police use this in problem solving.

Question 64

Describe the four factors of crime-specific planning.

Question 65

Several theories exist about the concentration of crime and disorder and are used to -explain different types of crime phenomena that occur at different geographic levels.List and -describe the various crime hot spot theories.

Question 66

According to the text, ______________ is sometimes called alternative dispute resolution (ADR).