Deck 4: Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

Community service is all but one of the following:

A)punitive
B)difficult to implement
C)difficult to manage
D)staff intensive

Answer 1

A

Question 2

One problem with fines is the:

A)difficulty in collecting
B)record-keeping in collections
C)ease with which offenders can pay
D)extremely small amount of fine

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The RICO Act initiated the use of __________ as a sanction.

A)Deportation
B)Forfeiture
C)community service
D)half-way house

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When the offender most often pays into a victims' fund for damages caused by the crime, it is known as:

A)day fines
B)restitution
C)retribution
D)reintegration

Question 5

A court order requiring an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or a government agency is a:

A)community service order
B)standard probation requirement
C)volunteer assignment
D)work release order

Question 6

Fines are more frequently used in cases involving:

A)misdemeanors and lesser offenses
B)lower level felonies like grand theft or automobile theft
C)drug offenses
D)violent offenses

Question 7

Which of the following is not a characteristic of house arrest?

A)It can range from evening curfew to detention during all nonworking hours.
B)It can last from several days to several years.
C)All offenders on house arrest are being monitored electronically.
D)There are more than 10,000 people on house arrest nationwide.

Question 8

Intermediate sanctions are beneficial in that they:

A)are a cost- saving alternative
B)serve the needs of certain offenders
C)help reduce prison overcrowding
D)All of these

Question 9

Most citizens are concerned about the high rate of probationers'__________.

A)prior crimes
B)recidivism
C)drug use
D)apathy

Question 10

Civil forfeitures are:

A)mala in se
B)modus operandi
C)habeas corpus
D)in rem

Question 11

Wide public support for "just desert" sentencing caused interest in community sanctions geared toward:

A)the seriousness of the crime
B)repeat offenders
C)violent offenders
D)sex offenders

Question 12

Civil forfeiture is an act solely against:

A)the property used illegally
B)the offender
C)anyone living on the property
D)back taxes owed on the property

Question 13

Criminal forfeiture can occur only after:

A)taxes are paid
B)an arrest is made
C)charges are filed
D)conviction

Question 14

Since 2001, criminal forfeiture has been used to:

A)increase government budgets
B)discourage drug traffickers
C)disrupt terrorist activity
D)all of these choices

Question 15

The Bureau of Prisons uses the house arrest sanction for inmates:

A)before confinement
B)before release
C)who exhibit good behavior
D)who request conjugal privileges

Question 16

How much money is collected each year in the United States from fines paid by criminal offenders?

A)over $1 million
B)over $10 million
C)over $100 million
D)over $1 billion

Question 17

Which of the following is the most intrusive sanction according to the continuum of intermediate sanctions?

A)house arrest
B)restitution
C)drug courts
D)boot camps

Question 18

Restitution allows:

A)offenders to avoid prison
B)victims to regain property and income
C)the community to benefit without paying for incarceration
D)all of these choices

Question 19

The lowest end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions is/are:

A)probation
B)house arrest
C)the day reporting center
D)fines

Question 20

The sanction requiring a portion of the defendant's income to be paid is the:

A)budget fine
B)monthly fine
C)day fine
D)annual fine

Question 21

When boot camps are used in adult corrections, they are usually used for:

A)first-time offenders in their late teens or early twenties
B)first-tome offenders who have a drug problem
C)habitual offenders who have a violent criminal history
D)habitual offenders who have a drug problem

Question 22

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and 3 of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victim's homes. All of Thomas' acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop.
Thomas' parents also attend the sentencing hearing and they request that Thomas be required to volunteer in the community to help clean up the city parks. This type of sanction would be considered:

A)Fines
B)Community Service
C)Retribution
D)Restitution

Question 23

Who is eligible for drug court?

A)offenders charged with drug trafficking
B)offenders charged with drug manufacturing
C)nonviolent offenders with substance abuse problems
D)violent offenders with substance abuse problems

Question 24

Involving the offender, victim and victimized communities in levying justice is known as:

A)rehabilitative justice
B)reintegrative justice
C)restorative justice
D)unbiased justice

Question 25

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and 3 of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victim's homes. All of Thomas' acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop.
This is Thomas' first arrest and conviction. The judge is concerned with placing Thomas in a dangerous prison with older, more experienced offenders. The prosecutor argues that too many people are placed on routine probation. What is the possible solution to this debate?

A)Aggravated Sanctions
B)Intermediate Sanctions
C)Just Sanctions
D)Strategic Sanctions

Question 26

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and 3 of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victim's homes. All of Thomas' acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop.
Who will ultimately be responsible for selecting from a range of sentencing options, choosing the punishment that best fits the circumstances of the crime and the offender?

A)Defense attorney
B)Judge
C)Probation officer
D)Victim

Question 27

There is ongoing judicial interaction with each participant in:

A)traffic courts
B)drug courts
C)civil courts
D)divorce courts

Question 28

Where was the first drug court implemented?

A)Miami, Florida
B)New York, New York
C)San Francisco, California
D)Washington, DC.

Question 29

How many restorative justice centers are operating throughout North America and Europe?

A)more than 100
B)more than 1000
C)more than 5000
D)more than 10000

Question 30

A somewhat intensive form of short-term community supervision that also requires attendance is the:

A)day reporting center
B)counseling services center
C)employment services center
D)health services center

Question 31

Short term incarceration followed by a period of probation is called:

A)intensive probation
B)new penology
C)split sentencing
D)new wave probation

Question 32

Which statement indicates the relationship between day reporting centers and recidivism?

A)There is little evidence to support that day reporting centers contribute to lower rates of recidivism.
B)Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers, recidivism rates decline drastically.
C)Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers, recidivism rates decline slightly.
D)Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs that the day reporting centers, recidivism rates increase slightly.

Question 33

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and 3 of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victim's homes. All of Thomas' acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop.
The judge makes the decision to sentence Thomas to remain confined to his residence for six months. He is allowed to leave his home to go to work. He must be home between the hours of 6pm and 7am. What is the name of this sentence?

A)Boot camp
B)Financial restitution
C)House arrest
D)Drug court

Question 34

Home confinement:

A)can lower recidivism rates
B)can be cost effective
C)is labor intensive for officers
D)all of these choices

Question 35

EM (Electronic Monitoring) signals are transmitted via:

A)active and passive phone line systems
B)law enforcement dispatch services
C)television networks
D)two-way radios

Question 36

Electronic monitoring includes:

A)programmed contact services
B)GPS (Global Positioning System)
C)field monitoring devices
D)all of these choices

Question 37

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and 3 of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victim's homes. All of Thomas' acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop.
During the sentencing phase of Thomas' trial, the victims say in open court that they do not want to see a young man sent to prison for many years. They would like to see him placed on probation but also compensate them for their losses which they believe will teach Thomas some financial responsibility. What are the victims asking for?

A)Fines
B)Community Service
C)Retribution
D)Restitution

Question 38

One of the most controversial intermediate sanctions for teens, as well as adults, is:

A)the halfway house
B)boot camp
C)house arrest
D)community service

Question 39

The future of intermediate sanctions rests on:

A)certainty and celerity
B)proportionality
C)progressiveness
D)all of the above

Question 40

To ensure that an offender is complying with his or her home confinement orders many jurisdictions use:

A)neighborhood watch programs
B)cell phones
C)electronic monitoring
D)internet

Question 41

In rem proceedings are used to return property illegally seized by the government.

Question 42

A community service order requires an offender to perform work hours at a nonprofit or government agency.

Question 43

Restorative justice focuses on the welfare of the offender in the aftermath of the crime.

Question 44

Drug courts are not as effective as prisons are for reducing the recidivism rates of offenders..

Question 45

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county.
Judge Ortiz discusses the boot camp program with Captain Smith. Judge Ortiz expressed that he is opposed to boot camps because the recidivism studies reveal similar rates for boot camp graduates and those offenders who spend time in prison. What is another criticism of boot camp programs?

A)The boot camp experience is dehumanizing.
B)There is meaningless physical labor.
C)Insistence on unquestioning obedience to authority does not foster prosocial behavior.
D)all of these

Question 46

One of the trends during the 1980s was the increase in secure confinement of drug offenders.

Question 47

Fines are at one end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions.

Question 48

Intermediate sanctions are typically administered by jails.

Question 49

Financial restitution is payment of a sum of money by the offender to the court.

Question 50

Law enforcement agencies can use forfeited assets to supplement their budgets.

Question 51

In the federal courts, the home confinement program is only used with pretrial defendants.

Question 52

Boot camps began in adult corrections but are more recently used in juvenile corrections.

Question 53

Criminal forfeiture occurs after a suspect is arrested by police officers but before they are convicted in a criminal court.

Question 54

Intermediate sanctions, if successfully completed, cost less than jails and prisons.

Question 55

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county.
Which type of offender is most likely accepted into Judge Ellis' drug court program?

A)drug dealers
B)drug manufacturers
C)nonviolent offenders who have substance abuse problems
D)violent offenders who have substance abuse problems

Question 56

Split sentencing is a standard feature in many states with intensive supervision programs.

Question 57

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county.
Judge Ellis is convinced that offenders who have a drug addiction, they need more services provided. He explains the various sanctions and services utilized at his drug court. Which of the following are likely to be a part of Judge Ellis' drug court?

A)mandatory periodic testing for the use of controlled substances
B)substance abuse treatment
C)aftercare services such as relapse prevention
D)all of these

Question 58

Some intermediate sanctions are used in conjunction with one another.

Question 59

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county.
Officer Moll reports that for the non-violent offenders his office utilizes random phone calls generated by computers where the offenders must respond within 30 seconds. This way the officer can verify that their probationer is home. What type of electronic monitoring is this?

A)Active phone line systems
B)Passive phone line systems
C)Remote location monitoring
D)Global positioning systems

Question 60

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county.
Judge Ortiz thinks that the random phone call to the offender where the offender must respond is not effective in that many offenders can find ways around this. He feels it is more effective to monitor offenders through a microprocessor and an ankle transmitter device. With this the offender must remain in within 100 feet of the portable receiver. The transmitter will then make continuous calls to a reporting station that updates the offender's location. What is this type of electronic monitoring?

A)Active phone line systems
B)Passive phone line systems
C)Remote location monitoring
D) Global positioning systems

Question 61

______________________ is the type of electronic monitoring where an offender is monitored periodically or continuously throughout the day and night by means of a pager number that only the probation officer knows.

Question 62

Discuss the concept, advantages and disadvantages of house arrest.

Question 63

Intermediate sanctions emerged in the 1980s as a result of three trends. Identify and explain these.

Question 64

Benefits of graduated sanctions include certainty, celerity, proportionality and ____________________.

Question 65

Discuss forfeiture as defined by the RICO Act and the CCE Act.

Question 66

One reason for the emergence of ________________________in the 1980s was the belief that prisons were being overused for offenders who really did not need secure confinement.

Question 67

An ____________________ proceeding is not an action against a violator but against the property involved.

Question 68

Discuss the four basic types of systems that are used to electronically monitor offenders.

Question 69

A ___________________ can vary from probation centers, restitution centers, county work-release centers, and therapeutic communities.

Question 70

The purposes of ______________________________ are to compensate victims for their losses and to teach the offenders financial responsibility.

Question 71

A benefit of graduated sanctions is _______________ because the response to violations is swift.

Question 72

The focus of ____________________ is to bring together criminal, victim, and the victimized community.

Question 73

______________________ is a court-imposed sentence ordering that an offender remain confined to his or her own residence for a specified amount of time.

Question 74

______________________ is actually the most popular model of restorative justice.

Question 75

_____________________ is/are designed for nonviolent offenders with a substance abuse problem who requires integrated sanctions and services.

Question 76

Intermediate sanctions are said to allow _______________ to match the severity of punishment with the severity of the crime.

Question 77

____________________________ occurs when the government seizes property that was derived from or used in criminal action.

Question 78

_______________ is/are designed to give offenders a sense of responsibility and accomplishments while improving self-discipline.

Question 79

Identify the sanctions included in the continuum or ladder of intermediate sanctions.

Question 80

____________________have receivers that are used not only in vehicles but also to track an offender.