Deck 1: Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

Growth and differentiation often include

A)specialization of individual cells.
B)increase in cell size.
C)increase in cell numbers.
D)changes in form and function.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The inability of the heart to contract due to compression of surrounding fluid on the outside of the heart most directly involves which level of organization of body structures

A)chemical
B)tissue
C)organ
D)cellular
E)organism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The anatomical specialty that refers to the study of general form and superficial anatomical markings is called

A)surface anatomy.
B)comparative anatomy.
C)medical anatomy.
D)surgical anatomy.
E)systemic anatomy.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which type of anatomy refers to the study of all of the structures in a specific area of the body

A)surface anatomy
B)regional anatomy
C)systemic anatomy
D)gross anatomy
E)organismal anatomy

Question 5

Analysis of groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together is called

A)cytology.
B)physiology.
C)histology.
D)embryology.
E)osteology.

Question 6

The vital property of living things that causes them to take certain actions in response to change is called

A)movement.
B)growth.
C)responsiveness.
D)metabolism.
E)excretion.

Question 7

The largest level of organization listed is

A)molecules.
B)organelles.
C)cells.
D)tissues.
E)organs.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about anatomical information is correct

A)Anatomic information is all historical.
B)It describes body parts and considers probable function.
C)It addresses large body structures visible to the naked eye only.
D)Physiology and anatomy are unrelated.
E)The study of cells is useless to anatomy.

Question 9

Which of the following are basic functions performed by all living organisms

A)responsiveness and growth
B)movement, reproduction, and absorption
C)metabolism and excretion
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

It is important to study the discipline of anatomy because

A)it is important to understand the link between human structure and function.
B)it provides information about both external and internal structures.
C)it will assist individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health.
D)it provides a basis for understanding more advanced courses in anatomy, physiology, and related disciplines.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Which is the most accurate statement

A)Historically, the relationship between superficial anatomy and internal function has always been understood.
B)Many cellular functions were known decades before the electron microscope revealed the anatomical basis for those functions.
C)Anatomy has always been known to reveal the relationship between body parts.
D)Ancient anatomists only described surface anatomy.
E)Ancient anatomists never understood the function of anatomical features.

Question 12

The branch of science that studies groups of cells and how they work together is called

A)physiology.
B)histology.
C)anatomy.
D)serology.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

The study of the heart, blood, and blood vessels is which of the following approaches

A)systemic anatomy
B)regional anatomy
C)developmental anatomy
D)comparative anatomy
E)gross anatomy

Question 14

The basic functions performed by all living organisms include(s)

A)reproduction.
B)metabolism.
C)growth.
D)movement.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

The study of structures through specialized imaging techniques such as ultrasounds or x-rays is called

A)cytology.
B)embryology.
C)physiology.
D)histology.
E)radiography.

Question 16

Support, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell formation are functions of the

A)skeletal system.
B)cardiovascular system.
C)immune system.
D)reproductive system.
E)excretory system.

Question 17

Excretion involves

A)changes to adjust to an organism's environment.
B)creation of a new generation of individuals.
C)transport of substances within an organism.
D)elimination of waste materials from the body.
E)locomotion of the body.

Question 18

Choose the arrangement of items 1-5 from most to least complex. (1)organism
(2)tissue
(3)chemical or molecular
(4)cellular
(5)organ system

A)1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B)5, 4, 3, 2, 1
C)1, 5, 2, 4, 3
D)5, 3, 2, 4, 1
E)2, 4, 1, 5, 3

Question 19

Gross anatomical specialties include

A)radiographic and surgical anatomy.
B)cytology and embryology.
C)histology.
D)radiographic anatomy, surgical anatomy, cytology and embryology.
E)cytology, histology and embryology.

Question 20

Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems is the function of the

A)integumentary system.
B)endocrine system.
C)urinary system.
D)nervous system.
E)reproductive system.

Question 21

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by

A)the inferior border of the rib cage.
B)a sheet of connective tissue.
C)the diaphragm.
D)the liver.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following includes only structures enclosed within the mediastinum

A)lungs, esophagus, heart
B)heart, trachea, lungs
C)esophagus, trachea, thymus
D)pharynx, thymus, major vessels
E)brain, spinal cord

Question 23

Which of the following organs occupies the pericardial cavity

A)trachea
B)heart
C)lungs
D)esophagus
E)thyroid gland

Question 24

The major function of the ________ system is protection of the body from the external environment.

A)digestive
B)cardiovascular
C)urinary
D)respiratory
E)integumentary

Question 25

The primary site of blood cell production is within the

A)cardiovascular system.
B)skeletal system.
C)integumentary system.
D)lymphoid system.
E)endocrine system.

Question 26

Organs systems are

A)anatomical units with related functions.
B)formed by two or more organs.
C)often large enough to be studied without magnification.
D)interdependent on each other.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 27

A frontal section is in a plane that

A)is at right angles to the longitudinal axis.
B)divides the body into left and right sections.
C)divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
D)divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
E)divides the body into frontal sections.

Question 28

The linings of both the oral and nasal cavities are

A)mucous membranes.
B)serous membranes.
C)lymphoid tissues.
D)contractile tissues.
E)sheets of tendon.

Question 29

What is the function of the parietal parts of the membranes lining the body cavities

A)They secrete lubrication to allow organs to slide by one another without friction.
B)They supply nutrients to the viscera within the various subdivisions of the cavity.
C)They suspend organs from the mediastinum.
D)They maintain organ separation.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 30

The viscera (or guts)occupy a space known as the ________ body cavity.

A)cranial
B)orbital
C)dorsal
D)ventral
E)vertebral

Question 31

Which of the following pairs consists of anatomical equivalents

A)distal, coronal
B)proximal, lateral
C)cranial, caudal
D)cephalic, posterior
E)anterior, ventral

Question 32

Organs of the urinary system include

A)ureters and kidneys.
B)liver and pancreas.
C)thymus and spleen.
D)bronchi and alveoli.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 33

In anatomical position, a person stands with the legs together and the feet flat on the floor. Additionally, the

A)hands are raised above the head.
B)hands are facing posteriorly.
C)the hands a hanging naturally at the persons sides.
D)hands are at the sides, and the palms face anteriorly.
E)hands are facing laterally.

Question 34

The space found between the lungs and superior to the heart is called the

A)mediastinum.
B)pleural cavity.
C)pericardial cavity.
D)pelvic cavity.
E)thoracic cavity.

Question 35

Why does the term caudal differ in meaning in humans versus four-legged animals (quadrupeds)

A)All human anatomical terms are different from those used for quadrupeds.
B)Humans' upright stance makes caudal the same as inferior.
C)Caudal is a relative term, meaning posterior in humans.
D)It doesn't; the meaning is the same in both.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 36

The serous membrane that lines the inside surface of the thoracic cavity is the

A)visceral peritoneum.
B)parietal pericardium.
C)parietal pleura.
D)visceral pericardium.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 37

In the prone position,

A)the body faces posteriorly.
B)the body is lying in anatomical position face up.
C)the body is lying in anatomical position face down.
D)the head is turned to the left, and the eyes are closed.
E)the body is situated facing posteriorly and the eyes are open.

Question 38

The ________ lines the body wall within the abdominopelvic cavity.

A)visceral pleura
B)parietal pericardium
C)mesentery proper
D)superficial fascia
E)parietal peritoneum

Question 39

The pericardial cavity contains which of the following

A)heart
B)liver
C)intestines
D)brain
E)both the heart and the liver

Question 40

Mesenteries

A)provide a passageway for blood vessels to the abdominal organs.
B)allow movement of abdominal structures.
C)support and stabilize organs such as the kidneys.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 41

The study of external and internal structures and the physical relationships between body parts is ________.

Question 42

The property of living organisms whereby they discharge useless or harmful wastes produced during normal function is called ________.

Question 43

The study of anatomy leads to an important concept that structure determines ________.

Question 44

The study of the smallest living units is called ________.

Question 45

Which of the following is considered a radiological procedure

A)CT (computerized tomography)
B)MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
C)ultrasound
D)angiography
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 46

Study of general form and superficial anatomical markings is called ________ anatomy.

Question 47

The process of producing a new organism is referred to as ________.

Question 48

A failure to maintain homeostatic conditions in the body is known as ________.

Question 49

The two layers of a serous membrane are

A)pericardial and parietal.
B)double sheets of peritoneum.
C)visceral and parietal.
D)pleural and parietal.
E)internal and external.

Question 50

The branch of anatomy that studies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye is called ________ anatomy.

Question 51

The process of cellular specialization to perform certain functions is called ________.

Question 52

More than one ________ combines to increase complexity and promote the level of organization to the organ level.

Question 53

The discipline that might examine structural interactions within a sheet of muscle tissue is called ________.

Question 54

Damage to body structures at any level would most impair function at the highest, or ________, level of organization.

Question 55

The consideration of anatomical structures large enough to be viewed by the naked eye is called ________ anatomy.

Question 56

The property of living things to change position is called ________.

Question 57

A transverse section at the level of the nipple would pass through which body cavity(ies)

A)pleural cavities
B)pericardial cavity
C)abdominal cavity
D)pelvic cavity
E)both the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity

Question 58

A basic function of a living organism that governs how the individual reacts to stimuli is called ________.

Question 59

The ________ system contains glandular structures that direct long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems.

Question 60

Study of the changes in form that occur during the period from conception to physical maturity is called ________ anatomy.

Question 61

A ________ plane is a horizontal or cross-sectional plane intersecting the human body at right angles to the long axis.

Question 62

The calf is more appropriately called the ________ .

Question 63

The ________ abdominopelvic region is sandwiched between the right and left hypochondriac regions.

Question 64

Most of the digestive organs are contained within the ________ cavity, which is named for the membrane that surrounds it.

Question 65

The anatomical name for the front of the elbow is ________.

Question 66

The hip is ________ to the knee.

Question 67

A ________ section is produced if the body is separated into top and bottom portions.

Question 68

The ________ system breaks chemicals down and absorbs them into the body.

Question 69

The nipple is ________ and ________ to the umbilicus.

Question 70

The abdominopelvic regions located where the body attaches to the lower limbs are called the right and left ________ regions.

Question 71

A midsagittal section divides the human body into equal ________ and ________ portions.

Question 72

The bladder is located in the ________ cavity.

Question 73

Pain originating from the spleen would most likely be felt in the ________ abdominopelvic quadrant.

Question 74

The ________ system allows for gas exchange with the environment.

Question 75

The hips are ________, or inferior, to the shoulders.

Question 76

Organs such as the liver, stomach, and pancreas are located within the ________ cavity, superior to the level of the pelvis.

Question 77

The respiratory system makes it possible for the body to conduct gas exchange; this process is also facilitated by the ________ system, which transports the gasses through the body.

Question 78

The ________ separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity.

Question 79

Heart is to pericardial cavity as ________ is to pleural cavity.

Question 80

The outer surfaces of each lung are covered by the ________ pleura.