Deck 12: Services and Settlements

Question 1

An activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it is known as

A) a favor.
B) a transaction.
C) a service.
D) an activity.
E) a kickback.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

________ helps explain how the most profitable location can be identified for consumer services.

A) Type of service
B) The range
C) Central place theory
D) Market area
E) Threshold theory

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Using the rank-size rule,a country's fourth largest city is expected to be about ________ of the size of the largest city.

A) one-half
B) two-thirds
C) one-third
D) one quarter
E) one-sixteenth

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Generally,if the settlement hierarchy does not graph as a straight line,then the society does not have

A) an urbanized enough population.
B) a rank-size distribution of settlements.
C) enough cities for the people to have a good standard of living.
D) any problems with crime and homelessness.
E) a migration problem.

Question 5

About ________ percent of all U.S.jobs are in the public sector,________ percent of public school employees were excluded from the total and counted instead under education (consumer)services.

A) 45; 30
B) 25; 13
C) 16; 9
D) 10; 7
E) 8; 4

Question 6

The ________ sector is responsible for the majority of the GDP for most developed countries.

A) business
B) manufacturing
C) public
D) service
E) consumer

Question 7

Geographers use ________ to represent market areas because of their geometric properties compared with those of circles and squares.

A) octagons
B) hexagons
C) pentagons
D) triangles
E) heptagon

Question 8

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service is called

A) zone of purchase.
B) range.
C) travel distance.
D) threshold.
E) market area.

Question 9

This helps to explain the distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota.Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart,whereas smaller settlements are more frequent and closer together.

A) rank-size rule
B) range
C) central place theory
D) primate city rule
E) range of service rule

Question 10

Geographers apply ________ to create market area studies that assist service providers with opening and expanding their facilities.

A) rank-size rule
B) range
C) central place theory
D) primate city rule
E) range of service rule

Question 11

Services generate more than ________ of GDP in most developed countries,compared to less than ________ in most developing countries.

A) two-thirds; half
B) three-quarters; two-thirds
C) three quarters; half
D) half; two-thirds
E) two-thirds; three-quarters

Question 12

The rank-size rule states that a countries nth-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.Why does Mexico deviate from this rule?

A) Mexico doesn't have any sufficiently large cities.
B) The Mexican census is very unreliable.
C) Mexico has three very large population centers.
D) The difference between the population of Mexico City and the next biggest city is very large.
E) Most of the Mexican population lives near the U.S. border.

Question 13

The two components of central place theory are

A) range and rank-size rule.
B) rank-size rule and threshold.
C) threshold and market share.
D) market share and range.
E) range and threshold.

Question 14

In the U.S.,the financial sector provides about ________ percent of all jobs.

A) 6
B) 14
C) 23
D) 30
E) 42

Question 15

Which of the following is most relevant to the concept of threshold?

A) A department store has more than 50 employees.
B) A survey reveals that people are prepared to drive a 30 minutes to get to a department store.
C) A department store typically needs roughly 25,000 people living within a 15-minute radius.
D) A department store only carries female products.
E) A drugstore has a loyalty card that is extremely generous.

Question 16

The ________ is the minimum number of people needed to support the service.

A) range
B) threshold
C) distance
D) hierarchy
E) law of equidistance

Question 17

The ________ is the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

A) threshold
B) range
C) distance
D) hierarchy
E) law of equidistance

Question 18

Geographers can estimate the ________ by using the ZIP codes of credit-card customers.

A) market share
B) threshold
C) range
D) number of post offices
E) profitability

Question 19

According to the primate city rule,the largest settlement has

A) about the same size as the second ranking settlement.
B) slightly more people than the second ranking settlement.
C) more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement.
D) about three times the population of the second ranking settlement.
E) about four times the population of the second ranking settlement.

Question 20

________ explains how services are distributed and why a regular pattern of settlements exists,at least in developed countries such as the United States.

A) The Von Thünen model
B) The Concentric model
C) Central place theory
D) The sector model
E) The distance tolerance model

Question 21

Which of the following do developing countries specialize in?

A) raw material production and high finance
B) offshore financial services and back office functions
C) high finance and transportation
D) transportation and manufacturing
E) medical tourism and banking

Question 22

The Caymans have only ________ inhabitants,but there are ________ companies there,including several hundred banks and the world's four largest legal and accounting firms.

A) 300,000; 200,000
B) 220,000; 110,000
C) 120,000; 50,000
D) 60,000; 90,000
E) 40,000; 70,000

Question 23

Figure 12.7.1: Economic Base of U.S. Cities
________ are enterprises whose customers live in the same community,essentially,consumer services.

A) Basic industries
B) Nonbasic industries
C) Social services
D) Human services
E) Temporary services

Question 24

Attracting talented individuals is important for a city because these individuals are

A) those who make the city famous.
B) responsible for promoting economic innovation.
C) those who pay taxes.
D) those who run for political office.
E) responsible for the high-tech jobs created.

Question 25

A ________,characteristic of the contemporary North American rural landscape,is characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlement
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) main street settlement

Question 26

World cities are most closely integrated into the global economic system because they

A) are at the center of the flow of information and capital.
B) control the flow of labor and technology.
C) contribute money to local, regional and national candidates for elective officers.
D) are at the heart of the supply chain and make sure goods move freely.
E) are integral to the functioning of democracy.

Question 27

Which of the following will a company in the U.S.not typically outsource to a developing country?

A) payroll management
B) processing insurance claims
C) transcription work
D) customer service phone banks
E) legal representation in the U.S.

Question 28

In the U.S.,manufacturing centers are generally clustered mostly in the

A) old northeastern manufacturing belt.
B) deep South.
C) the Midwest.
D) along the Mississippi River.
E) along the Mississippi Delta.

Question 29

Generally,global cities are divided into

A) categories, called forward leaning, stagnant and backward leaning cities.
B) two levels, called primate and non-primate cities.
C) three levels, called alpha, beta, and gamma.
D) four levels, called alpha, beta, gamma and delta.
E) None of the above

Question 30

According to Figures 12.7.4 and 12.7.5 scientist and professionals

A) are evenly distributed among the major cities in the United States.
B) gravitate towards rural cities.
C) are not distributed uniformly among cities.
D) are concentrated in the more politically liberal states.
E) are concentrated in the areas where they went to school.

Question 31

A city or region should do all of the following to promote economic innovation except

A) policies to encourage talented graduates from local universities to stay local.
B) insure local universities are world class.
C) make sure new innovative start-ups have access to capital.
D) take measures to attract highly talented individuals.
E) close some museums, nightlife establishments, and culturally diverse establishments to make more space for housing.

Question 32

The concept of basic industries originally referred to

A) manufacturing.
B) trapping.
C) mining.
D) services like police and firefighters.
E) banking.

Question 33

The only Alpha ++ global city in the Americas is

A) Los Angeles.
B) Sao Paulo.
C) Mexico City.
D) New York.
E) Chicago.

Question 34

Which of the following is the least relevant to the concept of threshold?

A) Movie theaters have different thresholds for different sizes of theatres.
B) Large supermarkets need to be in an area where at least 25,000 people can get there within 15 minutes.
C) A department store also has gas stations.
D) Analysis is performed to determine average travel times to different parts of the city.
E) A survey is conducted to understand what the average income is of nearby neighborhood.

Question 35

Which of the following will a company in the U.S.most likely outsource as a back-office function to a developing country?

A) product development
B) payroll
C) internal IT support
D) legal representation in the U.S.
E) call center for customer billing inquiries

Question 36

________ feature buildings clustered along a road or body of water to facilitate communications.

A) Clustered rural settlements
B) Dispersed rural settlements
C) Clustered linear rural settlements
D) Clustered circular rural settlements
E) Main street settlements

Question 37

Rural Chinese periodic markets are configured to

A) optimize profits by being open every day of the year.
B) follow lunar cycles.
C) follow religious days of rest.
D) change locations every 5 days.
E) only be conducted near large population centers.

Question 38

Selected developing countries have attracted back offices by

A) low wages and fluency in English.
B) technical skills and low wages.
C) low wages and good telecommunications infrastructure.
D) stable government, government subsidies.
E) technical skills and education level.

Question 39

A ________ is an agricultural based community in which a number of families live in close proximity to each other,with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlement
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) main street settlement

Question 40

________ cities are most closely integrated into the global economic system because they are at the center of the flow of ________ and ________.

A) Capital; tourism; media
B) Global; information; capital
C) Large; commerce; global institutions
D) Global; global politics; tourism
E) Capital; politics; stock markets

Question 41

How does the concept of threshold help a business to decide on the right location?

Question 42

The first permanent settlements may have been a place for

A) nomads to bury and honor their dead.
B) political leaders.
C) business services.
D) grain repositories.
E) domesticating animals.

Question 43

The ________ consists of a central open space surrounded by structures.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlement
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) main street settlement

Question 44

Briefly discuss the range of a service.

Question 45

According to central place theory,market areas across a developed country would be a series of hexagons of various sizes,unless interrupted by physical features such as mountains and bodies of water.Explain why the particular shape of a polygon is expected.

Question 46

The world's population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in human history in ________.

A) 1990
B) 1995
C) 2000
D) 2004
E) 2008

Question 47

Most rural settlements in the United States are

A) clustered.
B) dispersed.
C) linear.
D) clustered circular.
E) enclosed.

Question 48

The percentage of people living in cities increased from 3 percent in 1800 to about ________ percent in 1950.

A) 90
B) 60
C) 40
D) 30
E) 15

Question 49

According to Demographia,how many cities in the world today have a population of at least 20 million?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 10
D) 15
E) 20

Question 50

What information would you seek if McDonald's asked you to do research on identifying the best location for a franchise in a given area?

Question 51

What is the market area of a service and why is that important?

Question 52

A clustered rural settlement typically does not include

A) homes, barns, tool sheds.
B) farm structures, schools.
C) religious structures, shops.
D) allocated strips of land to each person.
E) police departments.

Question 53

New York's population swelled with the arrival of millions of immigrants,especially during

A) the second world war.
B) the first world war.
C) the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
D) the late seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries.
E) the last 30 years.

Question 54

What is rank-size distribution of settlement and why is that important?

Question 55

From earliest to most present,the correct order of largest urban settlements before 500 BC is

A) UR, Avaris, Nineveh.
B) Thebes, Annad, Nineveh.
C) Nineveh, Lagash, Thebes.
D) Avaris, UR, Nineveh.
E) Memphis, UR, Rome.

Question 56

Permanent settlements existed prior to beginning of recorded history around ________ years ago.

A) 500
B) 1000
C) 2000
D) 4000
E) 5000

Question 57

Until around 300 B.C.,the world's largest settlements were in

A) Egypt and China.
B) Mesopotamia and Egypt.
C) Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley.
D) the Indus Valley and the Yangste Valley.
E) the Yangste Valley and Egypt.

Question 58

Which of the following cities has a population of less than 20 million?

A) Jakarta
B) Seoul
C) New York
D) Mexico City
E) Tokyo

Question 59

Originally called Byzantium,and now known as Istanbul,________ became the world's largest settlement after the decline of Rome,and remained the largest settlement for most of the next 1,000 years.

A) Baghdad
B) Tehran
C) Damascus
D) Constantinople
E) Mecca

Question 60

Briefly discuss the three types of services.

Question 61

Briefly discuss clustered circular rural settlements.

Question 62

What are the characteristics of a clustered rural settlement?

Question 63

Briefly describe off-shore financial services.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the developing world and the developed world with regards to the percentage of people living in urban areas.

Question 65

Discuss the phenomena of global urbanization.

Question 66

The text indicates that the United States loses $150 billion each year in tax revenue due to companies choosing to incorporate in offshore centers that allows them to conceal their asset.Has the United States government taken any actions to hamper this practice? What would you recommend?

Question 67

Compare the world's most populous cities to the most important business service centers.