Deck 26: Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Cystitis is most often caused by

A)Escherichia coli.
B)Leptospira interrogans.
C)Candida albicans.
D)Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
E)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the following can cause congenital infection or infections of the newborn EXCEPT

A)syphilis.
B)gonorrhea.
C)nongonococcal urethritis.
D)genital herpes.
E)pyelonephritis.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which one of the following is treated with penicillin?

A)genital herpes
B)genital warts
C)candidiasis
D)syphilis
E)trichomoniasis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Most nosocomial infections of the urinary tract are caused by

A)Escherichia coli.
B)Enterococcus.
C)Proteus.
D)Klebsiella.
E)Pseudomonas.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an antimicrobial feature of the urinary system?

A)physiological valves found in the ureter
B)pH of the urine
C)flushing action of urine
D)the use of the urethra for movement of seminal fluid in women
E)None of the answers is correct;all of these are antimicrobial features of the urinary system.

Question 6

Which of the following is caused by an opportunistic pathogen?

A)trichomoniasis
B)genital herpes
C)candidiasis
D)gonorrhea
E)chancroid

Question 7

The pH of the adult vagina is acidic due to the conversion of ________ to ________ by bacteria.

A)glucose;ethanol
B)protein;acetic acid
C)glycogen;lactic acid
D)mucosal cells;lactic acid
E)urine;lactic acid

Question 8

Which one of the following is diagnosed by detection of antibodies against the causative agent?

A)nongonococcal urethritis
B)gonorrhea
C)syphilis
D)lymphogranuloma venereum
E)candidiasis

Question 9

Which one of the following is NOT primarily a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

A)lymphogranuloma venereum
B)genital herpes
C)gonorrhea
D)chancroid
E)bacterial vaginosis

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor to cystitis in females?

A)the proximity of the anus to the urethra
B)the length of the urethra
C)sexual intercourse
D)poor personal hygiene
E)None of the answers is correct;all of these are predisposing factors.

Question 11

Nongonococcal urethritis can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A)Mycoplasma homini.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Trichomonas vaginalis.
D)streptococci.
E)Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 12

Pyelonephritis may result from

A)urethritis.
B)cystitis.
C)ureteritis.
D)systemic infections.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

One form of NGU is lymphogranuloma venereum caused by

A)Leptospira interrogans.
B)Chlamydia trachomatis.
C)Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
D)Treponema pallidum.
E)Candida albicans.

Question 14

Normal microbiota of the adult vagina consists primarily of

A)Lactobacillus.
B)Streptococcus.
C)Mycobacterium.
D)Neisseria.
E)Candida.

Question 15

All of the following result from N.gonorrhoeae infection.Which one leads to the others?

A)Antibody production is stopped.
B)CD4⁺ T lymphocytes do not activate.
C)There is an increased risk of other STIs.
D)Opa protein attaches to CD4⁺ T lymphocytes.
E)CD4⁺ T lymphocytes do not proliferate.

Question 16

Pyelonephritis usually is caused by

A)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B)Proteus spp.
C)Escherichia coli.
D)Enterobacter aerogenes.
E)Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 17

The most common reservoir for leptospirosis within the United States is

A)humans.
B)water.
C)domestic dogs.
D)domestic cats.
E)rats.

Question 18

A "clean" urine sample collected directly from the urinary bladder of a healthy individual

A)should be largely devoid of common skin microbiota.
B)contains fewer than 100 pathogens/ml.
C)contains fewer than 10,000 pathogens/ml.
D)contains more than 100,000 pathogens/ml.
E)has leukocyte esterase.

Question 19

Which one of the following recurs at the initial site of infection?

A)gonorrhea
B)syphilis
C)genital herpes
D)chancroid
E)LGV

Question 20

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

A)trichomoniasis - fungus
B)gonorrhea - gram-negative cocci
C)chancroid - gram-negative rod
D)Gardnerella - clue cells
E)syphilis - gram-negative spirochete

Question 21

Which one of the following genera of microorganisms causes gonorrhea?

A)Chlamydia
B)Mycoplasma
C)Neisseria
D)Ureaplasma
E)None of the answers is correct;all of these cause gonorrhea.

Question 22

Which of the following is greater?

A)the number of reported cases of gonorrhea last year
B)the number of reported cases of AIDS last year
C)The number of reported cases of gonorrhea and AIDS are likely equal.

Question 23

A positive LE test and greater than 100 CFU/ml of a single species in urine indicates

A)cystitis.
B)gonorrhea.
C)urethritis.
D)pyelonephritis.
E)genital herpes.

Question 24

Which of the following diseases causes a skin rash,hair loss,malaise,and fever?

A)gonorrhea
B)syphilis
C)NGU
D)trichomoniasis
E)genital herpes

Question 25

A 25-year-old man presented with fever,malaise,and a rash on his chest,arms,and feet.Which one of the following causative agents is most likely to cause these symptoms?

A)Nesseria
B)HPV
C)HSV-2
D)Candida
E)Treponema

Question 26

Infants born to asymptomatic mothers with recurrent genital herpes are less likely to acquire herpesvirus at birth than infants born to newly infected mothers because

A)maternal antibodies offer protection.
B)the disease cannot be transmitted to newborns.
C)the disease is not communicable.
D)prophylactic antibiotics are administered to the newborn.
E)the virus is not growing.

Question 27

Vaginal itching and cheesy discharge are symptoms of

A)Gardnerella vaginosis.
B)genital herpes.
C)candidiasis.
D)trichomoniasis.
E)lymphogranuloma venereum.

Question 28

Leukocytes at the infected site are a symptom of

A)Gardnerella vaginosis.
B)genital herpes.
C)candidiasis.
D)trichomoniasis.
E)lymphogranuloma venereum.

Question 29

A patient is experiencing profuse greenish-yellow,foul-smelling discharge from her vagina.She is complaining of itching and irritation.What is the most likely treatment?

A)metronidazole
B)cephalosporins
C)acyclovir
D)miconazole
E)No treatment is available.

Question 30

Which one of the following statements about genital warts is FALSE?

A)It is transmitted by direct contact.
B)It is caused by papillomaviruses.
C)Lesions are always precancerous.
D)It can be treated by removing them.
E)It can lead to cervical cancer in women.

Question 31

Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes

A)cystitis.
B)pyelonephritis.
C)vaginitis.
D)gonorrhea.
E)syphilis.

Question 32

Recurring vesicles on the surface of human skin are symptoms of

A)Gardnerella vaginosis.
B)genital herpes.
C)candidiasis.
D)trichomoniasis.
E)lymphogranuloma venereum.

Question 33

A patient presents with fever and extensive lesions of the labia minora.Her VDRL test was negative.What is the most likely treatment?

A)metronidazole
B)cephalosporins
C)acyclovir
D)miconazole
E)No treatment is available.

Question 34

The most common reportable disease in the United States is

A)cystitis.
B)lymphogranuloma venereum.
C)gonorrhea.
D)syphilis.
E)candidiasis.

Question 35

Which one of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is FALSE?

A)It can cause sterility and chronic pain.
B)It can be caused by N.gonorrhoeae.
C)It can be transmitted sexually.
D)It can be caused by C.trachomatis.
E)It can be caused by T.pallidum.

Question 36

Which one of the following is caused by Chlamydia?

A)Gardnerella vaginosis
B)genital herpes
C)candidiasis
D)trichomoniasis
E)lymphogranuloma venereum

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a complication of gonorrhea?

A)arthritis
B)pelvic inflammatory disease
C)endocarditis
D)meningitis
E)None of the answers are correct;all of these are potential complications of gonorrhea.

Question 38

A 25-year-old man presented with fever,malaise,and a rash on his chest,arms,and feet.Which of the following will be most useful for a rapid diagnosis?

A)bacterial culture
B)microscopic examination of blood
C)serological test for antibodies
D)serological test for antigen
E)viral culture

Question 39

Which of the following is the most difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents?

A)genital herpes
B)gonorrhea
C)syphilis
D)trichomoniasis
E)leptospirosis

Question 40

The most common NGU in the United States is treated with

A)penicillin.
B)cephalosporins.
C)acyclovir.
D)AZT.
E)doxycycline.

Question 41

Which one of the following is an effective means of treatment for genital warts?

A)surgery
B)cryotherapy
C)podofilox and imiquimod gels
D)acyclovir
E)nine-valent vaccination

Question 42

Women and men typically have the same normal microbiota in their reproductive systems.

Question 43

A 25-year-old male presented with fever,malaise,and a rash on his chest,arms,and feet.Diagnosis was based on serological testing.The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier.This disease can be treated with

A)acyclovir.
B)metronidazole.
C)miconazole.
D)penicillin.
E)surgery.

Question 44

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia.Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia;the VDRL test was negative.Which treatment is appropriate?

A)acyclovir
B)metronidazole
C)miconazole
D)penicillin
E)surgery

Question 45

Trichomoniasis is the only known STI caused by a protozoan.

Question 46

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia.Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia;the VDRL test was negative.Which of the following is probable?

A)candidiasis
B)genital herpes
C)gonorrhea
D)NGU
E)syphilis

Question 47

Most UTI infections in the population are a result of catheterization in a hospital setting.

Question 48

In the United States,approximately how many people over the age of 30 are infected with HSV-2?

A)1-3%
B)approximately 25%
C)90%
D)approximately 75%
E)5-10%

Question 49

Which one of the following is a STI that may be confused with syphilis due to its ulcer formation on the genitalia?

A)gonorrhea
B)candidiasis
C)chancroid (soft chancre)
D)leptospirosis
E)nongonococcal urethritis

Question 50

There are many types of HPV,and the available vaccines don't (can't)cover all of them.However,the vaccine is still recommended for helping to control the disease caused by the virus.Why?

A)The vaccine covers strains frequently associated with development of cancerous states.
B)The vaccine gives cross-protection against bacterial STIs.
C)The protection initiated against some strains of the virus gives cross-protection to a lesser extent against all HPV strains.
D)The vaccine specifically and only provides protection against HPV types that produce genital warts.

Question 51

Genital candidiasis is a disease that only affects women.

Question 52

Microscopic tests using fluorescently-labeled monoclonal antibodies are commonly used for detection of primary syphilis.

Question 53

Anatomically,women have more portals of entry in the reproductive system compared to men.

Question 54

Candida is a normal flora fungal microorganism found in the majority (greater than 50%)of women.

Question 55

Which of the following is treated with cephalosporins because the organism is resistant to penicillin and fluoroquinolones?

A)Mycoplasma hominis
B)Haemophilus ducreyi
C)Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D)Treponema pallidum
E)Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 56

A 25-year-old man presented with fever,malaise,and a rash on his chest,arms,and feet.Diagnosis was based on serological testing.The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier.What stage of disease is the patient in?

A)NGU
B)primary
C)secondary
D)tertiary

Question 57

The male urethra is typically sterile.

Question 58

A microbe that enters the vagina would likely cause cystitis if left untreated.

Question 59

Only HSV-2 can cause genital herpes.

Question 60

The causative agent of chancroid is

A)Treponema pallidum.
B)Haemophilus ducreyi.
C)Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
D)HSV-2.
E)HPV.

Question 61

Differentiate neonatal herpes from genital herpes.What are risks to the fetus if the mother is HSV-2 positive prior to conception,and how can those risks be reduced? What about if the mother becomes HSV-2 positive during the pregnancy?

Question 62

Nearly 70 percent of the patients seen in STI clinics are men.Offer a reason men are more likely to seek treatment than women.Why is it important that women seek treatment for STIs?

Question 63

Would you expect reported cases of urethritis to be higher than pyelonephritis? Explain.

Question 64

Would you expect the incidence of leptospirosis to be higher in urban or rural communities? Explain.

Question 65

Why are the unreported cases of STIs an important public health concern?