Deck 3: Explaining Crime

Question 1

Which of the following theories was an explicit rejection of the critical and "negative" philosophy of the Enlightenment thinkers?

A) classical theory
B) radical theory
C) positivist theory
D) neoclassical theory

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following theorists maintains that criminal behavior sometimes is chosen as an adaptation over other possible alternatives because it offers gratifications (psychological advantages)that could not be achieved otherwise?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Alfred Adler
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Seymour Halleck

Answer 2

D

Question 3

For Cesare Beccaria,the basis of society,as well as the origin of punishments and the right to punish,is:

A) utility.
B) specific deterrence
C) general deterrence.
D) the social contract.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Low levels of the brain neurotransmitter ____ have been found in impulsive murderers and arsonists.

A) dopamine
B) norepinephrine
C) testosterone
D) serotonin

Question 5

Which of the following is a product of the Enlightenment period,or the Age of Reason,a period of history that began in the early 1500s and lasted until the late 1700s?

A) classical theory
B) biological positivism
C) positivist theory
D) neoclassical theory

Question 6

The research of the Chicago School was based on a model taken from:

A) psychoanalysis.
B) ecology.
C) history.
D) sociology.

Question 7

Which of the following theories is associated with the first large-scale study of crime in the United States?

A) anomie theory
B) functionalist theory
C) labeling theory
D) social disorganization theory

Question 8

Which of the following theorists is associated with body type theories?

A) William Sheldon
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) Johan Caspar Lavater
D) Joseph Gall

Question 9

What did Lombroso call a person predisposed to crime?

A) a stigmata
B) an atavist
C) a criminaloid
D) a psychopath

Question 10

There are at least three policy implications of Seymour Halleck's humanistic psychological theory.All are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of the three policy implications listed in your textbook?

A) Sources of social oppression should be eliminated wherever possible.
B) Psychotherapy should be provided for subjective oppressions.
C) Psychoactive drugs should be provided as part of the psychotherapy process.
D) Alternative, legal ways of coping with oppression should be provided.

Question 11

Your text names four types of heredity studies.Three are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

A) somatotype studies
B) family trees
C) twin studies
D) statistical comparisons

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a problem with psychotherapy?

A) it rests on faith; much of its theoretical structure is scientifically untestable
B) the emphasis of psychotherapy as an approach to rehabilitation is on the individual offender and not the individual offender in interaction with the environment in which the criminal behavior occurs
C) the behaviors that are treated in psychotherapy are not criminal, but are the deep-seated problems
D) it is unable to make patients aware of unconscious and deep-seated problems in order to resolve the symptoms associated with them

Question 13

Cesare Beccaria recommended six ways to prevent crime.Three are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

A) Educate the public.
B) Determine the physiological causes of crime.
C) Enact laws that are clear, simple, and unbiased, and that reflect the consensus of the population.
D) Eliminate corruption from the administration of justice.

Question 14

Which of the following theories assumes that crime is committed by free-willed individuals who engage in a hedonistic rationality?

A) humanistic psychological theory
B) the theory of the Chicago School
C) anomie theory
D) classical theory

Question 15

Which of the following theories is based on the belief that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals?

A) classical theory
B) biological positivism
C) psychological positivism
D) sociological positivism

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a general criticism of positivism?

A) positivistic theories generally account for too much crime and, at the same time, they have difficulty explaining exceptions
B) positivistic theories generally ignore the criminalization process
C) positivistic theories generally ignore the multitude of fundamental conflicts of value and interest in society
D) all of the choices are problems with positivism

Question 17

Who argued that criminals are,by birth,a distinct type,and that this type can be recognized by physical characteristics or "stigmata" such as enormous jaws,high cheekbones,insensitivity to pain,etc.?

A) Cesare Beccaria
B) Johan Caspar Lavater
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) William Sheldon

Question 18

With whom are psychoanalytic theories of crime causation associated?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) William Sheldon
D) H. H. Goddard

Question 19

Several modifications of classical theory are collectively referred to as:

A) conflict theory
B) radical theory
C) positivist theory
D) neoclassical theory

Question 20

For Emile Durkheim,the cause of crime is ____,that is,the dissociation of the individual from the ____.

A) anomie; collective conscience
B) sui generis; collective conscience
C) sociopathy; sui generis
D) sui generis; anomie

Question 21

For the Chicago theorists,social disorganization is defined by several characteristics.Three of the characteristics discussed in your textbook are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of social disorganization?

A) There is little encouragement, training, or opportunity for legitimate employment.
B) The usual controls over delinquents are largely absent.
C) There are many opportunities for delinquent behavior.
D) There is an absence of gangs and gang-related delinquency.

Question 22

Which of the following is the commission of crime subsequent to the first criminal act and the acceptance of a criminal label?

A) atavism
B) secondary deviance
C) anomie
D) primary deviance

Question 23

According to Merton,____ pursue the cultural goal of wealth through illegitimate means.

A) rebels
B) ritualists
C) conformists
D) innovators

Question 24

Sutherland's ____ states that persons who become criminal do so because of contacts with criminal patterns and isolation from noncriminal patterns.

A) differential association theory
B) anomie (or strain) theory
C) learning theory
D) social control theory

Question 25

Men's control over women's labor and sexuality is ______.

A) praxis
B) patriarchy
C) class struggle
D) ecology

Question 26

Which of the following theories assumes that crime is a product of the class struggle in society?

A) labeling theory
B) conflict theory
C) radical theory
D) control theory

Question 27

What do learning theorists call the presentation of a stimulus that increases or maintains a response?

A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) extinction
D) punishment

Question 28

Radical theories of crime causation are generally based on the ideas of:

A) Karl Marx.
B) Anthony.
B) Susan
C) Travis Hirschi.
D) Edwin Sutherland.

Question 29

Which of the following had been identified by a leading exponent of left realism as a potent,though not exclusive cause of crime?

A) biological inferiority
B) relative deprivation
C) absolute deprivation
D) patriarchy

Question 30

A problem with labeling theory is that it tends to ____ the importance of the official labeling process.

A) neutralize
B) ignore
C) overemphasize
D) disregard

Question 31

Which of the following suggests that the solution to all social problems,including crime,is the transformation of human beings,mutual dependence,reduction of class structures,the creation of communities of caring people,and universal social justice?

A) British or left realism
B) radical theory
C) peacemaking criminology
D) feminist theory

Question 32

Which of the following assumes that society is based primarily on disagreements between competing interest groups-for instance,the rich against the poor,management against labor,whites against minorities,men against women,adults against children?

A) conflict theory
B) labeling theory
C) social disorganization theory
D) radical theory

Question 33

For Sutherland,______ describes communities that vary in the degree to which they promote or inhibit criminal associations based on the way or to the degree that they are organized.

A) collective conscience
B) social disorganization
C) differential social organization
D) differential association

Question 34

Your textbook lists three general solutions to women's subordinate position in society for liberal feminists.They are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

A) abolition of patriarchy
B) equal opportunity
C) equal rights
D) freedom of choice

Question 35

According to Merton,____ pursue the cultural goal of wealth only through legitimate institutional means.

A) rebels
B) ritualists
C) conformists
D) innovators

Question 36

According to Merton,____ do not actively pursue the cultural goal of wealth (they are willing to settle for less),but follow the legitimate institutional means anyway.

A) rebels
B) ritualists
C) conformists
D) innovators

Question 37

Your textbook states four general ways that,according to learning theory,punishment can be administered effectively.Three are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

A) Punishment must be combined with the positive reinforcement of alternative, prosocial behaviors.
B) Punishment must be applied consistently and immediately.
C) Punishment must include fines or some kind of restitution.
D) Punishment must be combined with extinction.

Question 38

Which of the following focuses on women's experiences and ways of knowing because,in the past,men's experiences have been taken as the norm and generalized to the population?

A) British or left realism
B) radical theory
C) peacemaking criminology
D) feminist theory

Question 39

Cloward and Ohlin named three types of gangs in your textbook.Three are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of these types of gangs?

A) ritualist
B) violent
C) retreatist
D) criminal

Question 40

From the perspective of ____,people are expected to commit crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so.

A) learning theory
B) differential association theory
C) role theory
D) social control theory

Question 41

One objection to radical theory is that the radical definition of crime as the violation of human rights is too narrow and specific.

Question 42

Psychopaths,sociopaths,or antisocial personalities are characterized by no sense of guilt,no subjective conscience,and no sense of right and wrong.

Question 43

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theory that there is a contradiction between the cultural goal of achieving wealth and the social structure's inability to provide legitimate institutional means for achieving the goal.Alternately,a theory that crime is caused by the inability of juveniles to achieve status among peers by socially acceptable means.

Question 44

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theory that argues that critical criminologists need to redirect their attention to the fear and the very real victimization experienced by working-class people.

Question 45

Criminological theory refers to the explanation and causation of criminal behavior,but not to explanations of police behavior or the behavior of other actors in the criminal justice system.

Question 46

Special or specific deterrence is the use of the punishment of specific individuals to prevent people in general or society at large from engaging in crime.

Question 47

According to conflict theorists,criminal law and the criminal justice system are used by dominant groups to control subordinate ones.

Question 48

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
Any theory of crime causation that is generally based on a Marxist theory of class struggle.

Question 49

Extinction is the presentation of an aversive stimulus to reduce a response.

Question 50

A theory of crime attempts to explain why or how a certain thing or certain things are related to criminal behavior.

Question 51

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
The explanation of the behavior of criminals,police,attorneys,prosecutors,judges,correctional personnel,victims,and other actors in the criminal justice system.

Question 52

Administering testosterone to male sex offenders has been found to reduce their sexual drives.

Question 53

According to learning theory,through imitation or modeling,a person can learn new responses,such as criminal behavior,by observing others.

Question 54

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
The theory that states that when the usual controls over delinquents are largely absent; delinquent behavior is often approved of by parents and neighbors; there are many opportunities for delinquent behavior; and there is little encouragement,training,or opportunity for legitimate employment; crime or delinquency will occur.

Question 55

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theory that assumes that society is based primarily on conflict between competing interest groups,that criminal law and the criminal justice system are used to control subordinate groups,and that crime is caused by relative powerlessness.

Question 56

Criminal anthropology is the study of "criminal" human beings.

Question 57

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theory that human behavior is determined and not a matter of free will,and criminals are fundamentally different from noncriminals.

Question 58

Emile Durkheim rejected the idea that society is more than a simple aggregate of individuals,and believed that the world is simply the product of individual actions.

Question 59

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
The study of the biological factors linked to criminality and delinquency,such as disorders of the limbic system and other parts of the brain,brain chemical dysfunctions,minimal brain damage,and endocrine abnormalities.

Question 60

Postmodernist criminologists prefer to replace the prevailing description of the world with new conceptions,words and phrases that convey alternative meanings,as Sutherland did when he introduced the concept of "white-collar crime."

Question 61

Hirschi named four characteristics of proper socialization and four reasons why deviant behavior is likely to occur.Name three of each of these.

Question 62

Name the three body types discussed in Sheldon's theory.

Question 63

Define positive and negative reinforcement,and give one example of each that is related to crime.

Question 64

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
As applied to the area of crime and criminal justice,the major foci of this theory have been critical analyses of the privileged position of "the Law" and the construction of crime theories.

Question 65

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
The theory that human behavior,including criminal behavior,is motivated by a hedonistic rationality,in which actors weigh the potential pleasure of an action against the possible pain associated with it.

Question 66

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
The theory that crime,like other disorders,was a symptom of more deep-seated problems and that if the deep-seated problems could be resolved,the symptom of crime would go away.

Question 67

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
This type of theory of crime causation is based on the belief that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals.

Question 68

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theory that explains criminal behavior and its prevention with the concepts of positive reinforcement,negative reinforcement,extinction,punishment,and modeling or imitation.

Question 69

Name the five main assumptions of the positivist school of thought.

Question 70

Delinquent behavior is likely to occur if there is

Question 71

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A perspective on criminality that focuses on women's experiences and seeks to abolish men's control over women's labor and sexuality.

Question 72

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
The study of "criminal" human beings.

Question 73

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theoretical approach that suggests that the solution to all social problems,including crime,is the transformation of human beings,mutual dependence,reduction of class structures,the creation of communities of caring people,and universal social justice.

Question 74

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
According to this theory,human beings can be divided into three basic somatotypes,which correspond to three basic temperaments

Question 75

Name the five ways in which individuals adapt to strain,according to Merton.

Question 76

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theory that emphasizes the criminalization process as the cause of some crime.

Question 77

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A modification of classical theory in which it is conceded that certain factors,such as insanity,might inhibit the exercise of free will.

Question 78

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
The fundamentally psychoanalytic theories that assume that people are basically good even though they are sometimes influenced by society to act badly.

Question 79

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theory that states that people are expected to commit crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so.

Question 80

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
a.Criminological theory
b.Classical theory
c.Neoclassical theory
d.Positivism
e.Biological theory
f.Criminal anthropology
g.Body-type theory
h.Modern biocriminology
i.Psychoanalytic theory
j.Humanistic psychological theory
k.Social disorganization theory
l.Anomie or strain theory
m.Differential association theory
n.Learning theory
o.Social control theory
p.Labeling theory
q.Conflict theory
r.Radical theory
s.British or left realism
t.Peacemaking criminology
u.Feminist theory
v.Postmodern theory
A theory that people who become criminal do so because of contacts with criminal patterns and isolation from anticriminal patterns.