Deck 10: Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures

Question 1

What is the best advice a dental hygienist can give a patient concerning ingestion of trace elements?

A) Consumption of a variety of foods and fluids help obtain trace minerals.
B) Refined foods are a good source of trace minerals.
C) Multimineral supplements safely supply adequate amounts of trace minerals to support health.
D) Deficiencies of trace minerals are common and can be prevented by taking supplements.

Answer 1

Consumption of a variety of foods and fluids help obtain trace minerals.

Question 2

A moderate intake of selenium has been linked to reduced risks of prostate, lung, and colon cancers and heart disease because of its role as an antioxidant.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Answer 2

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Question 3

Each of the following is true of chromium except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Chromium is poorly absorbed.
B) It can facilitate insulin in assisting cellular glucose uptake and energy release.
C) Chromium status increases with age.
D) Sources of chromium include meats, whole-grain cereals, wheat germ, beer, wine, and tap water.
E) The use of chromium supplements for patients with diabetes is controversial.

Answer 3

Chromium status increases with age.

Question 4

Each of the following is a physiologic role of copper except one. Which one is the exception?

A) It is essential for formation of red blood cells and connective tissue.
B) Copper is involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, especially in the use of glucose.
C) Copper-containing enzymes encourage production of neurotransmitters.
D) It is readily incorporated into tooth enamel.

Question 5

The mineral most likely to occur in shellfish, oysters, crabs, sesame, and sunflower seeds is:

A) copper.
B) selenium.
C) chromium.
D) molybdenum.

Question 6

Acidic foods such as pineapple and tomato packed in uncoated tin cans contain significant amounts of tin. Most Americans consume high amounts of tin because most foods contain moderate to high level of it.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 7

Each of the following is true of physiologic roles and reactions to selenium except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Selenium functions mainly as a cofactor that protects membranes from oxidation.
B) It works hand in hand with vitamin E.
C) Deposition of large amounts during tooth formation enhance the mineralization process.
D) Excessive selenium prior to eruption may promote dental caries.

Question 8

Aluminum, an essential nutrient, is added to intravenous solutions because it increases absorption and distribution of the medications.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 9

Aluminum exposure increases prevalence of dental caries because this element decreases the uptake and retention of fluoride. Aluminum accumulation can occur when taking antacids containing aluminum hydroxide.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 10

Keshan disease is metabolic disorder in which large amounts of copper accumulate in the liver, kidney, brain, and cornea. In parts of China, an endemic cardiomyopathy called Wilson disease is associated with severe selenium deficiency.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

Each of the following is true of the effects of lead except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Lead is more readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract during infancy and early childhood than in adulthood.
B) Milk intake results in increased levels of lead.
C) The EPA requires water systems to control the levels of lead to less than 15 parts per million (ppm).
D) Lead toxicity damages the central nervous system, kidneys, and ability to produce red blood cells.
E) The effects of lead stored in bones and teeth are unknown.

Question 12

Chromium supplements can cause serious renal impairment when taken in excess. Registered dietitians frequently recommend over-the-counter chromium supplements for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 13

Each of the following accurately describes aspects and treatment of Alzheimer disease except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Alzheimer disease is the most common type of dementia.
B) Known risk factors include age, family history, head trauma, and genetic disposition.
C) Although a specific cause has not been determined, aluminum is considered a primary causative agent.
D) Vitamin E supplementation is sometimes prescribed because it is an antioxidant.

Question 14

Which seafood is most likely to have the least amount of mercury?

A) Shark
B) Swordfish
C) Mackerel
D) Salmon
E) Fresh tuna

Question 15

High doses of zinc supplements increase copper absorption. Large amounts of vitamin C supplements increase bioavailability of copper.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 16

Which mineral is most closely associated with insulin metabolism?

A) Chromium
B) Copper
C) Molybdenum
D) Boron

Question 17

Each of the following is considered an ultratrace element except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Molybdenum
B) Boron
C) Nickel
D) Lithium
E) Vanadium

Question 18

Copper deficiency causes lesions within connective tissues and bone. Lesions resemble those seen in vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 19

Which element is most likely to be found in a patient with extreme nausea, menopausal symptoms, and rheumatoid arthritis?

A) Chromium
B) Molybdenum
C) Manganese
D) Copper

Question 20

Approximately what percentage of copper is absorbed?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 33%
D) 45%

Question 21

Which mineral is most important for carbohydrate and fat metabolism?

A) Selenium
B) Manganese
C) Chromium
D) Molybdenum

Question 22

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
Osteodystrophy

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 23

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
Stannous

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 24

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
Madness

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 25

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
Kayser-Fleisher ring

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 26

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
Causes copper deficiency

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 27

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
Potentiates action of insulin

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 28

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
Vitamin E

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 29

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
Endemic cardiac myopathy

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium

Question 30

Very small amounts of minerals and trace minerals are needed to maintain optimal health. As with all nutrients, deficiencies and excesses of one mineral affect absorption and utilization of the others. The dental hygienist should understand and appreciate the relationships between nutrients present in calcified structures and optimal oral health. Match the nutrient or disorder with its appropriate action or result.
May promote dental caries

A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium