Deck 8: DNA Replication,Binary Fission,and Mitosis

Question 1

The genome of an organism is all of its

A) proteins.
B) RNA.
C) characteristics.
D) genetic material.
E) All answers are correct.

Answer 1

D
Explanation: A genome is all of the DNA in one place, be it one cell, one nucleus, one mitochondrion.

Question 2

If you were watching a cell undergoing a doubling of the DNA in its nucleus,you would be observing 

A) protein synthesis.
B) aerobic respiration.
C) replication.
D) substrate-phosphorylation.
E) photosynthesis.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: DNA replication is the process of copying DNA before cell division.

Question 3

A nucleosome consists of

A) a stretch of DNA and histones.
B) a stretch of DNA only.
C) a stretch of RNA only.
D) a stretch of RNA and a ribosome.
E) histones only.

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Nucleosomes are units of organization within the chromosomes consisting of both DNA and protein.

Question 4

The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is

A) fertilization.
B) recombination.
C) replication.
D) mitosis.
E) germination.

Question 5

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is

A) amylase.
B) transcriptase.
C) ligase.
D) helicase.
E) DNA polymerase.

Question 6

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is

A) helicase.
B) transcriptase.
C) DNA polymerase.
D) amylase.
E) ligase.

Question 7

Meiosis is a process used for

A) repair of damaged cells.
B) growth of an organism.
C) asexual reproduction.
D) production of stem cells.
E) production of gametes.

Question 8

Strands of DNA are joined by

A) hydrogen bonds.
B) covalent bonds.
C) ionic bonds.
D) phosphodiester bonds.

Question 9

Mutations may be caused by

A) errors in prokaryotic replication.
B) exposure to radiation.
C) exposure to chemicals.
D) errors in eukaryotic replication.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 10

DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with

A) ionic bonds.
B) hydrogen bonds.
C) weak chemical bonds.
D) covalent bonds.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 11

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself before cell division?

A) ATP synthase
B) DNA
C) RNA
D) NAD
E) FAD

Question 12

Eukaryotic chromosomes become visible with a light microscope before cell division because they

A) become less tightly wound.
B) become more tightly wound.
C) increase in length.
D) decrease in length.
E) combine with RNA.

Question 13

One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome is called a

A) centromere.
B) chromatin.
C) chromosome.
D) nucleosome.
E) chromatid.

Question 14

A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term

A) chromatin.
B) nucleosome.
C) centromere.
D) histone.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 15

A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a

A) chromosome.
B) nucleus.
C) ribosome.
D) Golgi body.
E) centriole.

Question 16

DNA and its associated proteins in the nucleus is referred to as the

A) centromere.
B) nucleosome.
C) histone.
D) chromatin.
E) microtubule.

Question 17

If you were putting description on a model,you would put a card saying "a discrete continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein" on a model of a 

A) nucleosome.
B) chromosome.
C) centromere.
D) histone.
E) genome.

Question 18

All of the following refer to mitosis,except 

A) repair of damaged cells.
B) growth of an organism.
C) asexual reproduction.
D) formation of gametes.
E) production of genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 19

Apoptosis is also called

A) replication.
B) mitosis.
C) programmed cell death.
D) the cell cycle.
E) programmed cellular reproduction.

Question 20

Sister chromatids are

A) genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere.
B) genetically different and attached to each other at the centromere.
C) genetically different.
D) genetically identical.
E) attached to each other at the centromere.

Question 21

The chemotherapy drug taxol inhibits microtubule function.A cell treated with taxol would become stuck in which phase?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) cytokinesis

Question 22

The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a

A) cell plate.
B) cleavage furrow.
C) cell wall.
D) nucleolus.
E) nuclear envelope.

Question 23

In early stages of mitosis,a structure appears and functions to organize the protein subunits of the mitotic spindle.This is the

A) centromere.
B) kinetochore.
C) centrosome.
D) cytoskeleton.
E) microfilaments.

Question 24

The two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are

A) interphase and cytokinesis.
B) interphase and mitosis.
C) mitosis and cytokinesis.
D) interphase and prophase.
E) mitosis and meiosis.

Question 25

The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A) mitosis.
B) interphase.
C) cytokinesis.
D) metaphase.
E) anaphase.

Question 26

In an asexual life cycle,cells reproduce by

A) meiosis.
B) fertilization.
C) meiosis and fertilization.
D) mitosis.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 27

The division of the nucleus during the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A) mitosis.
B) interphase.
C) synthesis.
D) cytokinesis.
E) replication.

Question 28

In a sexual life cycle,a zygote (fertilized egg) grows to an adult by

A) meiosis.
B) fertilization.
C) meiosis and fertilization.
D) mitosis.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 29

When DNA replicates

A) the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA is made from two new strands of DNA.
B) one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules.
C) the original DNA unwinds, and multiple copies of a region are transcribed before the DNA closes back up.
D) transcription factors determine where to begin DNA replication.
E) a cell that was diploid (2N) will now be tetraploid (4N).

Question 30

Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell

A) dividing after mutations are fixed.
B) continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.
C) condensing its chromosomes before mitosis.
D) aligning chromosomes on the equator of the cell during metaphase.
E) pulling chromosomes apart during anaphase.

Question 31

The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is

A) interphase-prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase-cytokinesis.
B) interphase-prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase.
C) metaphase-anaphase-prophase-telophase.
D) prophase-metaphase-cytokinesis-anaphase-telophase.
E) prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase.

Question 32

You are told that you will receive an automatic "A" in your course if you look in a drawer marked with a part of the cell cycle most clearly associated with DNA replication and find a special token.Therefore you look in a drawer containing items related to 

A) mitosis.
B) cytokinesis.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.
E) interphase.

Question 33

How does the space between our fingers arise?

A) The cells form by apoptosis.
B) Mitosis of the cells is blocked.
C) The cells die by apoptosis.
D) Meiosis of the cells is blocked.
E) The cells become part of the fingers.

Question 34

The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A) interphase-prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase-cytokinesis.
B) interphase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase.
C) prophase-anaphase-metaphase-telophase.
D) interphase-prophase-cytokinesis-anaphase-telophase.
E) metaphase-anaphase-interphase-prophase-telophase-cytokinesis.

Question 35

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is

A) metaphase.
B) prophase.
C) interphase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 36

In the section "Investigating Life: Evolutionary Strategies in the Race Against Cancer," scientists studied the effects of adaptive cancer therapies on tumors in mice. What is the dependent variable in this study?

A) Volume of the tumor in humans.
B) Skipped doses.
C) Standard therapy.
D) Declining doses.
E) Volume of the tumor in mice.

Question 37

The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is

A) prophase.
B) anaphase.
C) interphase.
D) metaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 38

The component of the cytoskeleton that attaches to the chromosomes to separate them during anaphase is the

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) centromere.
C) centrosome.
D) mitotic spindle.
E) kinetochore.

Question 39

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' ATGTGCC 3' the complementary strand of DNA will read

A) 3' ATGTGCC 5'.
B) 3' TACACGG 5'.
C) 3' UACACGG 5'.
D) 3' CGTGTAA 5'.
E) 3' GGCACAT 5'.

Question 40

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is

A) interphase.
B) metaphase.
C) prophase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 41

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and mitosis?

A) Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
B) Both result in genetically identical cells.
C) Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
D) Both result in two daughter cells.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 42

Exposure to UV radiation from the sun can increase the risk of cancer.

Question 43

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The plant cell in the image labeled "A" is in the cell cycle stage

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) anaphase.
D) telophase.
E) metaphase.

Question 44

Some risk of cancer comes from genetic issues.

Question 45

Each newly replicated molecule of DNA contains one strand from the original DNA molecule.

Question 46

During cytokinesis of a plant cell,the cell divides by forming a cleavage furrow.

Question 47

If you wanted to lower your chances of lung cancer,what would be the best factor to avoid?

A) human papillomavirus
B) UV radiation
C) dietary saturated fat
D) tobacco use
E) All answers are correct.

Question 48

In the section "Investigating Life: Evolutionary Strategies in the Race Against Cancer," what did the researchers conclude?

A) Standard therapy led to the smallest tumors.
B) Skipped dose therapy led to the smallest tumors.
C) Declining dose therapy led to the smallest tumors.
D) Standard, skipped and declining dose therapy all led to the small tumors.
E) Standard, skipped and declining dose therapy were not effective in treating tumors.

Question 49

Adaptive therapy aims to combat ________ amongst cancer cells that leads to tumor growth continuing even after therapy treatments.

A) cooperation
B) camoflauge
C) colegiality
D) competition
E) cohesiveness

Question 50

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and meiosis?

A) Both result in genetically identical cells.
B) Both result in one daughter cell.
C) Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
D) Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following does not increase the risk for developing cancer?

A) vigorous exercise
B) poor diet
C) obesity
D) sun exposure
E) tobacco

Question 52

Bacteria and archaeans do not receive new genetic material from binary fission,but from mutations and gene transfers.

Question 53

If a cancer metastasizes,its cells travel through the blood stream and colonize other areas of the body.

Question 54

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The plant cell in the image labeled "D" is in the cell cycle stage

A) metaphase.
B) anaphase.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.
E) interphase.

Question 55

An asexual process used by prokaryotes in which replicated DNA and other cell parts are distributed into two daughter cells is called

A) mitosis.
B) binary fusion.
C) daughter cell duplication.
D) binary fission.
E) conjugation.

Question 56

Which is a common cause of cervical cancer?

A) human papillomavirus
B) UV radiation
C) dietary saturated fat
D) tobacco use
E) All answers are correct.

Question 57

Binary fission produces ________ cells,mitosis produces ________ cells,and meiosis produces ________ cells.

A) prokaryotic; eukaryotic body; eukaryotic sex
B) genetic; body; sex
C) eukaryotic; prokaryotic body; prokaryotic sex
D) genetically different; genetically identical; genetically different
E) genetically identical; genetically different; genetically identical

Question 58

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The plant cell in the image labeled "B" is in the cell cycle stage

A) interphase.
B) telophase.
C) anaphase.
D) metaphase.
E) prophase.

Question 59

During the cell cycle there are several checkpoints that ensure that the cell cycle is proceeding correctly.

Question 60

An abnormal mass of tissue is a tumor.

Question 61

A mutation in a gene controlling a cell cycle checkpoint could pose a significant risk of cancer.

Question 62

Semiconservative DNA replication comes from the basepairing that is part of the basic structure of the DNA double helix.

Question 63

Apoptosis could be used to protect an organism against 

A) excessive DNA damage.
B) excess fat in the diet.
C) allergens.
D) a family history of cancer.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 64

Apoptosis could explain the death of lines of cells in palm leaves that lead to separate "fingers" in the structure of those leaves.

Question 65

Apoptosis could be used to limit the spread of an intracellular disease-causing agent by isolating it with dead cells.

Question 66

No real risk of cancer comes from an organism's environment.