Deck 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Question 1

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by ________.

A)syngamy
B)binary fission
C)meiosis
D)mitosis

Answer 1

D

Question 2

How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex?

A)99.9%
B)99.5%
C)90%
D)78%

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated.How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nuclei?

A)46
B)92
C)184
D)It varies depending on gender.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which process specifically refers to a cell physically dividing into two cells?

A)Mitosis
B)Cytokinesis
C)Interphase
D)Meiosis

Question 5

What causes the furrow during cleavage?

A)It is a depression caused by the formation of a new cell wall.
B)A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two.
C)Connecting proteins that had been binding adjacent cells together now dissolve.
D)A loss of water occurs.

Question 6

Of the choices listed,which is the best indicator of the complexity of the organism?

A)Ploidy number
B)Number of chromosomes
C)Number of genes
D)Number of homologs

Question 7

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

A)Interphase
B)Mitosis
C)Meiosis
D)Cytokinesis

Question 8

The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.

A)indifferent
B)identical
C)parsimonious
D)unique

Question 9

Where is the original interphase cell that began mitosis once mitosis has been completed and the daughter cells have been formed?

A)It no longer exists.
B)It is adjacent to the daughter cells.
C)It is now one of the daughter cells.
D)It is still in its original location.

Question 10

Name the part of the chromosome indicated by the arrow.

A)Sister chromatid
B)Gene
C)Centromere
D)Mitotic spindle

Question 11

How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?

A)2
B)23
C)24
D)46

Question 12

A single,continuous molecule of DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.

A)centromere
B)gene
C)chromosome
D)genome

Question 13

Upon fertilization,the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n)________.

A)zygote
B)gamete
C)embryo
D)gonad

Question 14

Many viruses use RNA,not DNA,as their genetic material.Is the statement "All life on Earth uses DNA as the genetic material" still accurate?

A)Yes,RNA and DNA are two terms used to describe the same thing.
B)Yes,viruses are not considered living things.
C)Yes,viruses use their RNA to make DNA when needed for division.
D)No,living viruses without DNA contradict the statement.

Question 15

When does the cell plate form during cell division?

A)In the middle of animal cell mitosis
B)In the middle of plant cell mitosis
C)At the completion of animal cell mitosis
D)At the completion of plant cell mitosis

Question 16

What type of cells undergo mitosis?

A)Bacterial cells
B)Gametes
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

A)Nuclear membrane dissolves,chromosomes line up,chromosomes split,nuclear membrane forms
B)Nuclear membrane forms,chromosomes line up,chromosomes split,nuclear membrane dissolves
C)Chromosomes line up,nuclear membrane forms,nuclear membrane dissolves,chromosomes split
D)Chromosomes split,nuclear membrane dissolves,nuclear membrane forms,chromosomes line up

Question 18

How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis?

A)0
B)23
C)46
D)92

Question 19

What are attached at the centromere?

A)Homologous chromosomes
B)Sister chromatids
C)Daughter cells
D)Genomes

Question 20

By what means does a zygote divide?

A)Syngamy
B)Binary fission
C)Meiosis
D)Mitosis

Question 21

If your grandparents were in the F₁ generation,what generation are you?

A)F₃
B)H₃
C)P
D)P₃

Question 22

When does crossing over occur?

A)Cytokinesis I
B)Cytokinesis II
C)Meiosis I
D)Meiosis II

Question 23

If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes,how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell?

A)3
B)2)5
C)2
D)1)5

Question 24

What is different between two alleles of the same gene?

A)Their location.For example,one allele might be at the end of one chromosome while the other allele is in the middle of another chromosome.
B)The chromosome number they are on.For example,one allele might be on chromosome 12 while the other one is on chromosome 3.
C)Their base sequence.For example,one allele might have the base sequence AGGTCTGA while the other has the base sequence GGTCTGT.
D)The cell they are in.For example,one might be in a liver cell while the other is in a blood cell.

Question 25

A true-breeding milk chocolate Easter bunny is crossed with a true-breeding dark chocolate Easter bunny.Assuming dark chocolate is dominant over milk chocolate and the traits segregate according to Mendelian genetics,which traits will the offspring express?

A)3 Dark to 1 Milk
B)3 Milk to 1 Dark
C)All Milk
D)All Dark

Question 26

What leads to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes?

A)Crossing over
B)Independent assortment
C)Homologous recombination
D)Nondisjunction

Question 27

Somatic cells are ________.

A)haploid (n)
B)haploid (2n)
C)diploid (n)
D)diploid (2n)

Question 28

What produces four daughter cells?

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 29

If mitosis makes somatic cells,what does meiosis make?

A)Sex cells
B)Gonads
C)Homologs
D)Body cells

Question 30

When does homologous recombination occur?

A)Cytokinesis I
B)Cytokinesis II
C)Meiosis I
D)Meiosis II

Question 31

What begins with a haploid cell?

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 32

How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a Down syndrome female who also suffered from Turner syndrome?

A)44
B)45
C)46
D)47

Question 33

The tall allele is dominant and the dwarf allele is recessive.What is the abbreviation for the dwarf allele?

A)T
B)t
C)D
D)d

Question 34

If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II,how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II?

A)6
B)12
C)18
D)24

Question 35

What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes?

A)Jacob's syndrome
B)Down syndrome
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Turner syndrome

Question 36

Is an individual with the XXY combination of chromosomes anatomically male or female?

A)Male
B)Female

Question 37

What is the gender of the person indicated in the photograph?

A)Male
B)Female
C)Cannot be determined

Question 38

When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described?

A)Its phenotype
B)Its haplotype
C)Its karyotype
D)Its genotype

Question 39

What produces genetically unique daughter cells?

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 40

What involves a single duplication phase of its chromosomes?

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 41

What is Dawn's allele combination?

A)NN
B)Nn
C)nn
D)Cannot be determined

Question 42

Which type of gene expression typically generates a continuum (spectrum)of varying phenotypes?

A)Pleiotropy
B)Polygenic
C)Epistasis
D)Single-gene traits

Question 43

Assuming incomplete dominance,if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant,what will be the color of the offspring?

A)Red
B)White
C)Pink
D)Red and white

Question 44

When does one allele alter another allele?

A)Mitosis
B)Meiosis I
C)Meiosis II
D)Never

Question 45

Define Mendel's law of independent assortment.

A)The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.
B)Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.
C)The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.
D)There are two versions of each trait,a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

Question 46

What was the probability that Deirdre and Geoff's first child would be a girl and express the albino trait?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)1/8
D)3/4

Question 47

A common form of chemotherapy used to kill cancer cells is to administer drugs that disrupt cell division.Why might this also result in anemia,hair falling out,and sores in the stomach and on the skin?

Question 48

A test cross is performed to determine if a specific individual is a carrier.The results generate a 50/50 phenotypic ratio.The test subject was therefore ________.

A)heterozygous
B)homozygous dominant
C)homozygous recessive
D)heterozygous dominant

Question 49

What is Bill's allele combination?

A)NN
B)Nn
C)nn
D)Cannot be determined

Question 50

What is Deirdre's phenotype?

A)nn
B)Albino
C)Normal
D)Cannot be determined

Question 51

The following F₁ cross is made: BBGg × Bbgg.Which is not a possible outcome in the F₂ generation?

A)BbGg
B)BbGG
C)BBgg
D)BBGg

Question 52

How could an embryonic stem cell be used to repair a severed spine?

A)Embryonic stem cells secrete proteins that repair all other cell types,including nerve cells.
B)Embryonic stem cells can grow into any other cell type,including a nerve cell.
C)Embryonic stem cells can cause any other cell type to multiply.
D)Embryonic stem cells are primarily involved with neural growth and development.

Question 53

Would a human clone have a bellybutton?

A)Yes
B)No

Question 54

Assuming codominance,if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant,what will be the color of the offspring?

A)Red
B)White
C)Pink
D)Red and white

Question 55

Recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y are more common in ________.

A)children
B)adults
C)females
D)males

Question 56

Assuming complete dominance,what is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?

A)4:1
B)1:1
C)3:1
D)1:2:1

Question 57

What is Geoff's allele combination?

A)NN
B)Nn
C)nn
D)Cannot be determined

Question 58

If genes are described as "sex linked," then they are ________.

A)typically on the X chromosome
B)typically on the Y chromosome
C)located next to one another
D)expressed only in women or only in men

Question 59

In a dihybrid cross involving two autosomal traits on different chromosomes in which the parentals are purebred for the opposite forms of both traits,how many of the offspring would be expected to be homozygous recessive for both traits?

A)1 out of 16
B)3 out of 16
C)6 out of 16
D)9 out of 16

Question 60

Genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together.These are called ________.

A)nonsegregated genes
B)joined genes
C)fused genes
D)linked genes

Question 61

Which phase of meiosis is most similar to mitosis and why?

Question 62

Why are individuals with Turner syndrome always female and individuals with Klinefelter syndrome always male?