Deck 6: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Question 1

Many people with obsessive-compulsive disorder also have another disorder.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Excoriation is an anxiety disorder.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Trichotillomania is an obsessive-compulsive related disorder.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Overimportance of thoughts is an example of a faulty appraisal that may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 5

Obsessions are repetitive actions a person performs to calm themselves down.

Question 6

Body dysmorphic disorder is classified as a body-focused repetitive behaviour disorder.

Question 7

OCD is diagnosed when obsessions interfere with normal functioning.

Question 8

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is more common than most anxiety disorders.

Question 9

Compulsive checking may be caused by memory deficits.

Question 10

Exposure with response prevention is the most widely used treatment for OCD.

Question 11

Obsessive-compulsive disorder was considered an anxiety disorder in DSM-IV-TR.

Question 12

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is rarely misdiagnosed because the symptoms are clear.

Question 13

Individual's with body dysmorphic disorder are often satisfied with results of cosmetic surgery.

Question 14

Hoarding disorder is a type of anxiety disorder.

Question 15

People with hoarding disorder are obsessed with acquiring possessions.

Question 16

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is considered an anxiety disorder in DSM-5.

Question 17

Medication is often used in the treatment of hoarding disorder.

Question 18

Body dysmorphic disorder is more common in women.

Question 19

Adler believed that OCD was the result of fixation at the anal stage.

Question 20

Virtual reality exposure is the standard treatment for OCD.

Question 21

In people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, engaging in the compulsion:

A)Increases anxiety
B)Reduces anxiety
C)Neither increases nor decreases anxiety
D)Increases anxiety in the subset of OCD patients with high anxiety sensitivity

Question 22

According to Rachman (2002), the 3 "multipliers" that increase the intensity and frequency of compulsive checking include the following EXCEPT:

A)Lack of control over the environment
B)A sense of personal responsibility
C)The probability of harm if checking not done
D)The predicted seriousness of harm

Question 23

Which of the following is an obsession?

A)Repeatedly checking that the water is turned off.
B)Humming a tune over and over.
C)Recurring fear that one is giving others illnesses when they actually are not.
D)Excessive worry over finances.

Question 24

Which of the following is a compulsion?

A)Persistent fear of getting dirty
B)Persistent doubts about whether the stove was turned off that morning
C)Persistent checking for one's keys
D)Persistent thoughts about harming one's spouse

Question 25

Cognitive biases may exist for people with OCD with __________ concerns.

A)contamination
B)religious
C)checking
D)aggressive

Question 26

What diagnosis is most appropriate for Nicole? She is constantly concerned with symmetry, often spending hours arranging items in her room so that the room appears even on the left and right. She also feels that when she eats, the items on the plate must be arranged symmetrically. All of this effort interferes with her work.

A)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)Body dysmorphic disorder
C)Generalized anxiety disorder
D)Excoriation

Question 27

Several Canadian researchers have found that people with _________ tend to think too much about thinking per se (meta-cognition).

A)posttraumatic stress disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)All of the above

Question 28

If an obsession is "ego-dystonic", the person believes that the obsession:

A)Is due to his or her own behaviour
B)Is inconsistent with his or her self-definition
C)Is a way of satisfying the id
D)Is being controlled entirely by his or her id

Question 29

In studying the hypothesis that individuals with OCD have memory deficits, Cuttler and Graf (2009)identified retrospective memory as:

A)The ability to remember recent events and experiences
B)The ability to look forward and to remember at the right time or place to perform an intended action
C)The ability to remember recent events and to remember to perform an intended action
D)The ability to remember having performed compulsive activities

Question 30

Jan has obsessive-compulsive disorder. He is _________ to have another disorder, too.

A)less likely than anyone else
B)more likely than anyone else
C)as likely as anyone else
D)destined

Question 31

Intrusive, irrational and unwanted thoughts are called

A)irrational beliefs.
B)generalized anxiety.
C)obsessions.
D)compulsions.

Question 32

Pierre avoids using public transportation because when he does, he cannot stop thinking about touching the breasts of the women around him. His obsession is best described as a:

A)Contamination obsession
B)Violent obsession
C)Religious obsession
D)Sexual obsession

Question 33

Canadian comedian Howie Mandel refuses to shake hands with people he meets because of fears of being contaminated. Howie suffers from:

A)Hypochondriasis
B)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Excoriation
D)Social phobia

Question 34

Research by Masellis, Rector, and Richter (2003)on obsessive-compulsive disorder indicates that a poorer quality of life is predicted by the severity of:

A)Compulsions
B)Obsessions
C)Checking
D)None of the above

Question 35

Jeanie often finds herself thinking about all the germs she's been exposed to, but she doesn't take any action. Jeanie most likely:

A)Has OCD
B)Is a germaphobe
C)Is normal
D)Needs to wash her hands

Question 36

Most compulsions are viewed as ______________ by the person performing them.

A)pleasurable
B)rational
C)absurd
D)anxiety provoking

Question 37

Which of the following is the best example of a clinical compulsion?

A)Stan, who is unable to control his urge to gamble despite being near bankruptcy
B)Brian, who cannot stop himself from drinking once he starts
C)Rhonda, who eats continuously, even when she is not hungry
D)Eleanor, who must wash her hands seven times before eating to prevent food poisoning

Question 38

Felix feels the urge to turn a light switch on and off 12 times before leaving a room. This would be referred to as

A)an irrational belief.
B)generalized anxiety.
C)an obsession.
D)a compulsion.

Question 39

Dr. Fisher identifies as a behaviourist. As such, she thinks compulsions are:

A)Anxiety provoking
B)Biologically caused
C)Quirky
D)Learned behaviours

Question 40

In verifying the hypothesis that individuals with OCD have memory deficits, Cuttler and Graf (2009)found the following:

A)Checkers and non-checkers show retrospective memory deficits
B)Checkers have deficits in prospective memory
C)The retrospective memory deficits hypothesis does not hold
D)All of the above

Question 41

Paul's mother has OCD. What is the likelihood that he will be diagnosed with it too?

A)Extremely unlikely
B)More likely than if his mother didn't have OCD
C)No more or less likely than if his mother didn't have OCD
D)Highly likely - virtually guaranteed

Question 42

In studying the hypothesis that individuals with OCD have memory deficits, Cuttler and Graf (2009)identified prospective memory as:

A)The ability to remember recent events and experiences
B)The ability to look forward and to remember at the right time or place to perform an intended action
C)The ability to remember recent events and to remember to perform an intended action
D)The ability to remember having performed compulsive activities

Question 43

Because only 40-60% of OCD sufferers do not respond to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), current research (Van Nieuwerburgh et al., 2009)is now concentrating on:

A)Genetic polymorphisms
B)Epinephrine and GABA
C)Dopamine polymorphisms
D)Dopamine and GABA

Question 44

The obsessive thought that "if I have unwanted thoughts of harming others, then I must be a latent psychopath", is an example of which type of 'faulty appraisal'?

A)Over-importance of thoughts
B)Thought-action fusion
C)Ego-dystonicity
D)Catastrophic misinterpretation of significance

Question 45

In thought-action fusion, the person with this characteristic blurs the distinction between:

A)The obsession and the compulsion
B)Thinking about an event and reacting as if it has occurred
C)The negative expression and the positive expression of emotional feelings
D)None of the above

Question 46

As compared to controls without OCD, people with OCD have been found to have impairment in

A)visual processing.
B)auditory processing.
C)task oriented behaviours.
D)executive function.

Question 47

A lot of OCD research has focused on which neurotransmitter?

A)GABA
B)Norepinephrine
C)Serotonin
D)Dopamine

Question 48

Rachman and his colleagues have identified the importance of thought-action fusion in OCD, which refers to:

A)Behaving as though one's thoughts have actually occurred
B)The belief that thinking about events will increase their likelihood
C)The belief that thinking something unpleasant is the same as doing it
D)All of the above

Question 49

Dysfunction in the ___________________ brain region has been linked to both OCD and Tourette's syndrome.

A)basal ganglia
B)corpus callosum
C)hypothalamus
D)cingulated gyrus

Question 50

A study of compulsive checkers (people who continually check to see if they have done something such as turning off the stove)found that these individuals

A)have a memory deficit for actions they have performed.
B)are likely to confront sources of threat.
C)are more likely to live alone.
D)have a vulnerability schema.

Question 51

Which of the following is the most widely used behavioural treatment for OCD?

A)Cognitive-behavioural therapy
B)Exposure and response prevention
C)Thought stoppage
D)Medication

Question 52

According to Clark's analysis of faulty appraisals that contribute to obsessions, people with obsessions overestimate:

A)The importance of thoughts
B)The importance of thought control
C)The degree of threat
D)All of the above

Question 53

Researchers trying to isolate a specific gene for OCD have found:

A)At least three genes that are directly linked to OCD
B)Several significant markers
C)Several interesting candidate genes
D)No genetic markers for OCD

Question 54

Adler viewed obsessive-compulsive disorder as due to:

A)Fixation in the anal stage
B)The content of the personal unconscious
C)A personal sense of incompetence and inferiority
D)A lack of social interest

Question 55

According to the psychoanalytic view, obsessive-compulsive disorder is a result of

A)fixation at the oral stage.
B)reawakened childhood Oedipal fears.
C)introjected anger.
D)struggles to control instinctual impulses.

Question 56

A strictly behavioural therapist treating Steve for contamination fear due to OCD would use which of the following interventions?

A)Have Steve meditate daily.
B)Have Steve challenge the idea it is necessary to be clean.
C)Have Steve purposely get dirty.
D)Have Steve say 'stop' to himself quietly when he feels he must wash.

Question 57

When presented with dirty items, Rauch et al. (1994)found that people with contamination fears resulting from OCD show increased regional blood flow to the:

A)Parietal lobe
B)Basal ganglia and frontal lobe
C)Hippocampus and amygdala
D)Locus ceruleus

Question 58

PET scan studies have found ___________ in patients diagnosed with OCD.

A)enlarged ventricles
B)decreased activation in the hippocampus
C)increased activation in the frontal lobes
D)enlarged motor cortex

Question 59

Izzy frequently feels that when he is driving, he accidently hit someone and left the scene of the accident. If Izzy was in treatment with a therapist who was Adlerian, the therapist would view his obsessions as

A)an attempt to repress unconscious impulses.
B)an inability to resolve a psychosexual stage.
C)an effort to gain mastery and competence.
D)a less severe form of thought disorder.

Question 60

The effectiveness of exposure with response prevention in the treatment of OCD is likely due to

A)resistance.
B)extinction.
C)modeling.
D)operant conditioning.

Question 61

According to Freeston and Ladouceur, an important fifth step in CBT for OCD is:

A)Exposure with response prevention
B)Challenging dysfunctional beliefs
C)Relapse prevention
D)Imaginary inference

Question 62

Theresa's therapist has suggested that she add a new component to her treatment for OCD. Based on recent research, which of these seems like the most likely recommendation?

A)Going to bed no later than midnight and waking no later than 7 am
B)Taking a serotonin based medication
C)Going to the gym three days a week
D)Going for a hike every weekend

Question 63

A last-resort treatment option for OCD is:

A)Cingulotomy
B)Deep brain stimulation
C)Electroconvulsive shock therapy
D)Lobotomy

Question 64

Dr. Watts is asking his patient with OCD what he truly fears. Dr. Watts is most likely a _____________ therapist.

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioural
C)cognitive
D)cognitive-behavioural

Question 65

Cingulotomy is a treatment method used on patients with OCD, and involves

A)removing the cingulate cortex.
B)destroying part of the cingulate gyrus.
C)destroying a small part of the white matter in the cingulum.
D)removing all grey matter in the corpus callosum.

Question 66

First-line medical treatment for OCD is:

A)Beta blockers
B)Anxiolytics
C)SSRIs
D)SNRIs

Question 67

Adding a cognitive component to ERP for OCD helps with

A)preventing the onset of OCD.
B)the client-therapist relationship.
C)eliminating dysfunctional beliefs.
D)restructuring the meaning of the obsession.

Question 68

Douglas believes that adding three shakes of pepper to all of his food will keep him from getting sick. A cognitive-behavioural therapist will focus mainly on

A)having Douglas remove all the pepper from his house so that he cannot put it on his food.
B)challenging Douglas's beliefs about pepper and illness.
C)having Douglas research whether pepper is an antimicrobial substance.
D)challenging Douglas to try eating without adding pepper to see if he does in fact get sick.

Question 69

People with hoarding disorder often have difficulty

A)stopping themselves from buying new things.
B)stopping themselves from accepting items from friends and family.
C)parting with possessions.
D)All of the above.

Question 70

Sarah called 9-1-1 when she became trapped under a box of decorations in her house. When help arrived, they could barely get to her due to an excess of clutter blocking most paths. Sarah most likely has:

A)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)Hoarding disorder
C)Excoriation
D)Trichotillomania

Question 71

One major advantage to advocating for exercise as part of treatment for mental health disorders is that

A)it's free.
B)therapists can free up their schedules.
C)it creates more jobs in the fitness industry.
D)All of the above.

Question 72

Jack's car collection is more like an "everything that could ever be affiliated with cars but isn't actually a car collection." His neighbours worry about the clutter, especially since there are many gasoline tanks lying around and twisted metal poking through the fence. His neighbours should

A)mind their own business - it's his yard, his problem.
B)ask Jack if he'd like help cleaning up his yard - he'll probably accept.
C)call the police to have them ticket Jack for having an unsightly yard.
D)ask for help for Jack - this is a sign of hoarding disorder.

Question 73

According to DSM-5, people with hoarding disorder have difficulty

A)stopping themselves from buying new things.
B)stopping themselves from accepting items from friends and family.
C)parting with possessions.
D)All of the above.

Question 74

Newer psychoanalytic approaches to treating OCD include

A)having the client identify repressed thoughts.
B)having the client identify fears.
C)helping the client learn to tolerate uncertainty.
D)helping the client learn to repress anxiety.

Question 75

One problem with SSRIs being first-line pharmacotherapy for OCD is

A)intolerable side effects.
B)lack of treatment response.
C)high cost.
D)people's unwillingness to take pills.

Question 76

Celine is a cognitively oriented therapist but when treating a patient with OCD, she incorporates which of the following approaches?

A)Psychoanalytic
B)Behavioural
C)Humanistic
D)Psychopharmacological

Question 77

The overall findings regarding treatment of OCD are that:

A)There is no difference between individual or group therapy
B)There is no difference between CBT and ERP
C)Medication and CBT together are no better than CBT and a placebo
D)All of the above

Question 78

Sam can't decide what type of treatment to seek for OCD. Your advice to him is to:

A)See a psychoanalyst
B)See a cognitive-behavioural therapist
C)See a medical doctor to get a prescription medication
D)Join a humanistic-based therapy group

Question 79

About how many people either drop out or are not successfully treated when seeking treatment for OCD?

A)Two-thirds
B)One-half
C)Two-fifths
D)One-quarter

Question 80

In a small study on adding exercise to CBT for OCD, the participants adherence rate was:

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%