Deck 7: The Assessment of Intelligence

Question 1

The consistency of scores across two alternative versions of a test is labeled

A) test-retest reliability.
B) equivalent forms reliability.
C) split-half reliability.
D) interrater reliability.

Answer 1

equivalent forms reliability.

Question 2

The internal consistency of an intelligence test is measured by calculating

A) split-half reliability.
B) interrater reliability.
C) test-retest reliability.
D) discriminant reliability.

Answer 2

split-half reliability.

Question 3

A test that is supposed to measure overall intelligence includes only mathematical questions.This test clearly lacks __________ validity.

A) content
B) discriminant
C) predictive
D) concurrent

Answer 3

content

Question 4

According to Spearman,"g"

A) does not exist.
B) stands for "good" overall intelligence, which roughly translates to scores that are above average.
C) represents general intelligence.
D) is one of the seven primary types of intelligence.

Question 5

Guilford argued that intelligence could be organized into three dimensions: __________.

A) operations, contents, and products
B) verbal, nonverbal, and performance
C) componential, experiential, and contextual
D) verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and speed of processing

Question 6

The definition of intelligence that has been universally accepted

A) equates intelligence with the ability to adapt to the environment.
B) equates intelligence with the ability to learn, or "educability."
C) equates intelligence with the ability to think abstractly or symbolically.
D) does not yet exist.

Question 7

Joel has high innate intellectual ability; his brother James is more "book smart," excelling at school.Using the terms from Cattell's theory of intelligence,we would say that Joel has __________ and James has __________.

A) high crystallized intelligence; high fluid intelligence
B) high fluid intelligence; high crystallized intelligence
C) low crystallized intelligence; low fluid intelligence
D) low fluid intelligence; low crystallized intelligence

Question 8

In evaluating the reliability of an intelligence test,Dr.Xavier computes __________,which is the average of all possible __________ correlations for the test.

A) Pearson's r; split-half
B) Cronbach's alpha; significant
C) Cronbach's alpha; split-half
D) Pearson's r; significant

Question 9

In general,the __________ of an intelligence test is the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure.

A) utility
B) validity
C) reliability
D) significance

Question 10

__________ is a measure of what one has already learned.

A) Achievement
B) Ability
C) Adeptness
D) Aptitude

Question 11

By the 1960s,many individuals and groups were criticizing intelligence tests for what reason?

A) They believed the tests were too easy, and were producing inflated scores.
B) They believed that measuring intelligence was not a worthwhile pursuit.
C) They believed that some test items were unfair and discriminated against certain groups.
D) They believe that the tests were measuring talent, rather than intelligence per se.

Question 12

In comparison to traditional approaches,recent approaches to the definition of intelligence have emphasized

A) strategies of processing.
B) speed of processing.
C) culture-dependent learning.
D) more than one of the above

Question 13

Dr.Vorst has created a new intelligence test,and the research conducted to date suggests that the items on the test are highly intercorrelated (i.e.,they are measuring the same thing).Another way to say this is that Dr.Vorst's test has high __________ reliability.

A) internal consistency
B) item-quotient
C) interrater
D) test-retest

Question 14

Dr.Richards has developed the Wide-Range Intelligence Test (WRIT).All but which of the following would suggest that this instrument has good validity?

A) Scores on the WRIT during junior high are strongly correlated with high school rank years later.
B) Scores on the WRIT are not correlated with current measures of self-esteem.
C) Scores on the WRIT correlate negatively with current measures of extraversion.
D) The WRIT contains items that tap into all of the recognized domains of intelligence.

Question 15

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the assessment of reliability?

A) Equivalent forms reliability is used to avoid the problems with test-retest reliability.
B) Equivalent forms reliability is used to avoid the problems with split-half reliability.
C) Test-retest reliability is used to avoid the problems with equivalent forms reliability.
D) Test-retest reliability is used to avoid the problems with split-half reliability.

Question 16

In 1994,Hernstein and Murray published a controversial book called The Bell Curve.Why was this book so controversial?

A) The authors questioned the effectiveness of Head Start programs for disadvantaged youth.
B) The authors recommended an overhaul of affirmative action policies.
C) The authors argued that intelligence is the most important predictor of many positive and negative outcomes.
D) all of the above

Question 17

With regard to psychological tests,reliability is most synonymous with

A) cultural sensitivity.
B) consistency.
C) accuracy.
D) validity.

Question 18

If an intelligence test administered to 6ᵗʰ graders correlates strongly with the high school GPAs of these students,it can be concluded that the test has high __________ validity.

A) concurrent
B) predictive
C) construct
D) none of the above

Question 19

If an intelligence test administered to 4ᵗʰ graders correlates strongly with their 4ᵗʰ grade teachers' estimates of their intelligence,it can be concluded that the test has high __________ validity.

A) concurrent
B) predictive
C) construct
D) none of the above

Question 20

The Mismeasure of Man is a critique of

A) early "mental ability" tests written by Alfred Binet.
B) Binet's approach to intelligence testing written by David Wechsler.
C) the intelligence testing of females written by Gloria Steinem.
D) intelligence testing written by Stephen J. Gould.

Question 21

In the most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test,the examinee's starting point for the subtests is determined by

A) the examinee's grade level.
B) the examinee's average school performance, across subjects.
C) the examinee's scores on subtests of verbal and nonverbal ability.
D) the examinee's age.

Question 22

What is the purpose of the reversal items on the WAIS-IV?

A) They assess examinees' ability to "undo" various mathematical operations in their heads.
B) They assess the speed with which examinees are able to break physical objects down into their component parts.
C) both of the above
D) They reduce the number of items examinees must complete that are well below their ability levels.

Question 23

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is an accurate statement regarding the influence of genes and environment on intelligence?

A) When the environment is similar for everyone, observed differences in intelligence are more accountable to genetic factors.
B) Even strongly genetically determined traits, like intelligence, can be influenced by environmental factors.
C) To date, psychosocial interventions have been very effective in improving IQ scores.
D) The heritability of intelligence does not appear to be stable across the life span.

Question 24

Recent estimates of the percentage of IQ variance associated with genetic factors range from approximately __________%.

A) 10-30
B) 0-5
C) 50-80
D) 85-100

Question 25

Which of the following was developed first?

A) the original Stanford-Binet test
B) the original Wechsler test for adults
C) the original Wechsler test for children
D) the original Wechsler memory test

Question 26

Most studies comparing the overall intelligence of males and females conclude that

A) males are significantly more intelligent, overall.
B) females are significantly more intelligent, overall.
C) no significant differences exist in overall intelligence.
D) no significant differences exist in either overall or specific intellectual abilities.

Question 27

Petunia is 54; her daughter Daisy is 32; and her granddaughter Rose is 4.For which of these individuals is intelligence most heavily influenced by environmental factors?

A) Petunia
B) Daisy
C) Rose
D) The intelligence of all three is equally influenced by environmental factors.

Question 28

The ratio IQ equals __________ times 100.

A) mental age
B) mental age minus chronological age
C) mental age divided by chronological age
D) chronological age divided by mental age

Question 29

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate based on behavior genetics studies of intelligence?

A) In general, the more closely related two biological relatives, the more similar their levels of intelligence.
B) In general, the intelligence of biological relatives reared together is more similar than the intelligence of biological relatives reared apart.
C) In general, the intelligence of nonbiological relatives reared together is more similar than the intelligence of nonbiological relatives reared apart.
D) In general, identical twins reared together are perfectly concordant for intelligence.

Question 30

Reliability and validity data obtained for the Stanford-Binet 5ᵗʰ Edition suggest that it is generally

A) reliable and valid.
B) reliable but invalid.
C) valid but unreliable.
D) neither reliable nor valid.

Question 31

On the WAIS-IV,the average IQ score is

A) 50.
B) 100.
C) 150.
D) none of the above

Question 32

The correlation between IQ scores and grades in school is approximately

A) .85.
B) .50.
C) 0.
D) -.25.

Question 33

The concept of deviation IQ scores

A) was introduced by Wechsler.
B) assumes that intelligence is normally distributed throughout the population.
C) was introduced to address the fact that ratio IQ declines with age, even when mental abilities remain stable.
D) all of the above

Question 34

ALL BUT WHICH of the following circumstances would suggest a significant genetic influence in the appearance of a characteristic like intelligence?

A) A twin study finds higher concordance rates for MZ twin pairs than for DZ twin pairs.
B) A twin study finds similar concordance rates for MZ twins reared together and MZ twins reared apart.
C) A twin study finds similar concordance rates for DZ twins reared together and DZ twins reared apart.
D) All of the above suggest a significant genetic influence.

Question 35

IQ scores tend to be more stable over time for __________ than for __________.

A) adults; children
B) children; adults
C) males; females
D) females; males

Question 36

The most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test was published in the

A) 1970s.
B) 1980s.
C) 1990s.
D) 2000s.

Question 37

IQ scores have the weakest correlation with which of the following?

A) occupational status as defined by income
B) success after gaining entry to a profession
C) grades in school
D) occupational status as defined by social prestige

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Hispanic Americans tend to obtain significantly lower IQ scores than White Americans.
B) African Americans tend to obtain significantly lower IQ scores than White Americans.
C) After puberty, males tend to score significantly higher than women on tests of quantitative ability.
D) all of the above

Question 39

What is meant by the term "the Flynn effect"?

A) the observation that the average IQ of successive generations is declining
B) the observation that the average IQ of successive generations is increasing
C) the observation that people's verbal intelligence is increasing, while their spatial intelligence is decreasing
D) the observation that people's spatial intelligence is increasing, while their verbal intelligence is decreasing

Question 40

Charlotte is attending a school that not only focuses on the three Rs (reading,writing,and arithmetic),but also instructs students with regard to music,language,spatial ability,bodily movement,self-knowledge,the understanding of others,and the understanding of nature.It sounds as if this school is based on whose theory of intelligence?

A) Gardner
B) Guilford
C) Sternberg
D) Cattell

Question 41

A clinical psychologist assessing the intelligence of an 8-year-old client with a Wechsler test should use the

A) WAIS-IV.
B) WMS-IV.
C) WISC-IV.
D) WPPSI-III.

Question 42

Randall has been referred for IQ testing,and on the basis of his performance,the examiner determines that he has a full-scale IQ of 104.Which of the following is a safe assertion to make on this basis alone?

A) Randall possesses roughly average verbal comprehension skills.
B) Randall possesses roughly average perceptual reasoning skills.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 43

Briefly compare and contrast the Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition.

Question 44

What types of reliability are most relevant to the evaluation of intelligence tests? Explain what is meant by each.

Question 45

Briefly compare and contrast the theories of intelligence posited by Spearman and Cattell.

Question 46

Based upon the body of IQ data available,between 30 and 80% of IQ variance is due to genetic factors.What does this mean about the influence of environmental factors on IQ?

Question 47

Identify at least two factors that may lead to poor test-retest reliability of intelligence tests.How might this reliability problem be remedied?

Question 48

A person whose lowest WAIS-IV subtest scores are Picture Completion,Block Design,and Matrix Reasoning most clearly has a relative weakness in

A) long-term memory.
B) verbal comprehension.
C) perceptual reasoning.
D) mathematical ability.

Question 49

How does age influence the stability of IQ scores? How does the heritability of IQ vary with age?

Question 50

Erika is referred for IQ testing,and she performs exceptionally well on the Arithmetic,Digit Span,and Letter-Number Sequencing subtests.Based on this information alone,we could assert that Erika has a relative strength with regard to

A) mathematical ability.
B) working memory.
C) processing speed.
D) none of the above

Question 51

Initial factor analyses on the WISC-IV suggest that the WISC-IV has a __________-factor structure.

A) two
B) four
C) eight
D) sixteen

Question 52

Identify at least three distinct types of stylistic appraisal that an intelligence test administrator might make from observing an examinee during testing.

Question 53

The Index Scores of the WAIS-IV,representing the major ability factors that underlie the subtest scores,are

A) Comprehension, Picture Completion, Letter-Number Sequencing, and Cancellation.
B) Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed.
C) Verbal Processing Speed and Nonverbal Processing Speed.
D) Verbal and Performance.

Question 54

The WAIS-IV consists of __________ subtests.

A) 3
B) 8
C) 15
D) 24

Question 55

In real clinical settings,intelligence tests are frequently used to

A) estimate overall intelligence.
B) predict academic success.
C) appraise learning/problem-solving style.
D) all of the above

Question 56

Which of the following statements regarding WAIS-IV subtests is FALSE?

A) The Vocabulary subtest contributes to the Verbal Comprehension Index Score.
B) The Coding subtest contributes to the Processing Speed Index Score
C) The Matrix Reasoning subtest contributes to the Perceptual Reasoning Index Score.
D) none of the above

Question 57

How do the theories of intelligence developed since the 1980s differ from those that preceded them?

Question 58

__________ is a WAIS-IV subtest that measures short-term memory and attention.

A) Digit Span
B) Symbol Search
C) Similarities
D) Comprehension

Question 59

Briefly describe the four index scores of the WAIS-IV.What general type of ability does each refer to?

Question 60

How did changes in educational policy during the late 19th century influence the measurement of intelligence?