Deck 9: Screening

Question 1

During a screening, a test with a high specificity and low sensitivity is utilized.Which of the following issues could arise by using this test?

A)Ethical issues
B)Race issues
C)Gender issues
D)Cultural issues

Answer 1

Ethical issues

Question 2

A nurse is creating a hypertension screening program.Which of the following methods would be the best way to design a successful program?

A)Work with stakeholders to conduct a community assessment.
B)Purchase state-of-the-art sphygmomanometers to measure blood pressures.
C)Use the program developed at a previous place of employment.
D)Contact a local church to see if the program can be implemented there.

Answer 2

Work with stakeholders to conduct a community assessment.

Question 3

Which of the following is a disadvantage of screening?

A)Uncertainties of scientific evidence
B)Negative patient perception
C)Some tests have high sensitivity and high specificity
D)Lack of patient autonomy

Answer 3

Uncertainties of scientific evidence

Question 4

A nurse is using a sweat test to screen people for cystic fibrosis.Which of the following results demonstrates poor sensitivity?

A)When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are negative, but the six individuals actually have cystic fibrosis.
B)When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are positive, but the six individuals do not actually have cystic fibrosis.
C)When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are negative, and the six individuals really do not have cystic fibrosis.
D)When 6 out of every 10 sweat tests performed are positive, and the six individuals really do have cystic fibrosis.

Question 5

The proportion of people with a condition who correctly test positive when screened is known as

A)sensitivity.
B)specificity.
C)validity.
D)efficacy.

Question 6

The nurse is examining the ability of a phenylketonuria (PKU) screening test to distinguish correctly between newborns who have and who do not have the disease.Which of the following measures of accuracy of the instrument is being evaluated?

A)Sensitivity
B)Specificity
C)Validity
D)Efficacy

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a screenable population for hypertension?

A)High school students
B)Professional hockey players
C)High-level business executives attending an annual conference
D)Cardiac rehabilitation clients

Question 8

Which type of cases tends to be expressed in terms of incidence?

A)Chronic conditions
B)Acute conditions
C)Diseases which target primarily children
D)Conditions where full recovery is expected

Question 9

Which of the following analyses is used to determine the optimal use of resources to reach a predetermined constant end-point or the desired health outcome?

A)Cost-benefit ratio analysis
B)Cost-effectiveness analysis
C)Cost-efficiency analysis
D)Cost-disease analysis

Question 10

A nurse is planning to offer a depression screening at a local community center.Which of the following should be considered prior to implementation of the program?

A)Limited referral sources in the community
B)Limited support groups in the community
C)Insufficient evidence that depression screening tools are cost-effective
D)Insufficient evidence mental health screening is appropriate

Question 11

Researchers are studying a particular disease which occurs among Americans at a rate of 36 per 100 annually.What type of rate is this statement describing?

A)Prevalence rate
B)Incidence rate
C)Morbidity rate
D)Mortality rate

Question 12

A nurse determined the interobserver reliability of a blood pressure reading.Which of the following describes the method that was used by the nurse?

A)Blood pressure readings of 124/82 were obtained two days in a row by two different nurses.
B)Three consecutive blood pressure readings of 124/82 were obtained by the same nurse.
C)Blood pressure readings of 124/82 in the right arm and 124/82 in the left arm were obtained.
D)A blood pressure reading of 124/82 was obtained immediately followed by another blood pressure reading of 147/92.

Question 13

Which represents a disadvantage of screening?

A)Utilization of group screening methods
B)Utilization of multiple test screening
C)Utilization of a test with high specificity
D)Utilization of a test with low sensitivity

Question 14

A nurse is examining the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of colon cancer in the community.Which of the following measures of life is being investigated?

A)Quality adjusted life year (QALY)
B)Quantity of life
C)Disability adjusted life year (DALY)
D)Satisfaction of life

Question 15

An occupational health nurse is planning a cholesterol screening with the employees at the factory.Which of the following would be an advantage of conducting this screening?

A)Allows for the beginning of a multiple test screening process
B)Provides an opportunity for health education
C)Allows for preliminary diagnosis of coronary artery disease
D)Provides the opportunity for a referral to a physician

Question 16

A nurse is educating a group of community members about how hypertension screening is effective in reducing the rate of cardiovascular disease, thus reducing the expenses that are spent on management of this disease.Which of the following ratios is being described?

A)Cost-disease analysis
B)Cost-efficiency analysis
C)Cost-benefit ratio analysis
D)Cost-effectiveness analysis

Question 17

A nurse is implementing a test that screens for hypercholesterolemia.Which of the following parameters should this test have?

A)No cutoff point
B)Low cutoff point
C)Intermediate cutoff point
D)High cutoff point

Question 18

The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) has been said to have excellent test specificity.What does this statement mean?

A)Rarely identifies children who have developmental delays.
B)Rarely identifies children who do not actually have developmental delays.
C)Has a large number of false positive results.
D)Has a large number of false negative results.

Question 19

A nurse is assessing a low-income population in a community.Which of the following would be most appropriate for this population?

A)HIV screening
B)Blood pressure screening
C)Colorectal cancer screening
D)Breast cancer mammography screening

Question 20

Which is an example of asymptomatic pathogenesis?

A)Blood pressure of 170/98 experiencing headaches
B)Positive finding on colonoscopy and blood in his or her stool
C)Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
D)Elevated TSH who is always tired

Question 21

A nurse is assessing a community and is trying to determine the appropriateness of conducting a Type 2 diabetes screening in the community.Which of the following questions would the nurse need to answer when making this decision? (Select all that apply.)

A)Is Type 2 diabetes considered a community problem?
B)What are the health benefits of screening for Type 2 diabetes?
C)Can Type 2 diabetes be detected by screening?
D)What are the tangible and intangible costs?

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding screening for Down's Syndrome via blood work is NOT accurate?

A)It is an invasive but highly accurate test.
B)It can detect occult maternal cancer.
C)It is a form of genomic testing.
D)It has decreased the incidence of amniocentesis.

Question 23

REACH (Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health) provides strategies to facilitate health promotion within to diverse populations.The common thread to all of these strategies is

A)providing mentorship.
B)building trust.
C)creating safe and crime-free communities.
D)decreasing poverty and economic disparities.

Question 24

Which of the following plans is appropriate when planning and implementing a health screening event directed at diverse and minority populations?

A)Provide a standard care approach for everyone in the interest of equality for all persons.
B)Partner with key individuals and organizations
C)Provide pre-screening sessions to help diverse populations integrate with the mainstream culture.
D)Insure that all personnel at the screening site are members of minority populations.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of screening? (Select all that apply.)

A)Asking if someone performs self-breast exam
B)Performing a self-breast exam
C)Obtaining a mammogram
D)Undergoing a needle biopsy

Question 26

A nurse is working at a women's health clinic and is asked by a care recipient when she should return for her next Pap test.Which of the following resources would the nurse use to find the most current recommendations?

A)National Health Information Center
B)Healthy People 2020
C)US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) website
D)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website

Question 27

Which of the following screening parameters is NOT included among recommended preventative screening services for children and adolescents?

A)Anemia screening
B)Screening for high blood pressure in children
C)Screening or major depressive disorder
D)Screening for IQ in children

Question 28

A nurse is educating a 26-year-old, sexually active, female care recipient about preventive care and health screening.Which of the following screening services would the nurse include in this discussion?

A)Osteoporosis screening
B)HIV screening
C)Ovarian cancer screening
D)All of the above.

Question 29

Which of the following goals would be consistent with Healthy People 2020, as it pertains to screening and health promotion?

A)Promoting mammography for all women
B)Encourage colonoscopy to screen for colorectal cancer for all adults
C)Educate high-school students regarding sun safety
D)Increase screening via cat scans to detect for brain tumors.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Pender Health Promotion model?

A)The model assists to identify factors which will influence behavioral changes.
B)The model promotes health through standard, time-tested strategies.
C)The model avoids asking subjective questions thus is non-threatening to the care recipient.
D)The model is excellent for screening but less useful for teaching or primary prevention.

Question 31

A nurse is planning a comprehensive health-promotion activity to provide community members with a better opportunity to manage their own risk.Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for the nurse to perform?

A)Obtaining blood pressures and distributing free BP home measuring devises
B)Obtaining blood pressures and family histories during a screening
C)Obtaining blood pressures and discussing the importance of exercise during a screening
D)Obtaining blood pressures and scheduling follow up visits with a hypertension clinic.