Deck 1: The Foundation of Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue

A)exocrine glands
B)endocrine glands
C)blood
D)smooth muscle tissue

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of these statements describes extracellular fluid

A)It is the external environment of the body.
B)It is the fluid inside each cell.
C)It consists of plasma only.
D)It consists of plasma and interstitial fluid.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is a mechanistic rather than a teleological explanation of a physiological phenomenon

A)A person breathes to obtain oxygen.
B)A person sweats to cool off.
C)A person's stomach secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the nervous system.
D)A person's heart beats to pump blood.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which one of these pairs is correctly matched

A)anatomy/body function
B)bacteria/multicellular
C)organs/one primary tissue
D)physiology/body function

Question 5

What type of tissue consists of cells specialized for transmitting messages

A)connective
B)muscle
C)bone
D)nervous

Question 6

Which of the following are two examples of exocrine glands

A)sweat glands and glands that secrete digestive juices
B)mammary glands and the pancreas
C)the bladder and the kidneys
D)thyroid gland and sweat glands

Question 7

Which one of these sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization

A)cell, organ, tissue, system, organism
B)cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
C)tissue, cell, system, organism, organ
D)tissue, cell, organism, system, organ

Question 8

Which of these statements describes endocrine glands

A)They consist of ducts.
B)They secrete hormones internally into the blood capillaries.
C)They are derived from connective tissue.
D)They include the salivary glands.

Question 9

What type of fluid resides within cells

A)intracellular
B)interstitial
C)extracellular
D)plasma

Question 10

Which of these types of tissues uses the terminology "smooth"

A)connective tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)glandular tissue
D)muscle tissue

Question 11

Which of these statements is characteristic of connective tissue

A)It has relatively few cells dispersed within an abundance of extracellular matrix.
B)It has no blood vessels.
C)It covers various parts of the body.
D)It is usually found in the walls of hollow cavities.

Question 12

Epithelial tissue is organized into which of the two general types of structures

A)cells and cell walls
B)epithelial sheets and secretory glands
C)ducts and nuclei
D)protective and absorptive

Question 13

Which of these statements does NOT apply to the study of physiology

A)identifying the location of the stomach and how it is related to the location of the pancreas
B)describing the factors that affect cardiac output
C)describing the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted
D)explaining how the hormone thyroxin is synthesized in the thyroid glands

Question 14

Which of these statements describes the internal environment

A)It consists of intracellular fluid.
B)It is in direct contact with the body's cells and consists of the extracellular fluid.
C)It is inside the body but not in direct contact with the body's cells.
D)It is outside of the body and keeps the fluid volume in unchanging composition.

Question 15

Which of these statements describes stem cells

A)They are well-differentiated embryonic cells that may reproduce just one time.
B)They may reproduce just one time and cannot be readily grown.
C)Their daughter cells may differentiate into a number of different specialized cell types.
D)They cannot be readily grown unless they are already specialized cell types.

Question 16

Which of these tissues can be found on the outer layer of the skin

A)connective
B)endocrine
C)epithelial
D)muscle

Question 17

Which of these systems mainly distributes nutrients and oxygen through the body

A)circulatory system
B)digestive system
C)endocrine system
D)integumentary system

Question 18

What kind of glands secrete through ducts to the outside of the body (or cavity open to the outside)

A)endocrine
B)embryonic
C)external
D)exocrine

Question 19

Which progression represents the hierarchy of organization, from simplest to more complex

A)atom, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
B)tissue, cell, system, organism, organ, body
C)system, atom, cell, organ, tissue, organism
D)atom, molecule, compound, cell, body, organism

Question 20

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to connective tissue

A)It includes bone.
B)It includes blood.
C)Elastin can be found in its extracellular material.
D)It forms coverings and linings of the body cavities.

Question 21

A mechanistic explanation of why a person sweats is to cool off.

Question 22

Muscle cells produce movement by expanding.

Question 23

Tissues are composed of two or more types of cells organized to perform a particular function or functions.

Question 24

Enzymes are carbohydrates.

Question 25

Platelets, which have negatively charged cell membranes, adhere to the positively charged surface of a torn blood vessel.As they do so, they release substances that attract more platelets to the damaged area and change the charge on their cell membranes to positive.More platelets adhere to the damaged are a.The cycle repeats until the damaged area is sealed.What sort of feedback loop is formed, and why

A)positive-feedback loop: the response reinforces the initial change
B)negative-feedback loop: the response opposes the initial stimulus
C)negative-feedback loop: having too many platelets in one area blocks blood flow
D)positive-feedback loop: the response prevents a person from haemorrhaging to death

Question 26

Which of these statements applies to the respiratory system

A)It eliminates unwanted substances from the body to the external environment.
B)It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs in the pulmonary cavity.
C)It is important for maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment.
D)It is responsible for taking up required essential nutrients for the body.

Question 27

What are the three actions that the body's control system must perform in order to maintain homeostasis

A)control the external environment, record information, make appropriate adjustments
B)control the internal environment, record information, detect deviation
C)detect information, integrate internal environment, control changes
D)detect deviations, integrate information, make appropriate adjustments

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of a positive-feedback system

A)regulation if body temperature
B)birth of a baby
C)regulation of room temperature
D)regulation of blood pH

Question 29

Highly differentiated tissues such as nervous and cardiac muscle are incapable of new cell production.

Question 30

Which of these statements describes negative feedback

A)A change in a regulated variable triggers a response by the effector that opposes the change.
B)The input to a system increases the output, and the output limits its own production by inhibiting the input.
C)A control system's input and output continue to enhance each other in order to maintain homeostasis.
D)It is the main operating principle of most of the body's homeostatic control mechanisms.

Question 31

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most of the body's cells.Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and insulin-secreting cells.How does this negative-feedback system work

A)A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further lowers the blood glucose concentration.
B)An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers the blood glucose concentration.
C)A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases the blood glucose concentration.
D)An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which further increases the blood glucose concentration.

Question 32

Sweating is initiated in response to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot environment.Evaporation of the sweat cools the body.What is this an example of

A)negative feedback
B)positive feedback
C)feedforward mechanism
D)intrinsic (local) control mechanism

Question 33

In a negative-feedback loop, which component produces a response that changes a controlled condition

A)receptor
B)control centre
C)effector
D)set point

Question 34

Which of these sequences illustrates a negative-feedback system

A)input ?4? negative effect ?4? output ?4? change
B)external stimulus ?4? effector ?4? internal change ?4? integration
C)sensor ?4? integrator ?4? effector ?4? compensatory response
D)integrator ?4? effector ?4? compensatory response ?4? sensor

Question 35

Cells eliminate carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Question 36

What are the two systems concerned with the control of body functioning by extrinsic controls

A)nervous and respiratory
B)nervous and endocrine
C)endocrine and respiratory
D)endocrine and lymphatic

Question 37

All cells are capable of reproducing.

Question 38

A mechanistic explanation of why a person breathes is to obtain oxygen.

Question 39

In which of the body systems is calcium mainly stored

A)endocrine system
B)integumentary system
C)muscular system
D)skeletal system

Question 40

When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which feedback control system

A)negative feedback
B)positive feedback
C)extrinsic control
D)feedforward

Question 41

Not all activities performed by the muscular and nervous systems are directed toward maintaining homeostasis.

Question 42

Blood is a type of connective tissue.

Question 43

The concentration of salt in the extracellular fluid influences how water enters and leaves cells.

Question 44

Feedforward mechanisms bring about a response in reaction to a change in a regulated variable.

Question 45

Endocrine glands secrete hormones through ducts into the blood.

Question 46

The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood plasma.

Question 47

Negative feedback operates to maintain a controlled factor in a relatively steady state, whereas positive feedback moves a controlled variable even further from a steady state.

Question 48

The endocrine system functions with the circulatory system for the transport of hormones.

Question 49

A lumen is a cavity within a hollow organ or tube.

Question 50

Exocrine glands are the only structures in the body capable of secretion.

Question 51

Factors that are homeostatically regulated are maintained at a constant, fixed level unless disease is present.

Question 52

With positive feedback, a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.

Question 53

The plasma surrounds and bathes all the body's cells.

Question 54

The skin is part of the integumentary system.

Question 55

Secretion refers to the release from a cell, in response to appropriate stimulation, of specific products that have, in large part, been synthesized by the cell.

Question 56

Organs are composed of two or more kinds of primary tissues.

Question 57

To sustain life, the internal environment must be maintained in an absolutely unchanging state.

Question 58

Some organs, such as the heart, skin, and intestine, belong to more than one body system.

Question 59

Glands are formed during embryonic development by pockets of epithelial tissue that dip inward from the surface.

Question 60

The external environment is found outside cells but inside the body.

Question 61

____________________ are the blood vessels in which materials are mixed between the blood plasma and the interstitial fluid.

Question 62

The ____________________ system consists of all hormone-secreting tissues.

Question 63

All proteins are enzymes.

Question 64

All stem cells are found in the umbilical cord.

Question 65

The internal environment consists of the ____________________, which is made up of ____________________, the fluid portion of the blood, and ____________________, which surrounds and bathes all cells.

Question 66

____________________ glands secrete through ducts in the skin.

Question 67

Intestine, heart, and skin do not consist of hormone-secreting cells.

Question 68

The two major control systems of the body are the ____________________ and the ____________________.

Question 69

Homeostatic control systems are grouped into two classes: intrinsic and extrinsic controls.

Question 70

The ____________________ is the liquid part of the blood.

Question 71

____________________ tissue is composed of cells specialized for contraction and force generation.

Question 72

____________________ refers to maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.

Question 73

____________________ are composed of two or more types of primary tissue organized to perform a particular function or functions.

Question 74

A ____________________ is a collection of organs that perform related functions and interact to accomplish a common activity that is essential for survival of the whole body.

Question 75

____________________ muscle tissue composes the heart.

Question 76

____________________ cells are specialized to send electrical signals.

Question 77

Most homeostatic mechanisms operate on the principle of positive feedback.

Question 78

Stem cells are not common to all multicellular organisms.

Question 79

The body cells are in direct contact with and make life-sustaining exchanges with the ____________________.

Question 80

The smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes associated with life is the ____________________.