Deck 14: The Media

Question 1

Television news is like a series of newspaper headlines connected to pictures.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

All news is equally "fake."

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A number of conservative radio hosts, such as Rush Limbaugh, have huge audiences and have helped mobilize support for conservative political causes and candidates.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Radio news is essentially a headline service without pictures.

Question 5

In recent years, cable television has been growing in importance as a news source.

Question 6

The print media provide more detailed and complete information and offer a better context for analysis than the broadcast media.

Question 7

Liberals have had less success than conservatives in the world of talk radio.

Question 8

A number of liberal radio hosts have huge audiences and have helped mobilize support for liberal political causes and candidates.

Question 9

If an event is not covered in the New York Times, it is not likely to appear on the CBS Evening News.

Question 10

Newspapers remain the primary news source for most Americans.

Question 11

For the most part, the Internet provides electronic versions of coverage offered by print sources.

Question 12

The print media engage in very little actual reporting; they primarily cover stories that have been broken or initially reported by the broadcast media.

Question 13

Television news provides greater depth of coverage in its reporting than print journalism.

Question 14

Most of the programs on talk radio are liberal in opinion.

Question 15

In comparison to print media, the broadcast media engage in very little actual reporting.

Question 16

Infotainment programs such as The Daily Show provide viewers with no correct substantive information.

Question 17

In recent years, radio talk shows have become important sources of commentary and opinion.

Question 18

The newspaper industry today is in serious economic trouble.

Question 19

In the United States, the government owns and controls the communications networks, but it does not regulate the content and ownership of the broadcast media.

Question 20

Most radio stations devote about half of their time to news coverage.

Question 21

In the 1991 case of Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, the Supreme Court ruled that fabricated quotations attributed to a public figure were libelous only if the fabricated account "materially changed" the meaning of what the person actually said.

Question 22

Thousands of leaks each year are quietly and seamlessly incorporated into the news.

Question 23

For the most part, an audience can easily distinguish even a well-designed press release from an actual news story.

Question 24

In the Pentagon Papers case, the Supreme Court ruled that the government could block publication of secret Department of Defense documents.

Question 25

In the United States, the print media are subject to the long-standing federal regulation of prior restraint.

Question 26

In the United States, license renewals for radio and TV stations are almost always granted automatically by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

Question 27

The U.S. government sometimes pays foreign reporters to write favorable accounts of its activities and efforts.

Question 28

Journalists and editors make great efforts to prevent being manipulated by their sources.

Question 29

Individuals who are personally attacked on a broadcast program must be given the opportunity to respond.

Question 30

A 2005 academic study by economist Timothy Groseclose and political scientist Jeffrey Milyo found a pronounced conservative bias in the news presented by many major papers and all but one broadcast network.

Question 31

According to experts, over half of the articles in a newspaper on any given day are based on press releases.

Question 32

Most leaks originate with low-level whistle-blowers.

Question 33

Less than ten giant corporations now controls over half of all media, including television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, local cable providers, book publishers, magazines, and newspapers.

Question 34

Broadcasters must provide candidates for the same office equal opportunity to communicate their messages to the public.

Question 35

The 1996 Telecommunications Act compelled emerging media conglomerates to split up.

Question 36

For all intents and purposes, the American print media can publish anything they want about a public figure.

Question 37

In the United States, the print media are heavily regulated by the government.

Question 38

A majority of journalists consider themselves to be liberal or liberal-to-moderate.

Question 39

Politicians avoid social media outlets because they are a waste of time.

Question 40

According to new FCC regulations, a single company is permitted to own only one major media outlet such as a major daily newspaper, a television, or a radio station within a single metropolitan market.

Question 41

Rush Limbaugh's show is an example of the

A)lack of attention to detail on radio programs.
B)conservative dominance of the talk-radio format.
C)strict fairness regulations placed on the broadcast media.
D)even-handed tone of talk radio.

Question 42

In recent years, much of the content of the news, especially local news, has shifted away from politics and public affairs toward

A)soft news.
B)public policy.
C)international relations.
D)business news.

Question 43

Websites like Craigslist help make the newspaper business more profitable.

Question 44

Generally speaking, radio news is essentially a

A)forum for editorializing.
B)good source for in-depth news analysis and coverage.
C)headline service without pictures.
D)mirror reflection of the coverage in weekly news magazines.

Question 45

Social media users were especially likely to click on fake news articles during the 2016 presidential election campaign.

Question 46

Newspaper endorsements played a decisive role in Hillary Clinton's loss in the 2016 presidential election.

Question 47

Why do newspapers remain an important source of news?

A)The broadcast media largely cover stories already broken by major newspapers.
B)People generally read them at least once each week.
C)They are usually the first to cover breaking news, such as the events of September 11, 2001.
D)Most individuals prefer reading a paper to watching television.

Question 48

Per broadcast hour, radio stations usually devote how much time to coverage of the news?

A)5 minutes
B)17 minutes
C)25 minutes
D)38 minutes

Question 49

More than any other single news source, Americans get their news from

A)radio.
B)television.
C)newspapers.
D)magazines.

Question 50

Which news source reaches the majority of Americans?

A)radio
B)television
C)the Internet
D)newspapers

Question 51

In terms of profitability, today's newspaper industry is

A)doing better than ever because of the Internet.
B)similar to the last 20 years of newspaper sales.
C)in serious economic trouble.
D)waning because of increasingly burdensome federal regulations.

Question 52

Infotainment shows

A)largely promulgate falsehoods.
B)rarely discuss political material.
C)appeal to a large section of people under 35 years of age.
D)mostly appeal to senior citizens.

Question 53

The Internet media have

A)decreased in market share relative to newspapers.
B)faced heavy censorship.
C)provided greater in-depth coverage of issues than the print media.
D)increased their market share relative to print media over the last decade.

Question 54

During the 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump promised that "I'm going to open up our libel laws so when [news outlets] write purposely negative and horrible and false articles, we can sue them and win lots of money." At that time, it was legal for a public figure to sue a media outlet that was deliberately publishing false and harmful news stories.

Question 55

What is the prime source of news for educated and influential individuals?

A)radio
B)infotainment
C)television
D)newspapers

Question 56

Up until about the mid-1990s, what were the main two classes of media?

A)print and broadcast
B)print and journalistic
C)audio and visual
D)wave-based and print

Question 57

Most nationwide radio talk shows tend to support causes and candidates who are

A)liberal.
B)apolitical.
C)moderate.
D)conservative.

Question 58

Which current popular television program presents comedic parodies of political figures and calls itself "America's most trusted name in fake news"?

A)Weekly Update
B)The Daily Show
C)Serious News Central
D)Tomorrow Now

Question 59

Web search firms like Google are able to help governments censor websites and information.

Question 60

In order to cater to their audience, media outlets tend to cover labor activities, religious affairs, and veterans' interest items.

Question 61

An individual in opposition to the war in Iraq illegally obtains and distributes secret Defense Department documents to a national newspaper. According to the Supreme Court ruling in New York Times v. United States (1971), which of the following can occur?

A)The federal government can prevent the publication of the documents.
B)The newspaper must wait at least 30 days before publishing the documents.
C)The newspaper can publish the documents, even without the consent of the federal government.
D)The newspaper can publish the documents, but only with the consent of the federal government.

Question 62

American radio and television are regulated by an independent regulatory agency established in 1934 called the

A)Public Broadcasting Corporation.
B)National Broadcasting Commission (NBC).
C)National Public Regulation Authority (NPR).
D)Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

Question 63

In the 1969 case of Red Lion Broadcasting Company v. Federal Communications Commission, the Supreme Court upheld the FCC's determination that a radio station was required to provide a liberal author with an opportunity to respond to an attack from a conservative commentator that the station had aired based on the regulation known as the

A)equal time rule.
B)balance rule.
C)right of rebuttal.
D)fairness doctrine.

Question 64

An effort by a government agency to block the publication of material it deems libelous or harmful is also known as

A)right of rebuttal.
B)equal time rule.
C)prior restraint.
D)fairness doctrine.

Question 65

Between the hours of 6 A.M. and 10 P.M., radio and television stations are prohibited from airing

A)one-sided political discussions.
B)issue ads sponsored by noncandidates.
C)explicit sexual references.
D)noneducational cartoons.

Question 66

In the 1964 case of New York Times v. Sullivan, the Supreme Court held that to be deemed libelous a story had to

A)show reckless disregard for the public interest and embarrass a private citizen.
B)be untrue and result from actual malice.
C)show reckless disregard for the truth and result in actual damages.
D)show reckless disregard for the truth and embarrass a private citizen.

Question 67

Which age group is most likely to use television as their primary source of political news?

A)18-34
B)35-44
C)45-54
D)over 55

Question 68

Which choice best describes the relationship between the government and broadcast media?

A)Government controls media content.
B)Government owns the broadcast media but does not control content.
C)Government does not own the communications networks but does regulate broadcast media.
D)Government does not own the communication networks and does not regulate broadcast media.

Question 69

A television station that sells commercial time to a state's Republican gubernatorial candidate but not the Democratic gubernatorial candidate is subject to which of the following regulations?

A)right of rebuttal
B)equal time rule
C)fairness doctrine
D)prior restraint

Question 70

A federal requirement that broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office an equal opportunity to communicate their messages to the public is called the

A)equal time rule.
B)right of rebuttal.
C)fairness doctrine.
D)balancing mandate.

Question 71

Historically, newspapers that printed false and malicious stories could be compelled to pay damages to those they defamed according to the law of

A)libel.
B)slander.
C)retribution.
D)denigration.

Question 72

In the case of Cable News Network v. Noriega, the Supreme Court ruled that prior restraint is permissible to preserve

A)state secrets.
B)the Ninth Amendment right to privacy.
C)the right of free speech.
D)the right to a fair trial.

Question 73

How often must radio and TV stations renew their FCC licenses?

A)every six months
B)every year
C)every five years
D)every ten years

Question 74

The Communications Decency Act, which made it illegal to make "indecent" sexual material on the Internet accessible to those less than 18 years of age,

A)relies on citizen lawsuits for judicial review.
B)was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
C)was opposed by the Christian Coalition.
D)is enforced by a special unit of the Department of Justice.

Question 75

How did media ownership in the United States change after the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 1996?

A)It became more regulated.
B)It became more concentrated.
C)It became more educational.
D)It became more decentralized.

Question 76

In the case of New York Times v. United States, the so-called Pentagon Papers case, the Supreme Court ruled against

A)prior restraint.
B)the fairness doctrine.
C)monopoly ownership.
D)the matching time requirement.

Question 77

What is the fastest growing news medium in the United States, including for political news, with the percentage of the population using it monthly growing from 8 to 22 percent from 2008 to 2016?

A)Myspace
B)satellite television
C)podcasts
D)documentary movies

Question 78

What was the main effect that the 2001 court case A&M Records v. Napster had on the news media?

A)It was legal for newspapers to provide musical accompaniment for their stories without paying royalties.
B)The Supreme Court affirmed a First Amendment right for college students to trade video and audio clips of their favorite news broadcasts.
C)The profitability of news corporations was severely reduced.
D)Internet distribution of copyrighted material became legally similar to other forms of distribution.

Question 79

The most important judicial decision concerning the meaning of libel was the 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case

A)New York Times v. Sullivan.
B)Bay City Chronicle v. Nance.
C)Dallas Morning News v. Johnson.
D)Seattle Post-Intelligencer v. Magnuson.

Question 80

Which age group is most likely to get political news on the Internet?

A)18-34
B)35-54
C)55-64
D)65+