Deck 8: Basic and New Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory

Question 1

One criterion for a good standard curve is that the line is straight.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

When reflectance spectrophotometry is used as an analytic method:

A) the light reflected from the surface of a colorimetric reaction is used to measure the amount of unknown colored product generated in the reaction.
B) a beam of light is directed at a flat surface.
C) the amount of light reflected is measured in a reflectance spectrophotometer.
D) all of the above are correct.

Answer 2

all of the above are correct.

Question 3

Immunoassays depend on:

A) antigen solubility.
B) antibody complexity.
C) antigen-antibody reactions.
D) antibody solubility.

Answer 3

antigen-antibody reactions.

Question 4

The term light is used to describe:

A) radiant energy with wavelengths visible to the human eye.
B) wavelengths bordering on those visible to the human eye.
C) all forms of radiant energy.
D) both a and b.

Question 5

In chromatography:

A) mixtures of solutes dissolved in a common solvent are separated from one another.
B) mixtures of solvents are separated from one another.
C) solutions with various pH measurements are separated from one another.
D) either b or c are true.

Question 6

Spectrophotometry measures the concentration of an unknown substance by:

A) counting the number of particles in a solution.
B) comparing an unknown colored substance to a standard solution.
C) measuring the electrical voltage generated in a chemical reaction.
D) measuring the amount of heat generated in a chemical reaction.

Question 7

Beer's law states:

A) the concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed.
B) inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light.
C) inversely proportional to the amount of light absorbed.
D) both a and b.

Question 8

One of the most frequently used techniques in the clinical laboratory is:

A) spectrophotometry.
B) chemiluminescence.
C) nephelometry.
D) electrophoresis.

Question 9

The principle of photometry uses ____ to determine the concentrations of various substances.

A) color
B) color variation
C) electrical resistance
D) both a and b

Question 10

A popular at-home application of reflectance spectrophotometry in point-of-care testing (POCT)is:

A) blood volume estimation.
B) drug monitoring.
C) glucose monitoring.
D) pH determination.

Question 11

Coulometry measures the:

A) amount of current passing between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell.
B) color generated in a chemical reaction.
C) heat generated in a chemical reaction.
D) relative speed of current passing between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell.

Question 12

The analytic technology that relies on direct measurement of electrical potential caused by the activity of free ions is:

A) pH meter.
B) ion-selective electrodes (ISEs).
C) chromatography.
D) gel electrophoresis.

Question 13

The protein molecule formed when a foreign material is introduced into an immunocompetent individual is a(n):

A) antigen.
B) antibody.
C) allergen.
D) reagent.

Question 14

A reaction format used in noncompetitive immunochemical assays includes:

A) sandwich assays.
B) two-site assays.
C) excess reagent assays.
D) all of the above.

Question 15

Electrophoresis is a technique for:

A) separation.
B) separation and purification of ions.
C) the separation of proteins.
D) all of the above.

Question 16

Fundamental prerequisite for a nephelometry measurement is:

A) formation of a macromolecular complex.
B) the reaction between the protein being assayed and a specific antisera.
C) formation of an insoluble complex.
D) all of the above.

Question 17

The piece of equipment that measures the H+ is:

A) pH meter.
B) photometer.
C) spectrophotometer.
D) flow cytometer.

Question 18

The principle of flow cytometry is based on the fact that:

A) cells have an electrical charge.
B) proteins can be precipitated.
C) cells are stained in suspension with an appropriate fluorochrome.
D) fluorescent dyes are nonspecific.

Question 19

An analytic method that depends on light-scattering properties of antigen-antibody complexes is:

A) absorption spectrophotometry.
B) reflectance spectrophotometry.
C) nephelometry.
D) ion-selective electrodes.

Question 20

A newer analytic technology that is becoming the technology of choice by most immunodiagnostic manufacturers is:

A) chemiluminescence.
B) electrophoresis.
C) spectrophotometry.
D) enzyme immunoassay.

Question 21

One criterion for a good standard curve is that the line must connect two points.

Question 22

MATCHING
Match the approximate wavelength with the observed color. Use an answer only once.
600-620

A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)

Question 23

Quality control tests for spectrophotometers consist of checking wavelength accuracy.

Question 24

MATCHING
Match the approximate wavelength with the observed color. Use an answer only once.
620-750

A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)

Question 25

MATCHING
Match the approximate wavelength with the observed color. Use an answer only once.
<380

A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)

Question 26

Various enzymes are used in enzyme immunoassay.In order to be used,an enzyme must fulfill certain criteria,including multiple antigen specificity.

Question 27

Various enzymes are used in enzyme immunoassay.In order to be used,an enzyme must fulfill certain criteria,including absence from the antigen or antibody.

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the approximate wavelength with the observed color. Use an answer only once.
580-600

A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)

Question 29

Quality control tests for spectrophotometers consist of checking stray light.

Question 30

Quality control tests for spectrophotometers consist of checking nonlinearity.

Question 31

MATCHING
Match the approximate wavelength with the observed color. Use an answer only once.
380-440

A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)

Question 32

MATCHING
Match the approximate wavelength with the observed color. Use an answer only once.
500-580

A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)

Question 33

One criterion for a good standard curve is that the line goes through the origin,or intersect,of the two axes.

Question 34

Various enzymes are used in enzyme immunoassay.In order to be used,an enzyme must fulfill certain criteria,including no alteration by inhibitor with the system.

Question 35

MATCHING
Match the approximate wavelength with the observed color. Use an answer only once.
>750

A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)

Question 36

Various enzymes are used in enzyme immunoassay.In order to be used,an enzyme must fulfill certain criteria,including a high amount of stability.

Question 37

MATCHING
Match the approximate wavelength with the observed color. Use an answer only once.
440-500

A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)