Deck 42: Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Question 1

During times of fasting,the body uses ________ as a source of energy.

A) protein
B) fat
C) carbohydrates
D) glucagon

Answer 1

fat

Question 2

A body mass index of 25.5 is considered to be

A) morbidly obese.
B) normal.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Answer 2

overweight.

Question 3

The metabolic response to fever is

A) anabolic.
B) catabolic.
C) both anabolic and catabolic.
D) related to gluconeogenesis.

Answer 3

both anabolic and catabolic.

Question 4

The metabolic response to physiologic stress is characterized by

A) loss of somatic protein.
B) preservation of visceral protein.
C) body weight less than 80% of ideal.
D) stress-induced protein catabolism.

Question 5

The postoperative energy requirement can increase ____ above BMR.

A) 7%.
B) 10% to 35%.
C) 15% to 30%.
D) 50%.

Question 6

The main source of energy for the body comes from

A) proteins.
B) fats.
C) carbohydrates.
D) water.

Question 7

A patient with a fever of 3°F above normal would be expected to have increased energy expenditure of

A) 3%.
B) 15%.
C) 21%.
D) 50%.

Question 8

Which condition is associated with an increase in basal metabolic rate?

A) Aging
B) Fever
C) Obesity
D) Starvation

Question 9

The nutritional effects of cancer can be severe and result in

A) malnutrition.
B) anorexia.
C) cachexia.
D) catabolism.

Question 10

What patient is most at risk for severe protein malnutrition?

A) A postsurgical patient who has been NPO for 3 days
B) A postburn patient who has a deep partial-thickness burn
C) A febrile patient who has had a temperature of 102.6°F for 3 days
D) An immobile patient who has been in skeletal traction for 1 week

Question 11

Starvation is associated with

A) loss of visceral protein.
B) low serum albumin levels.
C) loss of somatic fat and protein.
D) generalized edema.

Question 12

Acute physiologic stress is associated with

A) preferential use of glycogen.
B) catabolism of body proteins.
C) decreased basal metabolic rate.
D) conservation of body energy stores.

Question 13

An immobile patient should be treated with an extra ________ g of protein daily.

A) 2 to 4
B) 4 to 6
C) 7 to 9
D) 10 to 15

Question 14

The process of metabolizing proteins to provide energy is called

A) glycogenolysis.
B) glycolysis.
C) gluconeogenesis.
D) proteolysis.

Question 15

Which patient is at highest risk for severe negative nitrogen balance? (Select all that apply.)

A) Postsurgical patient
B) Postburn patient
C) Posttrauma patient
D) Postsepsis patient