Deck 15: Reconstruction and the New South

Question 1

During Reconstruction, the term "Scalawags" referred to

A)Southern white Republicans.
B)free black Southerners.
C)Southerners who moved north.
D)white Southerners who still embraced their former affiliation with the Confederacy.
E)Northerners who moved south.

Answer 1

Southern white Republicans.

Question 2

The Fourteenth Amendment

A)ended slavery throughout the United States.
B)gave voting rights to all male Americans.
C)gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States.
D)was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
E)was written in such a way as to appease the woman's suffrage movement.

Answer 2

gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States.

Question 3

The story of the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln

A)involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration.
B)saw John Wilkes Booth convicted of the murder of the president.
C)brought a Radical Republican to the presidency.
D)was intended to bring Andrew Johnson into the presidency.
E)had been planned at the highest levels of the Confederate government.

Answer 3

involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration.

Question 4

In 1867, Congressional plans for Reconstruction

A)were rejected by every former Confederate state.
B)replaced federal military commanders in the South with civilian leaders.
C)granted forty acres of land to every adult male former slave.
D)required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males.
E)required that state legislatures ratify the Thirteenth Amendment.

Question 5

The Wade-Davis Bill

A)essentially followed President Lincoln's Reconstruction plans.
B)was criticized by Conservative Republicans for being too mild.
C)called for the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates.
D)denied reentry into the Union by former Confederate states for ten years.
E)quickly became the law of the land.

Question 6

In the final days of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln

A)insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.
B)argued it best to readmit the Confederate states to the Union without condition.
C)called on the Confederacy to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States.
D)met with Jefferson Davis in Richmond, Virginia.
E)declared that the Confederate government must repudiate its constitution.

Question 7

At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial,

A)a majority of Senators voted to acquit.
B)Johnson resigned from office just prior to the vote.
C)every Senate Republican voted to convict.
D)Johnson was convicted and then pardoned by the Senate.
E)Johnson was spared conviction by one vote.

Question 8

Race riots in the South during the 1866 elections most helped the political fortunes of

A)Southern Democrats.
B)Conservative Republicans.
C)former Southern Whigs.
D)President Andrew Johnson.
E)Radical Republicans.

Question 9

As president, Andrew Johnson

A)quickly sided with the Radical Republicans.
B)proposed delaying the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.
C)long delayed in presenting his own plans for Reconstruction.
D)offered amnesty to Southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States.
E)argued the South should be readmitted to the Union without conditions.

Question 10

In the 1860s, Black Codes were

A)holdovers from the antebellum era that were repealed by Southern state governments.
B)passed by Congress to govern former Confederate states.
C)enacted by the Freedmen's Bureau to give freed blacks voting rights.
D)vetoed by President Andrew Johnson.
E)designed to give whites control over freedmen.

Question 11

As Republicans planned for Reconstruction,

A)Conservatives sought many conditions to readmit the former Confederate states.
B)Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners.
C)President Lincoln suggested that no conditions be put on the former Confederate states.
D)no thought had been given to the task until the war had ended.
E)Moderates believed the South should be readmitted without any concessions on black rights.

Question 12

The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of

A)slavery.
B)citizenship.
C)cruel and unusual punishment.
D)income tax.
E)suffrage.

Question 13

As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Ex parte Milligan, Radical Republicans

A)reduced the number of justices on the Court.
B)established military tribunals in additional Southern states.
C)proposed abolishing the Court.
D)tempered many of their Reconstruction plans.
E)ended military tribunals in favor of civil courts.

Question 14

The Tenure of Office Act

A)gave the Senate the power to appoint members of the president's cabinet.
B)was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority.
C)was roundly condemned by Secretary of War Edwin M.Stanton.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

A)violated the Tenure of Office Act.
B)offered political opposition to Radical Republicans.
C)dismissed Edwin Stanton from office.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

In 1865, Southern blacks defined "freedom" as

A)independence from white control.
B)acquiring the legal rights to live as did whites.
C)land reform.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

The Freedmen's Bureau

A)distributed food to millions of Southern blacks.
B)pushed for voting rights for former male slaves.
C)gave forty acres of land and a mule to millions of Southern blacks.
D)was created to operate for only five years.
E)created millions of federal public works jobs for former slaves.

Question 18

In 1865, Southern whites defined "freedom" as

A)the right to use federal assistance to recover from the Civil War.
B)controlling their future without Northern interference.
C)the right of Southern states to remain outside of the Union.
D)the removal of freed blacks from their states.
E)monetary compensation for lost slaves.

Question 19

At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves in the United States was

A)800,000.
B)one million.
C)two-and-a-half million.
D)three-and-a-half million.
E)six million.

Question 20

President Abraham Lincoln's "ten percent" plan for the South referred to

A)the area of land in each state that should be reserved for former slaves.
B)the ratio of federal to state money to be spent in rebuilding the Southern economy.
C)the ratio of federal troops to freed slaves in each Southern state.
D)the percentage of freed slaves who must be given the vote before setting up a state government.
E)the number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government.

Question 21

The elections of 1876 saw

A)the Supreme Court decide the presidential election.
B)a Democrat become president for the first time since the Civil War.
C)the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected.
D)Ulysses Grant make an unsuccessful bid for an unprecedented third term.
E)the governor of New York become president.

Question 22

After the Civil War, most poor rural Southerners relied on credit from

A)local banks.
B)the federal government.
C)Northern financial institutions.
D)country stores.
E)state governments.

Question 23

During Reconstruction, there was a dramatic improvement in Southern

A)transportation.
B)education.
C)industry.
D)banking.
E)agriculture.

Question 24

During Reconstruction, most "carpetbaggers" were

A)white Southerners who moved to the North.
B)freedmen who moved out of the South.
C)former confederates who moved to the West.
D)Northern white veterans who moved to the South.
E)Northern politicians who took offices in Southern states.

Question 25

The Panic of 1873

A)began after the Southern crop-lien system collapsed.
B)saw Republicans call on Grant to go off the gold standard.
C)saw President Grant favor putting more paper currency into circulation.
D)began after revelations of corruption in the Grant administration.
E)was the nation's worst economic depression to that time.

Question 26

During Reconstruction, Southern African-American officeholders

A)filled as many as five seats in the United States Senate.
B)were excluded from state constitutional conventions.
C)did not serve in the federal Congress or Senate.
D)rarely engaged in illegal political activities.
E)underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South.

Question 27

During Reconstruction, the Southern school system

A)eventually reached forty percent of all black children.
B)did not allow blacks to be teachers.
C)initially were not segregated.
D)only offered primary instruction.
E)barely reached any children of former slaves.

Question 28

National support for Reconstruction was undermined by

A)the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment.
B)the growing political strength of Democrats.
C)the Panic of 1873.
D)perceptions of black-and-carpetbag misgovernment in the South.
E)All the answers are correct.

Question 29

During Reconstruction, the black labor force worked

A)approximately the same number of hours as during slavery.
B)significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery.
C)more hours than had been the case during slavery.
D)significantly more hours than the white labor force.
E)significantly less hours than the white labor force.

Question 30

Congressional passage of the Enforcement Acts in 1870-1871

A)was aimed at reducing white repression of blacks in the South.
B)was designed to support the Black Codes.
C)was vetoed by President Ulysses Grant.
D)gave legal protection to the Ku Klux Klan.
E)allowed white southerners to maintain a police state.

Question 31

The Alabama claims

A)saw the United States refuse to pay Alabama for losses incurred during the Civil War.
B)involved complaints by the United States against England.
C)ended an experiment in black landownership.
D)marked a renewed effort in asserting the rights of states over federal authority.
E)were found by the Supreme Court to invalidate Radical Reconstruction.

Question 32

The "redeemed" governments of the South

A)saw an end to occupation by federal troops.
B)suppressed the activities of white supremacists.
C)saw the Republican Party win control of Southern state governments.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 33

All of the following were involved in scandals during the Grant administration EXCEPT

A)President Ulysses Grant.
B)Secretary of War William Belknap.
C)Vice-President Schuyler Colfax.
D)Treasury Secretary Benjamin Bristow.
E)All the answers are correct.

Question 34

Black sharecropping

A)represented a continuation of the pre-Civil War gang-labor system.
B)differed sharply from the tenant system.
C)usually led to economic independence.
D)was a very common occupation of former slaves.
E)involved close white supervision which recalled the days of slavery.

Question 35

During Reconstruction, per capita income for Southerners

A)rose for blacks.
B)rose for whites.
C)declined for whites.
D)rose for blacks and whites.
E)rose for blacks and declined for whites.

Question 36

In 1868, Ulysses S.Grant

A)was nominated by both the Republican and Democratic Parties.
B)won a huge victory.
C)entered the White House with no political experience.
D)relied on many of his former military advisors to join his administration.
E)ran against Republican Reconstruction policies.

Question 37

After the Civil War, most Southern black women

A)did field work.
B)played a role in the family that was very different from white women.
C)engaged in income-producing activities.
D)did not hold a job outside of the home.
E)still could not marry with any legal standing.

Question 38

During the Grant administration, the United States acquired

A)Alaska.
B)Hawaii.
C)Guam.
D)the Virgin Islands.
E)Puerto Rico.

Question 39

In the South, the crop-lien system

A)encouraged the planting of cash crops.
B)nearly disappeared during Reconstruction.
C)led to crop diversification.
D)was generally imposed on blacks, but not white farmers.
E)saw interest rates rise as high as 20 or 30 percent.

Question 40

During Reconstruction, in regards to land ownership in the South,

A)the Freedman's Bureau distributed millions of acres of land to freedmen.
B)most plantations abandoned during the Civil War remained vacant.
C)ownership by both whites and blacks increased.
D)the federal government vigorously acted to confiscate land owned by former Confederates.
E)ownership by whites declined while ownership by blacks increased.

Question 41

In the South, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century

A)its share of national manufacturing doubled.
B)it became more dependent on agriculture than ever.
C)per capita income fell sharply.
D)most industrial growth came from coal mining.
E)average income reached 80 percent of that in the North.

Question 42

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Southern agriculture

A)saw a significant diversification of its crops.
B)saw a decline in absentee ownership of farmland.
C)regained the profitability it had prior to the Civil War.
D)saw a deceleration of the processes begun in the postwar years.
E)saw the great majority of farmers live under the tenant system.

Question 43

Reconstruction was neither a vicious tyranny, as white Southerners charged, nor a thoroughgoing reform, as many Northerners claimed.

Question 44

Among his ideas, Booker T.Washington

A)rejected the ideology of the "New South creed."
B)favored industrial over classical education.
C)called on the federal government to offer job training for blacks.
D)proposed an exodus of blacks from the South to the West.
E)argued that blacks spent too much time trying to impress the white middle class.

Question 45

The Freedmen's Bureau was a civilian agency under the control of the State Department.

Question 46

Jim Crow laws

A)imposed a system of state-supported segregation.
B)attacked the problem of lynching.
C)led immediately to a dramatic black exodus from the South.
D)challenged white redeemer rule in the South.
E)did not apply to public parks, beaches, or picnic areas.

Question 47

The Freedmen's Bureau was confined by law to providing assistance only to former slaves and their families.

Question 48

In the 1890s, pressure in the South to restrict black voting rights came from

A)poor white farmers.
B)wealthy Southerners.
C)advocates of Jim Crow.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 49

Advocates of the "New South"

A)opposed using Northern capital.
B)discouraged white women from working outside of the home.
C)promoted Southern industry and railroad development.
D)challenged the assumptions of white supremacy.
E)in fact advocated a return to the plantation system of the antebellum South.

Question 50

Radical Republicans favored a reconstruction process that would readmit the former Confederate states to the Union quickly.

Question 51

In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T.Washington

A)called for political and civil rights for black Americans.
B)criticized the federal government for abandoning Southern blacks.
C)argued that blacks should honor their African forebears.
D)stated that blacks should give up in seeking equality with whites.
E)called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.

Question 52

The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v.Ferguson (1896) that

A)communities could have schools for whites only if there were no schools for blacks.
B)the Fourteenth Amendment was unconstitutional.
C)racial segregation was legal if whites and blacks had equal "accommodations."
D)private institutions were exempt from laws against racial discrimination.
E)segregation by race in education was inherently unconstitutional.

Question 53

During Reconstruction all adult male former slaves were given the constitutional right to vote and to hold elected office.

Question 54

Congressional Reconstruction might have been more effective if

A)the federal government had not involved itself with redistributing income.
B)the federal government had not passed the Enforcement Acts.
C)Radical Republicans had not put Jefferson Davis on trial for treason.
D)the Freedmen's Bureau had been ended sooner.
E)the federal government had better enforced the laws designed to assist blacks.

Question 55

In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B.Wells devoted her writing to attacking

A)the legality of segregation.
B)the restrictions on black education.
C)the loss of black voting rights.
D)the crime of lynching.
E)the arguments of Booker T.Washington.

Question 56

Even at the end of his life, Lincoln continued to insist that the Confederate government had no legal right to exist.

Question 57

After the Civil War was over, African Americans responded by separating themselves from white institutions.

Question 58

As president, Rutherford B.Hayes

A)refused to make political compromises with Democrats.
B)promised to serve only one term.
C)helped to unify Republicans and Democrats.
D)called for a modest expansion of Reconstruction programs.
E)promised to take the South back from the "Redeemers."

Question 59

In the 1890s, voting percentages in the South

A)increased for blacks only.
B)increased for whites only.
C)declined for blacks only.
D)increased for whites and declined for blacks.
E)decreased for whites and blacks.

Question 60

After Reconstruction, political power under Southern "Redeemers"

A)was very often restricted and conservative.
B)typically relied on raising taxes for its funding.
C)increased state services for the poor.
D)ignored the interests of industrialists.
E)helped consolidate the "Solid South" for the Republican Party.

Question 61

During Reconstruction, the black share of profits may have been rising, but the total profits of Southern agriculture were declining.

Question 62

By the time of his death, Lincoln's sympathies had shifted from essential allegiance to the moderate wing of his party to casting his lot with the Radical Republicans.

Question 63

In the South as a whole, the percentage of black officeholders during Reconstruction was always far lower than the percentage of blacks in the population.

Question 64

As sharecroppers, the black labor force in the South worked hours that were just as long as had been the case under slavery.

Question 65

The Black Codes helped President Johnson's plans for Reconstruction.

Question 66

Despite defeat in the Civil War, white landownership actually increased during Reconstruction.

Question 67

"Seward's Folly" refers to a financial scandal involving Ulysses Grant's secretary of state, William Seward.

Question 68

President Johnson vetoed both the Freedmen's Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Question 69

Virginia, Texas, and Mississippi were among the first states to comply with congressional Reconstruction.

Question 70

During Reconstruction, black family roles soon came to resemble similar roles within white families.

Question 71

Without the support of black voters in 1868, Ulysses S.Grant would have had only a minority of the popular vote.

Question 72

The most numerous Republicans in the South were the black freedmen.

Question 73

State expenditures by Southern governments during Reconstruction were large, but only in comparison with the meager state budgets of the pre-Civil War years.

Question 74

"Scalawags" were Southerners who moved north after the Civil War.

Question 75

Leaders of the Confederacy were found to have aided John Wilkes Booth to carry out the plan to assassinate President Lincoln.

Question 76

The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in a resounding victory for the Republicans.

Question 77

President Johnson was impeached, but not convicted.

Question 78

Grant played a leadership role among the "Liberal Republicans."

Question 79

The Wade-Davis Bill sought to make it more difficult than Lincoln desired for those states which had left the Union to return.

Question 80

The most ambitious goal of the Radical Republicans was to reform landownership in the South.