Deck 4: Body Mechanics

Question 1

How are compressive forces directed to intervertebral discs during lumbar lordosis?

A) Anteriorly
B) Posteriorly
C) Laterally
D) Superiorly

Answer 1

A
Compression forces to intervertebral discs are directed anteriorly rather than posteriorly during lumbar lordosis,a direction that reduces the potential for a posterolateral rupture of the disc.

Question 2

What area of the spine is host to most injuries caused by lifting?

A) Cervical
B) Thoracic
C) Lumbar
D) Sacrococcygeal

Answer 2

C
The lumbar area of the spine is where most injuries due to lifting or associated activities (e.g.,shoveling,raking,or reaching above the head)occur.Stress to the lumbar spine can be caused by the posture a person uses to lift,the weight or size of the object lifted,the repetitiveness of the activity,the physical condition of the structures of the lumbar area,or the sustainment of a flexed lumbar spine.

Question 3

How should objects above shoulder or head height be approached?

A) Standing on your toes with arms stretched above your head
B) Standing on a rolling chair
C) Standing on a wide-based footstool or ladder
D) By jumping and grasping quickly

Answer 3

C
Reaching for an object above your shoulder or head will be less strenuous if the object is lowered or if you raise your position by standing on a wide-based footstool or ladder.These actions approximate the COG of the object and your COG,allow the use of shortened extremity lever arms,and decrease strain to back structures.

Question 4

How should patients breathe when performing physical activities,specifically lifting?

A) Shallowly
B) Normally
C) Slowly
D) Breath should be held

Question 5

Which lift involves placing the object to be lifted on the thigh of the flexed lower extremity and moving it close to the body before the flexed lower extremity begins rising to standing?

A) Straight leg lift
B) One-leg stance lift
C) Deep squat lift
D) Half-kneeling lift

Question 6

Which lift involves picking up an object in a manner similar to the way a golfer removes a golf ball from the cup?

A) Straight leg lift
B) One-leg stance lift
C) Deep squat lift
D) Half-kneeling lift

Question 7

Which trunk position has the greatest potential to cause damage in the act of lifting or reaching for an object?

A) Neutral lordosis
B) Trunk extension
C) Simultaneous trunk flexion and rotation
D) Side bending

Question 8

What equation is used to determine torque?

A) Force × distance
B) Acceleration × time
C) Mass × acceleration
D) Time/distance

Question 9

What recommendation is helpful for reducing the body stress of an employee whose work requires a standing posture?

A) Wear high-heeled shoes.
B) Take a break every 4 hours to stretch the low back.
C) Stand on a cushioned mat in the work area.
D) Wear shoes without significant arch support.

Question 10

For a person sitting at a computer terminal,at what level should the vision display be directed?

A) 40 degrees above horizontal
B) 15 degrees above horizontal
C) 10 degrees below horizontal
D) 35 degrees below horizontal

Question 11

For a person seated at a workstation for prolonged periods,at what angle should the elbows,knees,and hips be bent?

A) 125 degrees
B) 110 degrees
C) 90 degrees
D) 75 degrees

Question 12

At what level is the approximate center of gravity (COG)of a standing person?

A) The iliac crest
B) The navel
C) The first lumbar segment
D) The second sacral segment

Question 13

Which posture is recommended for performing activities below the waist,such as removing clothes from a front-loading dryer?

A) Flexing forward at the hips with the knees extended
B) Rotating at the spine while squatting
C) Flexing at the hips while rotating at the spine
D) Sitting, stooping, or kneeling

Question 14

Which of the following would increase an individual's base of support (BOS)?

A) Placing the feet farther apart in an anterior-posterior stance
B) Placing the feet farther apart in a medial-lateral stance
C) Using crutches, canes, or a walker
D) All of the above

Question 15

In coordinating a lifting activity with others,how should directions be given?

A) As brief, concise, and action-oriented commands
B) In the form of elaborate and detailed explanation
C) Mostly with the use of hand gestures
D) As quickly and loudly as possible

Question 16

Through which anatomical structure should a plumb line run during ideal postural alignment?

A) Lateral malleolus
B) Scapula
C) Greater trochanter
D) Bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 17

For removing groceries,tools,or other items from the trunk of a car,which of the following body mechanics principles is recommended?

A) Bend at the waist and lift
B) Bend your hips and knees slightly
C) Keep the object away from your body during lifting
D) Avoid bending the knees

Question 18

In an attempt to lift an object,which two measures are recommended for proper body mechanics?

A) Increasing your base of support, positioning your COG near the object's COG
B) Decreasing your base of support, positioning your COG near the object's COG
C) Increasing your base of support, positioning your COG far from the object's COG
D) Decreasing your base of support, positioning your COG far from the object's COG

Question 19

In which plane does an individual's vertical gravity line lie?

A) Mid-sagittal
B) Scapular
C) Transverse
D) None of the above

Question 20

Which muscle group is most important for movements and lifts that require extra effort?

A) Scapular stabilizers
B) Core stabilizers
C) Ankle stabilizers
D) Knee stabilizers