Deck 4: Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Question 1

In rabbits, full coat color (c) is the dominant trait. A second allele, chinchilla (c^ch) is recessive to full coat color. Himalayan coat color (c^h) is recessive to chinchilla and full coat colors and albino (c) is recessive to all coat colors. If two chinchilla rabbits mate, what coat color is not possible in their offspring?

A) Full coat color
B) Chinchilla coat color
C) Himalayan coat color
D) Albino coat color
E) All coat colors are possible

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An individual with type A blood and an individual with type B blood mate and have offspring. What blood type is not possible in their offspring?

A)Type O blood
B)Type A blood
C)Type B blood
D)Type AB blood
E)All blood types are possible

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Huntington disease in humans is an example of a(n) ____________.

A)essential gene
B)lethal allele
C)semilethal allele
D)nonessential gene
E) conditional lethal allele

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A paralog ____________.

A) is found for every gene in mammals
B) is only found on the X but not the Y chromosome
C) can explain the lack of phenotype for a gene knockout
D) cannot be mutated
E) has the same DNA sequence as the original duplicated gene

Question 5

For a certain trait, a heterozygous individual has a selective advantage as compared to a homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive individual. This is called ________.

A) codominance
B) incomplete dominance
C) overdominance
D) incomplete penetrance
E) multiple allele systems

Question 6

At the molecular level, which of the following best explain heterozygous advantage and overdominance?

A) A heterozygous individual can produce more varieties of homodimer proteins
B) The alleles produce two different proteins with slightly different functions
C) The proteins produced by the alleles may provide a broader range of environmental tolerance, such as temperature ranges
D) Infectious organisms may recognize only a specific functional protein
E) All of the answers are possibilities

Question 7

If a geneticist describes a trait as being 70% penetrant, what would they mean?

A)Individuals with the trait show variation in expression
B)It is lethal in 30% of the individuals who have the trait
C)Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait
D)The trait is present in 70% of the population

Question 8

Male-pattern baldness is only an autosomal dominant trait in humans.

Question 9

In four-o'clock plants, red flower color is dominant to white flower color. However, heterozygous plants have a pink color. If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, what will be the phenotypic ratios of their offspring?

A) ¼ red, ½ pink, ¼ white
B) All pink
C) All white
D) ½ pink, ½ white
E) ½ red, ½ pink

Question 10

At the molecular level, type A and type B blood differ in which of the following characteristics?

A)The antigens present on the surface of the red blood cells
B)The type of sugar found in each type
C)The antibodies that are generated against the other type of blood
D)All of the answers are correct

Question 11

An individual carries the allele for polydactyly, but is normal. This is an example of __________.

A) simple Mendelian inheritance
B) incomplete dominance
C) incomplete penetrance
D) codominance
E) gene dosage

Question 12

If an allele is dominant in one sex and recessive in another, it is an example of ___________.

A)sex-limited inheritance
B)sex-influenced inheritance
C)incomplete dominance
D)simple Mendelian inheritance

Question 13

The coat characteristics of arctic foxes and Siamese cats, where proteins in the extremities function differently than in other parts of the body, is an example of _________.

A) incomplete dominance
B) multiple allele systems
C) semilethal alleles
D) temperature-sensitive allele
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 14

In human blood groups, the fact that an individual can have an AB blood type is an example of ___________.

A)incomplete dominance
B)incomplete penetrance
C)sex-influenced trait
D)temperature-sensitive conditional allele
E) codominance

Question 15

A woman who is heterozygous for an allele that results in X-linked pattern baldness marries a man who is nonbald. Which of the following would be true of their offspring?

A)All would be bald
B)All of the females would be nonbald, all males would be bald
C)All of the females would be nonbald, ½ of the males would be bald
D)½ of females would be bald, and ½ of the males would be bald
E)All would be nonbald

Question 16

Temperature-sensitive alleles are examples of _________.

A)essential genes
B)lethal alleles
C)semilethal alleles
D)nonessential genes
E) conditional lethal alleles

Question 17

Humans homozygous for the sickle cell allele have sickle cell anemia. A human that is heterozygous for the sickle cell allele is an example of _____________.

A) codominance
B) incomplete penetrance
C) heterozygous advantage
D) multiple allele systems

Question 18

A heterozygote possesses a phenotype that is intermediate between the homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive phenotypes. This is most likely an example of ________.

A)lethal alleles
B)incomplete dominance
C)gene dosage
D)sex-influenced inheritance

Question 19

Genes that are not required for survival, but are likely to be beneficial to the organism, are called _________.

A)essential genes
B)lethal alleles
C)semilethal alleles
D)nonessential genes
E) conditional lethal alleles

Question 20

Phenylketonuria in humans is an example of __________.

A)incomplete penetrance
B)codominance
C)an environmentally-influenced trait
D)incomplete dominance

Question 21

How did Bateson and Punnett's work with comb morphology in chickens differ from the dihybrid work of Mendel?

A)They were working with sex-limited traits.
B)Their F₂ offspring displayed 4 unique phenotypes, not the four combinations of two phenotypes expected in a Mendelian cross.
C)½ of their combinations were lethal.
D)The expression of their trait varied by the environment in which the chickens were raised.

Question 22

A _______ allele encodes a protein that is made in the proper amount and functions normally.

A) loss-of-function
B) mutant
C) wild-type
D) gain-of-function
E) lethal

Question 23

In a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous individuals, you expect a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the offspring, but observe a ratio of 9:7. What is the most likely explantation?

A)Codominance
B)It is a sex-limited trait
C)Simple Mendelian inheritance
D)Incomplete penetrance
E) Epistatic interaction of the two genes

Question 24

In overdominance, the _______ genotype is beneficial over the _______ genotypes.

A)heterozygous, homozygous
B)homozygous, heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive
D)homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant
E)incomplete dominant, codominant

Question 25

If a combination of two or more genes is required to produce a specific trait, it is called a(n) _______.

A) overdominance
B) simple mendelian trait
C) sex-influenced trait
D) sex-linked trait
E) gene interaction

Question 26

In an epistatic interaction, the genes must be located on the same chromosome.

Question 27

Human blood groups are determined by antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Question 28

The presence of a group of antigens that determine blood type is an example of a(n) ____________.

A) semilethal allele
B) sex-linked trait
C) multiple allele system
D) incomplete dominance

Question 29

The trait of cream-colored eyes in Drosophila is an example of ________.

A)simple recessive alleles
B)incomplete penetrance of red eyes
C)a gene modifier effect in eye color
D)gene dosage
E) a spontaneous mutation

Question 30

The interaction of two genes to produce a phenotype was first described by __________.

A)Morgan and Bridges
B)Mendel
C)Darwin
D)Bateson and Punnett
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 31

Variable expressivity means that the phenotype of a trait can vary between individuals.

Question 32

Which of the following is not correct concerning epistatic interactions?

A)They can be associated with enzymatic pathways.
B)They produce variations in the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio of a dihybrid cross.
C)They can result when a gene at one locus masks the expression of a gene at a different locus.
D)They always result in a 9:7 ratio of a dihybrid cross.
E) They are due to gene interactions.

Question 33

Incomplete dominance is an example of blending of phenotypes, not genotypes.

Question 34

Typically, a recessive allele increases the expression of a functional protein.

Question 35

Incomplete penetrance indicates that individuals who possess a dominant trait always express the trait.

Question 36

Epistasis is _______________.

A)another term for overdominance
B)when one gene can mask the expression of a second gene
C)a trait that is only expressed in one sex of the species
D)when two dominant alleles can be expressed in the same individual
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 37

When wild-type offspring are produced from a cross between parents that both display the same recessive phenotype, this illustrates the genetic phenomenon of _______.

A) simple recessive alleles
B) incomplete penetrance
C) complementation
D) gene dosage
E) a spontaneous mutation

Question 38

In cattle, the presence or absence of scurs follows a sex-influenced pattern of inheritance. A heterozygous male has _______ and a heterozygous female has _______ .

A) Y-linked, X-linked
B) no scurs, scurs
C) X-linked, Y-linked
D) scurs, no scurs

Question 39

Paralogs are often functionally redundant and can compensate for the loss of either of the paralogs in a set.

Question 40

The multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism is called _______.

A)epistasis
B)penetrance
C)expressivity
D)overdominance
E) pleiotropy

Question 41

Heavy metals, such as copper, are required for proper development. However, if too much copper is present it can lead to developmental defects. A scientist was interested in studying the developmental defects that could occur at various concentrations of copper. Genetically identical organisms were grown in 6 different concentrations of copper. This experiment evaluates a(n) _____________.

A) epistasis
B) dominant trait
C) recessive trait
D) norm of reaction

Question 42

The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a rare allele for one family. The filled in circles and square show affected individuals. What is the probability of individual III-2 being born female and affected?

A) 1/2
B) 1/3
C) 1/4
D) 0

Question 43

The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a rare allele for one family. The filled in circles and square show affected individuals. What is the probability of individual III-2 being born male and affected?

A) 1/2
B) 1/3
C) 1/4
D) 0

Question 44

If a light-eosin eye male Drosophila is crossed to a homozygous red eyed female, what will be the phenotype of their offspring?

A)All offspring will have red eyes.
B)All males will have light-eosin eyes and all females will have eosin eye
C)All females will have red eyes, all males will have light-eosin eyes.
D)All flies will have white eyes.

Question 45

Filled in circles and square show affected individuals. Select the mode of inheritance for individual III-3

A) Incomplete dominance
B) Codominance
C) Pseudoautosomal inheritance
D) X-linked inheritance

Question 46

A male Manx cat and a female Manx cat produce kitten. What is the probability that kitten has a non-manx tail?

A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 1/4
D) 2/3