Deck 19: From Crisis to Empire Key

Question 1

In the late nineteenth century,as veterans of the Civil War retired,

A) the federal government gave pensions to both Union and Confederate veterans.
B) they were forced to do without military pensions of any kind.
C) a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions.
D) the federal government created a pension system for all retired Americans.
E) they were paid pensions by individual states, but not by the federal government.

Answer 1

a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions.

Question 2

Chester A.Arthur

A)had long been a fierce opponent of Roscoe Conkling.
B)supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform.
C)upset reformers by supporting the political "spoils system."
D)quickly replaced most of James Garfield's appointees.
E)was a political novice when he assumed the presidency.

Answer 2

supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform.

Question 3

Throughout the late nineteenth century,the federal government

A) funded large public-works projects to alleviate unemployment.
B) developed a prominent role in international relations.
C) was relatively inactive.
D) had no meaningful responsibilities.
E) shrank in size in terms of employees and budget expenditures.

Answer 3

was relatively inactive.

Question 4

Samuel Burchard's "rum,Romanism,and rebellion" speech during the election of 1884 most hurt

A)James G.Blaine.
B)Chester A.Arthur.
C)Roscoe Conkling.
D)Grover Cleveland.
E)Benjamin Harrison.

Question 5

For many middle-class Americans,the major labor upheavals of the late nineteenth century

A) were evidence that the inequalities of capitalism needed to be addressed.
B) drew little interest outside of large urban cities.
C) suggested that a Labor Party, if founded, might eventually capture the presidency.
D) were dangerous signs of social instability.
E) were clear indications of the excessive power of monopolies.

Question 6

The election of 1892

A) saw few Populist-backed candidates get elected.
B) exposed the declining political power of farmers.
C) saw the debut of the People's Party.
D) saw Populism do well at the local level but fail to elect anyone to Congress.
E) saw the Republicans sweep into dominant power.

Question 7

In 1894,Jacob Coxey and his supporters

A) organized a march on Washington as part of plans to overthrow the government.
B) were arrested by police, with many later deported as anarchists.
C) called for a public works program for the unemployed.
D) demanded that Congress establish a program of unemployment insurance.
E) demanded that Congress nationalize the railroads.

Question 8

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

A) All these answers are correct.
B) had little practical effect for decades.
C) created a five-person commission to oversee the act.
D) both created a five-person commission to oversee the act, and had little practical effect for decades.
E) put in place a series of regulations for railroad companies.

Question 9

The Panic of 1893

A) was blamed largely on Populist politics.
B) triggered the nation's most severe depression up to that point.
C) began with a drought in the Midwest.
D) grew out of the Cleveland administration's attempts at monetary reform.
E) grew out of a political scandal in the Cleveland administration.

Question 10

In the late nineteenth century,the most striking feature of the American party system was its

A) lack of corruption.
B) multiple parties.
C) ideological divisions.
D) general activism.
E) remarkable stability.

Question 11

In his second term,President Grover Cleveland

A) followed policies similar to those of his first term.
B) grew more active in social reform.
C) faced a Republican-controlled Congress.
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) changed his position on tariffs.

Question 12

In 1892,the People's Party called for

A) the federal government to purchase surplus crops.
B) government subsidies of water for agricultural use.
C) a flat income tax for all rural businesses.
D) a government network of crop warehouses.
E) government subsidies of wheat, corn, and cotton.

Question 13

In the 1888 election,the position of primary importance to the Republican Party was

A) a prohibition on alcohol.
B) support for public education.
C) reductions in taxation.
D) restrictions on immigration.
E) support for high tariffs.

Question 14

In the late nineteenth century,Democrats tended to attract greater numbers of

A) the middle class.
B) Catholics.
C) northern blacks.
D) citizens of old American stock.
E) Protestants.

Question 15

The election of 1888

A) involved clear differences on tariff issues between the major parties.
B) produced a clear mandate from the voters for political reform.
C) was one of the few elections during this era to escape charges of corruption.
D) was decided by Congress.
E) saw the Democrats take back the White House.

Question 16

What statement regarding the national Grange movement is FALSE?

A) At their peak, Grange supporters controlled the legislatures of most Midwest states.
B) It was greatly strengthened by the end of the economic depression in the late 1870s.
C) The political inexperience of many Grange leaders hurt the movement.
D) It attempted to teach new scientific farming techniques to its members.
E) It sought to regulate the power and practices of railroads and warehouses.

Question 17

An examination of American voters in the late nineteenth century reveals

A) voter turnout for both presidential and nonpresidential elections was very high.
B) poor whites in the south made up the largest demographic of American voters.
C) there was greater voter interest in local elections than in national elections.
D) voters did not strongly identify with either the Republican or Democratic Party.
E) southern white males voted Republican as a matter of unquestioned faith.

Question 18

The political battles between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds constituted a fight

A) within the Democratic Party.
B) that ultimately redefined national political practices.
C) between Republican traditionalists and reformers.
D) that revolved around the temperance movement.
E) over the legacy of Reconstruction.

Question 19

The Farmers' Alliances

A) sought a closer working relationship with banks than had the Grange movement.
B) were far more widespread than the Grange movement.
C) had more effective and better-managed cooperatives than the Grange movement.
D) were created to replace Grange associations.
E) shunned the political system, emphasizing instead education and organization.

Question 20

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

A) was strengthened by the courts over the next decade.
B) signified that the era of trusts was ending.
C) was strongly opposed by congressional Republicans.
D) mirrored legislation passed earlier in New Jersey and Delaware.
E) was indifferently enforced and weakened by the courts.

Question 21

The bulk of U.S.soldiers in the Spanish-American War came from

A) the federal professional army.
B) National Guard units.
C) hired mercenaries.
D) volunteers.
E) a draft.

Question 22

Prior to its annexation by the United States in 1898,Hawaii

A) had a native population of under ten thousand inhabitants.
B) did not have a sugar industry.
C) had little contact with the United States.
D) was largely governed by a representative assembly.
E) had witnessed a revolution staged by American planters.

Question 23

Arguments used by Social Darwinists in the United States to justify expansionism

A) were created and first promoted by Charles Darwin himself.
B) differed sharply from arguments used for domestic economic affairs.
C) contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive.
D) included the belief that weak nations should be left room to develop.
E) suggested that harmony among "races" depended on open markets and free trade.

Question 24

The Spanish-American War began primarily because of events in

A) the Philippines.
B) Cuba.
C) Guatemala.
D) Puerto Rico.
E) Mexico.

Question 25

The American politician who referred to the Spanish-American conflict as "a splendid little war" was

A) Theodore Roosevelt.
B) William Jennings Bryan.
C) William McKinley.
D) John Hay.
E) Elihu Root.

Question 26

The congressional law of 1873 that officially discontinued silver coinage

A) became known to critics as the "Crime of '73."
B) was passed because the value of silver had fallen to an all-time low.
C) was passed over the strong objections of farmers.
D) was hotly debated at the time.
E) was passed to benefit international trade merchants.

Question 27

The author of The Influence of Sea Power upon History believed the United States

A) should go to war with England to destroy its navy.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) should take possession of the Hawaiian Islands.
D) had too cumbersome a navy and should streamline it by decommissioning capital ships.
E) should both take possession of the Hawaiian Islands and go to war with England to destroy its navy.

Question 28

American agriculture at the turn of the century benefited from

A) new federal crop subsidies.
B) foreign crop failures.
C) a new silver agreement with Great Britain and France.
D) free trade agreements negotiated by William McKinley.
E) new discoveries of silver.

Question 29

Theodore Roosevelt's famous charge in the battle of San Juan Hill,in the Spanish-American War,

A) has been considered bold and reckless.
B) actually took place on Kettle Hill.
C) resulted in nearly a hundred American dead or wounded.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) was a minor part of the battle.

Question 30

In the campaign of 1896,William McKinley

A) was significantly outspent by his opponent.
B) appealed to the interests of urban industrial workers.
C) campaigned largely from his house.
D) alienated Protestants by reaching out to Catholics.
E) embarked on an unprecedented public-speaking tour.

Question 31

The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 called for the federal government to

A) purchase silver but not coin it.
B) abandon the gold standard.
C) change the ratio of silver to gold to 20:1.
D) purchase and coin silver.
E) expand the nation's currency supply.

Question 32

As the Republican Party approached the 1896 election,they were

A) confident of victory.
B) deeply divided over their candidate.
C) in agreement that unemployment would be the major issue.
D) deeply divided over their candidate, but confident of victory.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 33

In the late nineteenth century,the United States' interest in Samoa saw competition from

A) Russia.
B) Japan.
C) Spain.
D) Australia.
E) Germany.

Question 34

In 1896,the major economic issue for William McKinley's administration was

A) the repeal of the Specie Resumption Act.
B) the need for higher tariff rates.
C) the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.
D) labor unrest.
E) the restoration of "bimetallism."

Question 35

The author who called on the United States to increase its naval forces in his book,The Influence of Sea Power upon History,was

A)James G.Blaine.
B)Leonard Wood.
C)Alfred T.Mahan.
D)Richard Olney.
E)William McKinley.

Question 36

The leader of Hawaii who was forced to yield authority to the American government upon annexation was

A)G.P.Judd.
B)Queen Liliuokalani.
C)King Kamehameha I.
D)King Kamehameha III.
E)William Hooper.

Question 37

Which of the following statements regarding the Spanish-American War is FALSE?

A) U.S. Army soldiers were well-equipped and supplied.
B) Most Americans shared the opinion that it was a "splendid little war."
C) Cuban rebels did most of the fighting even after the Americans joined in the war.
D) The war lasted only a few months, with fewer than 500 American battle casualties.
E) More than 5,000 U.S. soldiers died from disease during the war.

Question 38

The "Cross of Gold" speech was given in 1896 by

A) Mark Hanna.
B) James Weaver.
C) William Jennings Bryan.
D) Grover Cleveland.
E) William McKinley.

Question 39

William Jennings Bryan was nominated for president in the 1896 election by the

A) Democrats and Populists.
B) Populists.
C) Farmers' Alliance.
D) Republicans.
E) Democrats.

Question 40

In the early stage of the Spanish-American War,Commodore George Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in

A) Manila Harbor.
B) Port-au-Prince.
C) Puerto Rico.
D) Havana Harbor.
E) the Gulf of Mexico.

Question 41

Beginning in 1898,the American war in the Philippines

A) was led by General George Pershing.
B) saw close to 10,000 Filipinos die in the conflict.
C) lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths.
D) saw the United States withdraw its military and negotiate a diplomatic end to the conflict.
E) went much more smoothly than the recent Spanish-American War.

Question 42

The new People's Party sought to build a broad coalition but appealed mostly to farmers.

Question 43

The two-party system of the late nineteenth century was remarkably stable.

Question 44

In 1899,supporters of the annexation of the Philippines argued the United States had set a precedent for taking land while treating its inhabitants as dependents with the case of the

A) nation's claiming of Florida from Spain in 1819.
B) United States' claiming of California and Texas after the Mexican War.
C) United States' taking of Hawaii in 1898.
D) North's occupation of the South following the Civil War.
E) federal government's treatment of American Indians.

Question 45

The Republican Party of the late nineteenth century appealed primarily to Protestants,in both the North and the South.

Question 46

According to the terms of the 1901 Platt Amendment,

A) Cuba was to be granted full political independence.
B) Cuba was to be made a demilitarized region.
C) the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba to protect life and property.
D) the U.S. Congress had to approve each member of the Cuban legislature.
E) Cuba could only form treaties with nations that were allied with the United States.

Question 47

The man appointed to supervise a major overhaul of the armed forces was

A) Arthur MacArthur.
B) William Howard Taft.
C) William Shafter.
D) Leonard Wood.
E) Elihu Root.

Question 48

Criticisms within the United States regarding American colonialism included all the following major arguments EXCEPT that

A) foreign obligations and entangling alliances would threaten American liberties.
B) the nation's population would be "polluted" by "inferior" races.
C) imperialism was immoral and contrary to the nation's commitment to human freedom.
D) imperialism would mean a flood of cheap laborers and unwelcome competition.
E) the financial costs of administering colonies would require burdensome taxes.

Question 49

The Chinese Boxer Rebellion of 1900 was directed at

A) the growing Chinese communist movement.
B) all foreigners in China.
C) the Chinese government.
D) Americans in China.
E) Japanese in China.

Question 50

The Foraker Act of 1900

A) called for Puerto Rico to be considered for statehood.
B) abolished slavery in Puerto Rico.
C) put Puerto Rico under American military rule.
D) made all Puerto Ricans citizens of the United States.
E) established an American colonial government over Puerto Rico.

Question 51

Voter turnout for presidential elections in the late nineteenth century was very high,averaging over seventy-eight percent of all eligible voters.

Question 52

The Treaty of Paris concluding the Spanish-American War

A) was quickly ratified by the United States Senate.
B) required Spain to pay the United States $20 million for its military costs.
C) rejected most of the terms of the earlier armistice.
D) transferred the Philippines and Puerto Rico to the United States.
E) was rejected by Spain and was never implemented.

Question 53

In the early twentieth century,Cuba

A) won a large measure of political independence from the United States.
B) attracted little investment by American businesses.
C) developed a stable economy through its sugar industry.
D) was occupied by troops from the United States for years at a time.
E) saw intermittent resistance against "Yankee imperialism."

Question 54

The "Open Door notes"

A) argued that Japan should open its borders to free trade.
B) gave the United States a reason to be militarily involved in China.
C) were directed to imperial powers in Europe and Asia.
D) sought to give the United States a monopoly on trade with China.
E) were written by Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 55

In the early 1900s,which American dependency did NOT receive territorial status?

A) Cuba
B) Puerto Rico
C) Hawaii
D) Alaska
E) None of these answers is correct, as all received territorial status.

Question 56

President Cleveland generally questioned the wisdom of protective tariffs.

Question 57

The first civilian governor of the Philippines,who gave Filipinos broad local autonomy,was

A) Emilio Aguinaldo.
B) Elihu Root.
C) Theodore Roosevelt.
D) Arthur MacArthur.
E) William Howard Taft.

Question 58

The Spanish-American War revealed to American military planners

A) the necessity of maintaining a military draft.
B) that they should never fight another war in the malaria-infested Caribbean.
C) that National Guard troops were less reliable than federal troops.
D) the need to desegregate the armed forces.
E) the need to correct glaring deficiencies in the army.

Question 59

During its short life,Populism was able to attract significant industrial labor support.

Question 60

Bigotry was the dominant force behind the Populist movement.

Question 61

The United States led Europe in establishing an empire in the late nineteenth century.

Question 62

The Treaty of Paris of 1898 required Spain to cede Cuba,Puerto Rico,and Guam to American control,without any compensation.

Question 63

The economic collapse triggered by the Panic of 1893 was the worst to that point in American history.

Question 64

How did the campaigns of William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan differ in 1896,and why did McKinley win?

Question 65

The Democratic National Convention of 1896 saw the party attempt to incorporate some Populist demands into its platform.

Question 66

In the decade following the Spanish-American War,American troops could be found in both Cuba and the Philippines.

Question 67

In 1896,the Populists refused to join with the Democrats.

Question 68

The fact that black Cuban soldiers fought alongside whites as equals gave black American soldiers a stronger sense of the injustices they faced.

Question 69

For the ten years before 1899,America jockeyed over dominance of Samoa with Spain and France.

Question 70

The Platt Amendment left the Philippines only nominally independent,politically.

Question 71

Why were presidential administrations from both major political parties in the late nineteenth century generally inactive and engaged in few responsibilities?

Question 72

A naval court of inquiry reported that the Maine had been blown up by an external explosion.

Question 73

How does Populism fit into the traditions of American democracy both before and since the late nineteenth century?

Question 74

The United States was forced to rely on the regular army and a military draft in fighting the Spanish-American War.

Question 75

The American annexation of Puerto Rico produced a storm of protest in the United States.

Question 76

Describe which Populist ideas of the late nineteenth century differed from those of the Republican or Democratic Parties.

Question 77

What drew the anger of disgruntled farmers in the late nineteenth century,and why?

Question 78

In the last few months leading up to war with Spain,President McKinley sought to involve the United States in the conflict in Cuba.

Question 79

What was the "silver question" in the 1890s,and why was it such a prominent issue?

Question 80

American interest in a war with Cuba was spurred by the 1895 death of Valeriano Weyler,head of the Cuban Revolutionary Party.