Deck 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Late-maturing boys are more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the pituitary gland?

A) It causes the testes to decrease their output of testosterone.
B) It releases hormones that control physical growth and the gonads.
C) It stimulates the hypothalamus, perpetuating the feedback loop.
D) It prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Students from high-income households and small urban areas are at greater risk of dropping out of school.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by irrational fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and severe weight loss.

Question 5

Which of the following is a sex hormone?

A) Androgen
B) Insulin
C) Renin
D) Secretin

Question 6

The transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by an increase in grades and participation in school activities.

Question 7

Bulimia nervosa is connected with irregular menstrual cycles.

Question 8

Which of the following stages of development is characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce?

A) Latency
B) Puberty
C) Formal operations
D) Concrete operations

Question 9

In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the gonads?

A) They stimulate the testes to increase their output of testosterone, leading to development of genitals.
B) They trigger abnormalities in the endocrine system.
C) They stimulate the hypothalamus, perpetuating the feedback loop.
D) They respond to pituitary hormones by increasing their production of sex hormones.

Question 10

The transition from elementary school appears to be more difficult for boys than girls.

Question 11

The personal fable is connected with such behaviors as being reserved and avoiding risks.

Question 12

Testosterone typically brakes the male growth spurt some years before estrogen brakes that of females.

Question 13

Disadvantaged adolescent female African Americans are more likely to graduate from high school and avoid coercive romantic relationships.

Question 14

In the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards.

Question 15

Abstinence syndrome is a characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden increase in the level of usage of a substance.

Question 16

The secondary sex characteristics are the structures that make reproduction possible.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of sex hormones?

A) They trigger the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics.
B) They respond to pituitary hormones by increasing their production of gonads.
C) They control the production of antibodies by the immune system.
D) They signal the pituitary gland, which, in turn, releases hormones.

Question 18

Boys stop growing out of their pants about a year before they stop growing out of their jackets.

Question 19

Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to visualize objects or shapes and to mentally manipulate and rotate them.

Question 20

In middle childhood, preconventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments.

Question 21

Calcium intake is particularly important to females to:

A) avoid early puberty.
B) avoid abnormalities in the endocrine system.
C) prevent early menopause.
D) prevent osteoporosis later in life.

Question 22

Which of the following is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging?

A) Gynecomastia
B) Osteoporosis
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 23

Which of the following triggers the development of acne?

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Testosterone
D) Serotonin

Question 24

In comparison with their late-maturing peers, early-maturing boys are:

A) likely to be more dependent and insecure.
B) more likely to bullied and dominated.
C) less aggressive and less delinquent.
D) more poised, relaxed, and good-natured.

Question 25

Which of the following is a difference between early-maturing girls and girls who mature later on?

A) Early-maturing girls are at lower risk for psychological problems than girls who mature later on.
B) Early-maturing girls find that shorter boys are less reluctant to approach them than girls who mature later on.
C) Early-maturing girls are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on.
D) Early-maturing girls obtain higher grades in school than girls who mature later on.

Question 26

Bulimia nervosa, like anorexia nervosa, _____.

A) is connected with irregular menstrual cycles
B) involves following a good diet to maintain a healthful weight
C) afflicts males more than females during adolescence
D) is related to severe weight gain

Question 27

Which of the following is true of the adolescent growth spurt?

A) Adolescents tend to eat enormous quantities of food to fuel their growth spurts.
B) Boys start to spurt in height sooner than girls, at an average age of a little more than ten.
C) Girls gain twice as much muscle tissue as boys while going through growth spurts.
D) Adolescents begin to spurt in height about half a year after they begin to spurt in weight.

Question 28

In girls, the pituitary gland:

A) enables growth spurts in height and weight.
B) stimulates the testes to increase their output of testosterone.
C) signals the ovaries to boost estrogen production at puberty.
D) prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A) Binge eating
B) A distorted body image
C) An increase in bone density
D) A dramatic weight gain

Question 30

_____ is a condition involving progressive loss of bone tissue.

A) Menarche
B) Menopause
C) Gynecomastia
D) Osteoporosis

Question 31

Which of the following is a difference between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics?

A) The primary sex characteristics are physical indicators of sexual maturation, while the secondary sex characteristics trigger the development of sex hormones.
B) The primary sex characteristics are structures that make reproduction possible, while the secondary sex characteristics are not directly involved in reproduction.
C) The primary sex characteristics include breast development, while the secondary sex characteristics include the ovaries and testes.
D) The primary sex characteristics respond to pituitary hormones, while the secondary sex characteristics do not respond to pituitary hormones.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true of gynecomastia?

A) It prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.
B) It is commonly experienced by adolescent girls.
C) It usually progresses over time and is present throughout the lifetime of an individual.
D) It stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the testes.

Question 33

Which of the following is the first noticeable sign of puberty in boys?

A) Development of pubic hair
B) Outburst of acne
C) Deepening of the voice
D) Accelerated growth of the testes

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true of alcohol?

A) It increases inhibitions.
B) It improves concentration.
C) It improves coordination.
D) It distorts perceptions.

Question 35

Which of the following brakes the female growth spurt during adolescence?

A) Testosterone
B) Menarche
C) Estrogen
D) Epiphyseal closure

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true of estrogen?

A) It promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks.
B) It accelerates the female growth spurt some years after testosterone accelerates that of males.
C) It prevents the long bones from making further gains in length in females.
D) It stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the testes.

Question 37

Which of the following is a depressant?

A) Barbiturate
B) Marijuana
C) Cocaine
D) Amphetamine

Question 38

At age 20 or 21, men stop growing taller because testosterone causes_____, which prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.

A) nocturnal emission
B) epiphyseal closure
C) osteoporosis
D) gynecomastia

Question 39

_____ is a characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in the level of usage of a substance.

A) Substance use disorder
B) Abstinence syndrome
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Bulimia nervosa

Question 40

According to a study by Vroman in 2010, late-maturing boys are:

A) less likely to get involved in substance abuse than early-maturing boys.
B) more dependent and insecure than early-maturing boys.
C) more aggressive and delinquent than early-maturing boys.
D) more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys.

Question 41

The stage of _____ is the top level in Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory.

A) social cognition
B) latency
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true of cocaine?

A) It dilates the arteries of the heart.
B) It spikes the blood pressure.
C) It decreases the heart rate.
D) It thins the blood.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true of marijuana?

A) It helps users relax and elevates their mood.
B) It enhances short-term memory of users.
C) It helps users in better perceptual-motor coordination.
D) It decreases sensory awareness of users.

Question 44

In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of:

A) rules and laws.
B) rewards and punishments.
C) ethical principles.
D) cognitive abilities.

Question 45

The transition to middle, junior high, or high school generally involves a shift from a smaller neighborhood elementary school to a school that:

A) prioritizes sports over academics.
B) has different teachers for different classes.
C) focuses on increased autonomy for students.
D) has a more personal setting with fewer students.

Question 46

Which of the following is a stimulant?

A) Alcohol
B) Heroin
C) Amphetamine
D) Barbiturate

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of personal fable?

A) Darren, a 15-year-old, is a chain smoker and feels invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine.
B) Jack, a 14-year-old, believes in magic, mythical creatures, and the supernatural.
C) Renato, a 14-year-old, is worried that he will die because he smoked a pack of cigarette.
D) Oscar, a 13-year-old, believes that others are constantly watching and paying attention to him.

Question 48

For adolescents, the transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by:

A) an increased participation in school activities.
B) a decline in grades.
C) a rise in self-esteem.
D) a decrease in stress.

Question 49

Jared received a sport utility vehicle as a present from his dad for his seventeenth birthday. As a result, he has become quite popular among his schoolmates. He often brags about his new car and takes his friends on long rides, usually driving over the speed limit. He believes that driving at high speeds is a thrilling experience. He considers himself too smart to be caught by cops for violating the traffic rules. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) learned helplessness
C) personal fable
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 50

Which of the following best describes personal fable?

A) The belief that moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people should look to themselves to set moral standards
B) The belief that a person's feelings and ideas are special and unique and that he or she is invulnerable
C) The belief in magic, mythical creatures, and the supernatural during adolescence
D) The belief that others around a person are as concerned with his or her thoughts and behaviors as he or she is

Question 51

Ahmed is a social activist. He organized demonstrations and other forms of civil disobedience in California against fur dealers because he firmly believes that it is wrong to kill animals for their fur. According to Kohlberg, Ahmed is in _____ of postconventional level of moral development.

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 3
C) Stage 4
D) Stage 6

Question 52

According to Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 6?

A) It recognizes that laws stem from agreed-on procedures and that many rights have great value and should not be violated.
B) It relies on supposed universal ethical principles, such as those of human life, individual dignity, justice, and reciprocity.
C) It contends that right and wrong should be judged in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws.
D) It assets that adolescents derive conclusions about what they should do in various situations by reasoning from ethical principles.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true of gender differences in cognitive abilities?

A) Girls usually outperform boys on many types of visual-spatial tasks.
B) Research indicates that both historically and in recent years female adolescents generally outperform males in mathematics.
C) Girls in the United States are more likely than boys to have reading problems.
D) As a group, females surpass males in verbal ability throughout their lives.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in cognitive abilities?

A) Boys begin to outperform girls on many types of visual-spatial tasks starting at age eight or nine, and the difference persists into adulthood.
B) As a group, males acquire language faster than females and surpass them in verbal ability throughout their lives.
C) Research indicates that both historically and in recent years female adolescents generally outperform males in mathematics.
D) Girls in the United States are more likely than boys to have reading problems.

Question 55

Which of the following provides practice with spatial skills among adolescents?

A) Solving complex mathematics problems
B) Engaging in word games during leisure
C) Playing with toys such as blocks, Legos, and Erector sets
D) Actively participating in community-supporting events

Question 56

According to Kohlberg, _____ is a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral standards.

A) postconventional level
B) conventional level
C) preconventional level
D) transcendental level

Question 57

Which of the following is a hallucinogenic drug?

A) Codeine
B) Barbiturate
C) Marijuana
D) Amphetamine

Question 58

Olivia is attending a birthday party with her friends. She is wearing a new dress that she recently bought from a boutique. She is quite self-conscious about how she's looking in the dress and is assuming that her friends are also scrutinizing her outfit. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

A) learned helplessness
B) imaginary audience
C) personal fable
D) social cognition

Question 59

Children in early childhood tend to view right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments.?Lawrence Kohlberg referred to such judgments as _____.

A) postconventional
B) conventional
C) preconventional
D) transcendental

Question 60

In the context of moral development, in adolescence, many-not all-individuals:

A) become capable of formal-operational thinking.
B) judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws.
C) tend to view right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments.
D) tend to make preconventional judgments.

Question 61

Which of the following is a characteristic of programs designed to prevent school dropouts?

A) Large class size
B) Generic instructions
C) Highly advanced and surreal educational goals
D) Involvement of families or community organizations

Question 62

Marijuana, Ecstasy, LSD, and PCP are examples of _________.
A. stimulants
B. depressants
C. hallucinogenics
D. amphetamines

Question 63

________include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (such as heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (such as barbiturates and methaqualone).
A. Stimulants
B. Depressants
C. Hallucinogenics
D. Amphetamines

Question 64

In middle childhood, _________ thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws.
A. conventional
B. preconventional
C. postconventional
D. transcendental

Question 65

At puberty, the _________ stimulates the testes to increase their output of testosterone, leading to further development of the male genitals.
A. pancreas
B. hypothalamus
C. mammary gland
D. pituitary gland

Question 66

In the _________ of Stage 5, it is recognized that laws stem from agreed-on procedures and that many rights have great value and should not be violated.
A. contractual, legalistic orientation
B. universal ethical principles orientation
C. conventional morality orientation
D. social contract orientation

Question 67

Which of the following is a potential benefit of adolescent employment?

A) Learning to appreciate the value of money and education
B) Avoiding delinquent behavior
C) Experiencing low levels of psychological problems
D) Refraining from using illicit substances and alcohol

Question 68

Evaluate Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Question 69

Which of the following is a predictor of school dropout?

A) Excessive school absence
B) Reading above grade level
C) Being young for one's grade level
D) Being female

Question 70

Who among the following is at greater risk of dropping out of school?

A) Adolescents who adopt adult roles very late
B) Students from low-income households
C) Students from small urban areas
D) Adolescents who are young for one's grade level

Question 71

Describe anorexia nervosa.

Question 72

Explain the concepts of asynchronous growth and the secular trend.

Question 73

_________causes the labia, vagina, and uterus to develop during puberty.
A. Estrogen
B. Androgen
C. Testosterone
D. Serotonin

Question 74

Discuss some common characteristics of programs designed to prevent dropping out of school.

Question 75

According to a study by Brandstätter & Farthofer in 2003, which of the following is common among students who work lengthy hours?

A) Disregard for the value of money and education
B) Higher rates of drug and alcohol use
C) Lowered occupational aspirations
D) Increased indiscipline and irresponsible behavior

Question 76

_________thought, when found, first occurs during adolescence, apparently because formal-operational thinking is a prerequisite for it.
A. Postconventional
B. Preconventional
C. Conventional
D. Transcendental

Question 77

_________is controlled by a feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, the gonads-the ovaries in females and the testes in males-and hormones.
A. Hallucination
B. Puberty
C. Latency
D. Coregulation

Question 78

Discuss the gender differences in visual-spatial ability.

Question 79

Piaget describes the accomplishments of the stage of _________ in terms of an individual's increased ability to classify objects and ideas, engage in logical thought, and hypothesize, just as researchers make hypotheses in their investigations.
A. latency
B. social cognition
C. concrete operations
D. formal operations

Question 80

Girls often develop _________ to lose weight after gains from menarche.
A. binge eating
B. anorexia nervosa
C. gynecomastia
D. osteoporosis