Deck 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Question 1

With the increased availability of fast-food restaurants and media inducements,many children fill up on food that has "empty calories" that do not promote effective growth.Many empty-calorie foods have a high content of

A)minerals.
B)fiber.
C)vitamins.
D)starch.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to nutritionists,breakfast should make up about ________ of the day's calories.

A)one-fourth
B)half
C)one-sixth
D)one-eighth

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Boys are usually stronger than girls because of their greater number of

A)muscle cells.
B)neurons.
C)hepatocytes.
D)stem cells.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Dora is a 6-year-old girl.Which of the following motor skills is she expected to have?

A)throwing a ball 25 feet
B)finger printing using a pencil
C)tying shoes and fastening clothes
D)Judging and intercepting pathways of small balls thrown from a distance

Question 5

A child between 7 and 10 years of age should consume about ________ calories each day.

A)1,300
B)1,200
C)2,400
D)1,100

Question 6

A longitudinal study linked higher amounts of television viewing in childhood and adolescence to which of the following at age 26?

A)depression
B)being overweight
C)criminal behavior
D)heart and lung problems

Question 7

In a recent meta-analysis,better cognitive inhibitory control was linked to

A)enrollment in a sports team.
B)lower rates of television watching.
C)regular physical activity.
D)high-intensity,daily aerobic exercise.

Question 8

Advances in the prefrontal cortex are linked to which of the following in children?

A)increase in the length of limbs
B)increase in body mass
C)improved attention
D)improved muscle growth

Question 9

One less noticeable physical change in middle and late childhood is that

A)head circumference increases in relation to body height.
B)bones continue to ossify.
C)leg length increases in relation to body height.
D)hair continues to grow in length.

Question 10

Recent studies have shown that most American children and adolescents are

A)exercising too much.
B)not exercising enough.
C)exercising just the right amount.
D)exercising only when their parents make them do so.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE about motor development during middle and late childhood?

A)Girls usually outperform boys in gross motor skills.
B)Elementary school children become more fatigued by running than by long periods of sitting.
C)Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.
D)Development during middle and late childhood does not involve fine motor development.

Question 12

The increase in myelination during middle and late childhood is linked to

A)a more effective processing of information on cognitive tasks.
B)an increase in the volume of blood platelets.
C)the incidence of aphasia.
D)the increase in height and the loss of baby fat in middle and late childhood.

Question 13

Robert can use his hands independently,and with ease and precision.His grip strength has also increased.How old is he likely to be,given the development of his motor skills?

A)8
B)6
C)5
D)4

Question 14

From 1 to 3 years of age,infants and toddlers should typically consume about ________ calories per day.

A)300
B)550
C)2,400
D)1,300

Question 15

Which of the following activities is most fatiguing to elementary school children over longer periods of time?

A)bicycling
B)running
C)sitting
D)jumping

Question 16

Which of the following suggests that Fred is at least 10 years old?

A)He can produce a fine-quality craft piece of art.
B)He has started to make simple figures in clay.
C)He has recently learned to balance on one foot without looking.
D)Recently,he has learned how to skip.

Question 17

Increased myelination of the nervous system is reflected in the improvement of ________ during middle and late childhood.

A)gross motor skills
B)immunity
C)height
D)fine motor skills

Question 18

During the middle and late childhood years,children gain about 5 to 7 pounds a year.The weight increase is due mainly to increases in the

A)total volume of baby fat.
B)waist circumference.
C)size of the skeletal and muscular systems.
D)head circumference.

Question 19

Laura,a music instructor,teaches a variety of musical instruments in her school.However,she offers musical lessons only to students who are old enough to learn complicated pieces fairly quickly.Which of the following is MOST likely to be the youngest accepted age for children who are interested in learn in Laura's music school?

A)5 years
B)8 years
C)10 years
D)6 years

Question 20

One shift in activation that occurs as children develop is from diffuse,larger areas to more focal,smaller areas.This shift is characterized by synaptic ________,in which areas of the brain not being used lose synaptic connections and those being used show an increase in connections.

A)spurt
B)shift
C)lapse
D)pruning

Question 21

Which of the following is FALSE concerning parenting and overweight children?

A)Parents play an important role in preventing children from becoming overweight.
B)Children who eat meals with their family tend to be overweight.
C)Parents who restrict sugar-sweetened beverages are helping children monitor their weight.
D)Parents who restrict screen time are helping children monitor their weight.

Question 22

Which of the following should be encouraged for parents of children who participate in sports?

A)yelling at the child
B)pointing out the child's errors in front of others
C)allowing the child to make mistakes
D)comparing the child to more talented children

Question 23

According to research,which of the following is NOT linked to aerobic exercise in children?

A)improved attention
B)improved memory
C)improved creativity
D)improved technological skills

Question 24

Which sports injury in youth football has many people increasingly concerned?

A)broken arm
B)concussion
C)fractured leg
D)broken jaw

Question 25

According to a recent study of 8-year old children who began participating in sports and continued for 24 months,which gender benefits the MOST from participating in sports?

A)boys
B)girls
C)neither
D)both equally

Question 26

Which of the following 9-year-old children are likely to be overweight?

A)Anne,who has myopic vision
B)Jenna,whose mother is obese
C)Bob,who suffers from osteoporosis
D)Robert,whose diet consists of cereals,salads,and lean meat

Question 27

Which of the following should be discouraged for parents of children who participate in sports?

A)allowing the child to ask questions about the sport
B)making sports fun
C)allowing the child to make mistakes
D)comparing the child to more talented children

Question 28

Which of the following children are at the most risk of being overweight?

A)Sara,who has a high metabolic rate
B)Anna,whose diet is rich in proteins and fibers
C)Kay,whose parents allow her only 30 minutes of screen time per day
D)Lara,who has constant access to high fat-content foods

Question 29

Josh is 11 years old and is participating in sports.He is MOST likely to suffer an injury to his

A)hip.
B)spine.
C)arm.
D)chest.

Question 30

According to recent research,obesity among Chinese children ________ from 1993 to 2009.

A)increased significantly
B)decreased significantly
C)stayed the same
D)increased for Chinese boys but not Chinese girls

Question 31

Which of the following is an advantage of aerobic exercise in children?

A)improved audio-visual skills
B)prevention of type 1 diabetes in the future
C)improved relationship with caregivers
D)increased goal-directed thinking and behavior

Question 32

Kelly is 17 and is participating in sports.Compared to a 10-year old,Kelly is more likely to suffer an injury to her

A)arms.
B)shoulders.
C)head.
D)spine.

Question 33

The social and psychological consequences of being overweight in childhood include

A)narcissistic personality disorder.
B)displays of obsessive-compulsive behavior.
C)a propensity toward kleptomania.
D)low self-esteem.

Question 34

Shelby consumes large amounts of soda and spends most of her free time on her computer.We can expect that Shelby will

A)have issues with her weight.
B)have an easy time making friends.
C)have high self-esteem.
D)be healthier than most of her peers.

Question 35

All of the following are ways that parents can help reduce obesity in children EXCEPT

A)increasing the number of family meals eaten together.
B)increasing the availability of sugar-sweetened beverages and sodas.
C)reducing children's screen time.
D)getting children involved in sports.

Question 36

Children who are at or above the ________ percentile of body mass index (BMI)are included in the overweight category.

A)65th
B)75th
C)55th
D)95th

Question 37

How can parents provide positive models of exercise for children?

A)by encouraging children to play video games
B)by exercising regularly
C)by encouraging children to watch baseball on television
D)by buying the children an annual subscription of The Skateboard Mag

Question 38

Obese Chinese children are at a greater risk for ________ than children who are not overweight.

A)high blood pressure
B)asthma
C)cancer
D)cerebral palsy

Question 39

Which of the following is a negative consequence of participation in sports?

A)vigorous exercise
B)aerobic training
C)concentration in academic achievement
D)pressure to achieve

Question 40

Overweight children are at risk of which of the following diseases?

A)diabetes
B)myopia
C)pleurisy
D)marasmus

Question 41

Bill has just been diagnosed with a learning disability.He faces difficulty with math computations but can read and write fairly well.Bill is likely suffering from

A)dyslexia.
B)dyscalculia.
C)hyperplobia.
D)dysgraphia.

Question 42

________ is a cancer in which bone marrow manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells,which crowd out normal cells,making the child susceptible to bruising and infection.

A)Lymphoma
B)Pheochromocytoma
C)Leukemia
D)Osteosarcoma

Question 43

________ is the most common chronic disease in U.S.children,present in approximately 8.6 percent of them.

A)Colitis
B)Asthma
C)Cancer
D)Pneumonia

Question 44

________ is a chronic lung disease that involves episodes of airflow obstruction.

A)Colitis
B)Scurvy
C)Asthma
D)Migraine

Question 45

Cancers in children mainly attack the

A)white blood cells.
B)breast.
C)colon.
D)prostate.

Question 46

Intervention programs that target improving the diet of parents have

A)been limited in their success in improving the health of children.
B)been successful in helping the children of the parents lose weight.
C)had low levels of success at reducing weight in overweight children.
D)been successful if the children were already eating healthfully themselves.

Question 47

Which of the following is the leading cause of death during middle and late childhood?

A)asthma
B)cancer
C)diabetes
D)injuries

Question 48

Which of the following children is suffering from a learning disability?

A)8-year-old Ramon,who says reading is really hard for him and often the words don't make much sense
B)6-year-old Sasha,who stutters while speaking
C)10-year-old Jim,who is hyperactive and has problems concentrating on anything for long
D)11-year-old Tom,who has low vision and reads with the help of corrective lenses

Question 49

________ is the second leading cause of death (behind only injuries)among U.S.children aged 5 to 14.

A)Asthma
B)Obesity
C)Cancer
D)Heart failure

Question 50

Laura has just been diagnosed with a learning disability.She has a very high degree of difficulty writing legibly and makes numerous spelling errors.Laura is most likely suffering from

A)dyslexia.
B)dyscalculia.
C)acrophobia.
D)migraine.

Question 51

________ are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs for treating asthmatic children.

A)Corticosteroids
B)Benzodiazepines
C)Opioids
D)Amphetamines

Question 52

Which of the following is a symptom of asthma?

A)hypertension
B)wheezing
C)dyslexia
D)bruising

Question 53

________ involves difficulty in handwriting.

A)Aphasia
B)Hypermetropia
C)Insomnia
D)Dysgraphia

Question 54

Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

A)being underweight
B)being obese
C)being hyperactive
D)being myopic

Question 55

Which of the following statements is TRUE about cancer in children?

A)The incidence of cancer in children has reduced dramatically in recent years.
B)When cancer strikes children,it behaves differently from the way it attacks adults.
C)Children frequently have a less advanced stage of cancer when they are first diagnosed.
D)Most cancers in children result from lifestyle factors.

Question 56

Dr.Jones,an expert pediatrician,is most likely to prescribe which of the following treatments to overweight children?

A)prolonged fasting
B)encouragement to pursue more sedentary activities
C)a combination of diet,exercise,and behavior modification
D)encouragement to include foods rich in sugar in the daily diet

Question 57

Which of the following increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in elementary-school-aged children?

A)low vision
B)dyslexia
C)ADHD
D)hypertension

Question 58

Kiera's asthma attacks increased substantially after she moved with her family to a big city.What is the most probable explanation for the worsening of Kiera's asthma?

A)high temperatures in the summer
B)low humidity
C)lack of exercise
D)high degree of pollution

Question 59

________ is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys insulin-producing cells.

A)migraine
B)hypertension
C)type 1 diabetes
D)type 2 diabetes

Question 60

Lack of which of the following hormones,which regulates the body's blood sugar level,causes type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

A)insulin
B)adrenaline
C)cholecystokinin
D)oxytocin

Question 61

Stuttering occurs in which of the following cases?

A)when a child's speech has a spasmodic hesitation
B)when a child's behavior shows impulsivity
C)when a child suffers from malnourishment
D)when a child's voice is hoarse,harsh,or too loud

Question 62

Dora,a 7-year-old girl,has a speech defect that involves stuttering.She also suffers from hearing problems.Her impairments can be broadly categorized as ________ disorders.

A)genetic
B)conversion
C)communication
D)attention

Question 63

A recent study investigating the overdiagnosis of ADHD found that trained professionals overdiagnosed ADHD about ________ of the time.

A)0 percent
B)20 percent
C)40 percent
D)60 percent

Question 64

Besides medication,which of the following is effective in reducing the effects of ADHD?

A)more concentrated classroom time
B)behavior management
C)invasive surgery
D)losing calories

Question 65

Jenny has problems in pronouncing sounds correctly.Her speech therapist is treating her for

A)articulation disorder.
B)stuttering.
C)fluency disorder.
D)voice disorder.

Question 66

Children with a cleft palate often have a(n)________ that makes their speech difficult to understand.

A)attention deficit disorder
B)learning disorder
C)voice disorder
D)stuttering problem

Question 67

John,a 9-year-old boy,suffers from severe lack of concentration and impulsivity.The symptoms indicate that John is suffering from

A)cerebral palsy.
B)aphasia.
C)dyslexia.
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 68

Training in which individuals with ADHD become more aware of their physiological responses so that they can attain better executive control is called

A)neurofeedback.
B)neurorecycling.
C)relaxation.
D)intensive.

Question 69

Problems with executive function,use of working memory,and effective planning are associated with

A)type 2 diabetes.
B)articulation disorders.
C)speech disorders.
D)ADHD.

Question 70

All of the following are possible causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder EXCEPT

A)cigarette and alcohol exposure.
B)high levels of maternal stress.
C)having two or more siblings.
D)a genetic predisposition.

Question 71

Which of the following is one of the three major categories of ADHD diagnoses?

A)ADHD with predominantly reactive disorder
B)ADHD with predominantly inattention
C)ADHD with learning disability
D)mild-symptom ADHD

Question 72

Articulation disorders are ________ disorders

A)learning
B)attention
C)hearing
D)speech

Question 73

Critics worry that many physicians

A)are too quick to diagnose normal childhood behaviors as ADHD.
B)categorize ADHD as a learning disability.
C)encourage school teams to diagnose ADHD.
D)believe the symptoms of ADHD do not include hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Question 74

A 10-year-old child suffering from ADHD is likely to find which of the following tasks difficult?

A)skipping
B)writing
C)breathing regularly
D)planning effectively

Question 75

Visual impairment is a(n)________ disorder.

A)attention
B)articulation
C)olfactory
D)sensory

Question 76

Which of the following indicates the presence of a vision problem in children?

A)if they are impulsive
B)if they squint frequently
C)if they stutter from an early age
D)if they show signs of aphasia

Question 77

Approximately what percentage of adolescents who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood still continue to experience ADHD symptoms?

A)25 percent
B)45 percent
C)70 percent
D)95 percent

Question 78

Children with ________ have visual acuity of between 20/70 and 20/2000 with corrective lenses.

A)low vision
B)cataract
C)night blindness
D)leprosy

Question 79

Which of the following is FALSE regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A)It is more prevalent in girls than in boys.
B)There is concern that it is being overdiagnosed in children.
C)Increases in diagnoses may be linked to increased awareness of the disorder.
D)Diagnoses are sometimes not made by trained professionals.

Question 80

Stuttering is a(n)________ disorder

A)voice
B)fluency
C)attention
D)sensory