Deck 45: Sensory Systems

Question 1

The mechanism by which sensory information is conveyed to the CNS is composed of which sequential steps?

A)stimulation and transduction
B)transmission and interpretation
C)neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft
D)stimulation,transduction,transmission,and interpretation
E)stimulation,transduction,transmission,interpretation,and neurotransmitter release

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The simplest sensory receptors are __________ that respond to mechanical distortion,changes in temperature,or specific chemicals.

A)nociceptors
B)free nerve endings
C)gated channels
D)photoreceptors
E)ganglia

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following receptors does not involve depolarization leading to an action potential in a sensory neuron?

A)mechanoreceptors
B)G-protein receptors
C)chemoreceptors
D)photoreceptors
E)exteroceptors and interoceptors

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Different nociceptors may respond to all of the following except

A)extremes in temperature.
B)very intense mechanical stimulation.
C)specific chemicals in the extracellular fluid.
D)chemicals released by injured cells.
E)external odorant molecules.

Question 5

The receptors that transmit impulses that are perceived by the brain as pain are called

A)baroreceptors.
B)chemoreceptors.
C)nociceptors.
D)thermoreceptors.
E)propioceptors.

Question 6

Interoceptors can recognize all of the following stimuli except

A)limb position.
B)pain.
C)gravity.
D)body temperature.
E)muscle length.

Question 7

__________ sense stimuli that arise from within the body.

A)Nocireceptors
B)Thermoreceptors
C)Interoreceptors
D)Compound ganglia
E)Exteroreceptors

Question 8

Stimulus-gated channels respond to stimulation of

A)sensory cells.
B)adipose cells.
C)blood cells.
D)intestinal mucosal cells.
E)bone cells.

Question 9

The sensory structures that enable the brains of most invertebrates to determine the orientation of the body with respect to gravity are called

A)carotid bodies.
B)statocysts.
C)Ruffini endings.
D)baroreceptors.
E)interoceptors.

Question 10

The lateral line system provides ________ with a sense of "distant touch," enabling these animals to sense objects that reflect pressure waves and low-frequency vibrations.

A)amphibians
B)reptiles
C)birds
D)mammals
E)fish

Question 11

Free nerve endings,the simplest sensory receptors,respond to all of the following except

A)bending of the sensory neuron membrane.
B)changes in temperature.
C)changes in chemicals like oxygen in the extracellular fluid.
D)smell and hearing changes.
E)stretching of the sensory neuron membranE.

Question 12

Snakes known as pit vipers are the only vertebrates known with the ability to sense

A)infrared radiation.
B)ultraviolet radiation.
C)electromagnetic radiation.
D)visible light radiation.
E)none of thesE.

Question 13

Vertebrates contain receptors for all of the following senses except

A)hearing.
B)taste.
C)smell.
D)humidity.
E)vision.

Question 14

The receptors of the skin,called the cutaneous receptors,are classified as interoceptors.These are good examples of the specialization of receptor structure and function.These receptors respond to

A)heat and cold.
B)pain,touch,and pressure.
C)chemicals,light,and sound.
D)heat,cold,pain,touch,and pressure.
E)heat,cold,pain,touch,pressure,chemicals,light,and sound.

Question 15

When stimulated by the binding of specific chemicals,the proteins in the membranes of taste bud receptors and olfactory neurons

A)depolarize.
B)repolarize.
C)become polarized.
D)produce action potentials.
E)release neurotransmitters.

Question 16

All input from sensory neurons to the central nervous system arrives in the same form,as ____________ propagated by afferent sensory neurons.Perception of the stimuli about type and intensity depend on the projection of the impulse to which part of the brain and its frequency by the sensory neuron.

A)action potentials
B)receptor potentials
C)reflexes
D)frequency localizations
E)thresholds

Question 17

The electroreceptors of sharks,rays,and snakes can detect electrical fields or disturbances in electrical fields.These receptors are called

A)Organ of Corti.
B)Malpighian tubules.
C)Fallopian tubes.
D)Organ of Krebs.
E)Ampullae of Lorenzini.

Question 18

Exteroceptors can sense all of the following stimuli except

A)gravity.
B)smell.
C)light.
D)muscle tension.
E)sound.

Question 19

The Organ of Corti consists of the

A)sensory apparatus consisting of the basilar membrane.
B)the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane.
C)hair cells with associated neurons.
D)hair cells with associated neurons and the tectorial membrane.
E)the basilar membrane,the tectorial membrane,and hair cells.

Question 20

All of the following are mechanoreceptors except

A)Meissner's corpuscles.
B)Ruffini endings.
C)Merkel cells.
D)red corpuscles.
E)Pacinian corpuscles.

Question 21

Vision is perceived by which of the following sequential events?
I-The bound photopigment cis-retinal of the photoreceptor rods and cones dissociates in response to light,thus it indirectly activates the bipolar neurons and then ganglion cells.
II-The action potentials are propagated through the axons of ganglion cells,the stimuli thus are projected to the occipital region of the brain.
III-A negative charge in the opening of the canal depolarizes the receptor at the base,which causes release of neurotransmitter and increase activity of the sensory neurons.

A)I then III
B)III then II
C)III then I then II
D)I then II then III
E)I then II

Question 22

In the vertebrate eye,the light is focused onto the

A)pupil.
B)lens.
C)retina.
D)sclera.
E)iris.

Question 23

The receptors that are shorter and responsible for color vision are

A)rods.
B)cones.
C)bipolar cells.
D)glial cells.
E)ganglion cells.

Question 24

Of all of the sensory perceptions in vertebrates,the least understood is

A)electricity.
B)magnetism.
C)vision.
D)hearing.
E)mechanical;touching.

Question 25

In the vertebrate eye the amount of light reaching the retina is controlled by the

A)foveA.
B)cornea.
C)iris.
D)lens.
E)sclera.

Question 26

The photopigment of rods is called

A)photopsin.
B)rhodopsin.
C)opsin.
D)carotene.
E)melanin.

Question 27

The brain interprets sound after which of the following sequential events?
I-As the basilar membrane vibrates,the cilia of the hair cells bend in response to its movement relative to the tectorial membrane,the bending of the cilia depolarizes the hair cells.
II-The hair cells stimulate the production of action potentials in sensory neurons that are projected to the brain.
III-The axons of ganglion cells transmit action potentials to the occipital lobe of the brain.

A)II then I
B)III then I then II
C)III then I
D)I then II
E)I then II then III

Question 28

All of the following are parts of the vertebrate eye except the

A)corneA.
B)retina.
C)iris.
D)cochlea.
E)pupil.

Question 29

Which of the following cells are not found in the retina?

A)rods
B)cones
C)bipolar cells
D)glial cells
E)ganglion cells

Question 30

Vertebrate receptors for gravity consist of:
I-Utricle and saccule chambers of a membranous labyrinth.
II-Hair cells with stereocilia and kinocilium.
III-Hairlike processes embedded with otolith membrane,a gelatinous membrane containing calcium carbonate crystals.
IV-Peripheral chemoreceptors.

A)I and II
B)II,III,and IV
C)I and IV
D)I,II,III,and IV
E)I,II,and III

Question 31

The middle ear consists of

A)three ossicle bones.
B)the ear canal.
C)the ear drum.
D)the vestibular canal.
E)the tympanic canal.

Question 32

All of the following are examples of interoceptors except

A)temperature.
B)vibration.
C)pain.
D)magnetism.
E)touch.

Question 33

Binocular vision is possible in animals that have

A)their eyes located to the sides of the head.
B)their eyes facing forward.
C)many eyes located at many parts of the head.
D)infrared vision.
E)a sense of depth.

Question 34

Color blindness is due to an inherited lack of cone receptors.These retinas typically contain

A)one type of cone only.
B)two types of cones.
C)three types of cones.
D)four types of cones.
E)five types of cones.

Question 35

Human taste buds are specialized to taste all of the following except

A)salty.
B)sour.
C)sweet.
D)toxic.
E)bitter.

Question 36

By being active and efficient in the dark with sonar,which of the following animals became the most numerous and widespread?

A)bats
B)whales
C)owls
D)dolphins
E)shrews

Question 37

Several types of mechanoreceptors are present in the skin.Two of the types are called phasic and tonic.Which of the following statements best describes the difference in phasic and tonic receptors?

A)Phasic receptors are located on body surfaces that contain hair.Tonic receptors are located on body surfaces that do not contain hair.
B)Phasic receptors are located on body surfaces that do not contain hair,such as palms and soles.Tonic receptors are located near the surface of the skin.
C)Phasic receptors are thermoreceptors that detect cold.Tonic receptors are thermoreceptors that detect heat.
D)Phasic receptors are a special type of pain receptors located in the skin.Tonic receptors are special types of pain receptors located within the body.
E)Phasic receptors receive impulses in phases or waves.Tonic receptors receive impulses that are dynamic,in other words ever changing impulses,such as vibrations.

Question 38

Which of the following constitute the vestibular apparatus?

A)saccule and utricle
B)semicircular canals,saccule,and utricle
C)ampullae of Lorenzini
D)Merkel cells
E)saccule,utricle,and ventricle

Question 39

Select the incorrectly matched receptor and its function.

A)proprioceptor-sensory stretch receptors in muscles
B)baroreceptor-pressure receptors in blood vessels
C)nociceptor-receptors in tissues that transmit impulses to the brain which are interpreted as pain
D)chemoreceptors-receptors for taste and smell
E)peripheral chemoreceptors-located in the medulla oblongata are sensitive to pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 40

Which of the following statements about olfaction,the sense of smell,in terrestrial vertebrates is(are)true?
I-Involved chemoreceptors are located in the upper portion of the nasal passages.
II-These receptors are bipolar neurons whose dendrites end in tassels of cilia that project into the nasal mucosa.
III-The axons of these receptors project directly into the cerebral cortex.
IV-Thousands of different smells can be discerned as opposed to only four kinds of taste.

A)I and II
B)II,III,and IV
C)I,III,and IV
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 41

In the typical vertebrate,which letter best describes the direction of incoming light?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)All of the directions are possiblE.

Question 42

The retina of the human eye is composed of three layers of cells.Starting with the layer that is closest to the internal surface of the eyeball,what is the correct order?

A)ganglion cells $\rarr$ bipolar cells $\rarr$ rods and cones
B)optic nerve cells $\rarr$ rods and cones $\rarr$ 0 bipolar cells
C)rods and cones $\rarr$ bipolar cells $\rarr$ ganglion cells
D)bipolar cells $\rarr$ ganglion cells $\rarr$ rods and cones
E)rods and cones $\rarr$ optic nerve cells $\rarr$ bipolar cells

Question 43

All of the following statements about the lateral line system in fish are correct except

A)the lateral line system allows fish to sense "objects" by the pressure waves that are produced.
B)the lateral line system allows fish to sense "objects" by the low-frequency vibrations that are produced.
C)the lateral line system allows fish to swim in synchrony with a school of other members of its species.
D)the lateral line system provides the fish with the ability to hear.
E)the lateral line system allows blind cave fish to sense the water patterns flowing past its body.

Question 44

In this figure,where is the main transduction event occurring?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 45

When a retinal molecule captures a photon,

A)it releases an electron.
B)it glows.
C)it changes configuration.
D)it begins to vibrate.
E)it does nothing.

Question 46

If one examines the ear of a human and begins with the outer ear and continues to the inner ear,what is the order of structures encountered?

A)tympanic membrane $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ cochlea
B)tympanic membrane $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ cochlea
C)tympanic membrane $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ cochlea
D)tympanic membrane $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ cochlea $\rarr$ oval window
E)tympanic membrane $\rarr$ oval window $\rarr$ malleus $\rarr$ incus $\rarr$ stapes $\rarr$ cochlea

Question 47

Which of the following regarding hair cells is false?

A)can be found in the mammalian ear
B)can be found in the fish lateral line system
C)can repair if ruptured
D)bending of hair cells allows ion movement across membrane
E)composed of stereocilia and a kinocilium

Question 48

In the ear,high frequency sounds tend to

A)displace the whole length of the basilar membrane with a maximum near the apex.
B)move only the basal portion of the basilar membrane.
C)move only the apex portion of the basilar membrane.
D)move only the portion of the basilar membrane between the basal portion and the apex.
E)only move the tectorial membranE.

Question 49

Color vision is possible because of cones in the retina of the eye.There are three types of cones that can be stimulated by light.All other colors are combinations of the colors of three cones.The cone colors are:
I-Red
II-Yellow
III-Orange
IV-Blue
V-Green
VI-Purple

A)I,II,and III
B)I,III,and IV
C)I,IV,and V
D)I,V,and VI
E)II,IV,and VI

Question 50

The statoliths of a lobster are replaced with iron filings.A strong magnetic field is produced on the top of the lobster's tank.What is the likely response of the lobster?

A)The lobster's dorsal surface sticks to the top of the tank and it is unable to move.
B)The lobster would tend to remain upside down gripping the underside of the top of the tank.
C)The lobster would turn upside down and remain on the bottom of the tank.
D)Nothing would occur.
E)The lobster would spin around continuously.

Question 51

Electroreceptors are found in all of the following animals except

A)bony fish.
B)sharks.
C)duck-bill platypus.
D)skates.
E)pit viper snakes.

Question 52

Which sense receptor cell directly produces an action potential?

A)hearing
B)olfactory
C)equilibrium
D)vision
E)touch

Question 53

Which of the following regarding vision is false?

A)Vertebrate rods and cones hyperpolarize in response to light.
B)Insects and birds can often see into the ultraviolet range.
C)Bright light will often produce action potentials in both rods and cones.
D)Invertebrate photoreceptor membranes depolarize in response to light.
E)Rhodopsin is found in the membrane of the rods and cones.

Question 54

Which of the following is not attributed to proprioceptors?

A)provides information regarding muscle temperature
B)provides information regarding limb movement
C)provides information regarding muscle position
D)provides information regarding muscle contraction
E)provides information regarding muscle stretch

Question 55

In this figure,what is the best description for what is occurring?

A)vertebrate hair cell exposed to low frequency
B)vertebrate photoreceptor exposed to light
C)invertebrate photoreceptor exposed to light
D)vertebrate photoreceptor in the dark
E)invertebrate photoreceptor in the dark

Question 56

Which of the following taste modalities does not involve a G-protein receptor?

A)bitter
B)sweet
C)umami
D)sour
E)All of the taste modalities involve a g-protein receptor.

Question 57

Humans who are nearsighted have the image

A)focused behind the retinA.
B)focused in front of the retina.
C)focused on the retina but the image appears blurred.
D)focused within the lens with a shadow on the retina.
E)focused but upside down.

Question 58

In this figure,what is the best description of the mechanism occurring on the cell membrane?

A)The cell membrane is being excited.
B)The cell membrane is being inhibited.
C)The cell membrane is producing an action potential.
D)The cell membrane is hyperpolarizing.
E)The cell membrane is depolarizing.

Question 59

Select the exception in the list of the following animals that are able to use sonar as a form of "lightless vision" to navigate in dark environments.

A)shrews
B)owls
C)bats
D)whales
E)dolphins

Question 60

Which of these structures is not found in an octopus eye but is found in a human eye?

A)retina
B)lens
C)optic nerve
D)blind spot
E)cones

Question 61

Our visual acuity is greatest when

A)an image is focused on the rods outside the foveA.
B)an image is focused on the cones outside the fovea.
C)an image is focused on the rods of the fovea.
D)an image is focused on the cones of the fovea.
E)an image is focused on the rods and cones in any area of the retina as long as there is ample light.

Question 62

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.tonic receptors located near the surface of the skin
B.pressure sensitive receptors in the subcutaneous layer
C.receptors located on the face and fingertips
Merkle cell.

Question 63

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.tonic receptors located near the surface of the skin
B.pressure sensitive receptors in the subcutaneous layer
C.receptors located on the face and fingertips
Ruffini corpuscle.

Question 64

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.tonic receptors located near the surface of the skin
B.pressure sensitive receptors in the subcutaneous layer
C.receptors located on the face and fingertips
Pacinian corpuscle.

Question 65

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.tonic receptors located near the surface of the skin
B.pressure sensitive receptors in the subcutaneous layer
C.receptors located on the face and fingertips
Meissner's corpuscle.